High Saturated Fat Diet Alters the Lipid Composition of Triacylglycerol and Polar Lipids in the Femur of Dam and Offspring Rats

1. Rat intestinal microvillus plasma membranes were prepared from previously isolated brush borders and the lipid composition was analysed. 2. The molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid was greatest in the membranes and closely resembled that reported for myelin. 3. Unesterified cholesterol was the major neutral lipid. However, 30% of the neutral lipid fraction was accounted for by glycerides and fatty acid. 4. Five phospholipid components were identified and measured, including phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine. Though phosphatidylethanolamine was the chief phospholipid, no plasmalogen was detected. 5. In contrast with other plasma membranes in the rat, the polar lipids of the microvillus membrane were rich in glycolipid. The cholesterol:polar lipid (phospholipid+glycolipid) ratio was about 1:3 for the microvillus membrane. Published data suggest that this ratio resembles that of the liver plasma membrane more closely than myelin or the erythrocyte membrane. 6. The fatty acid composition of membrane lipids was altered markedly by a single feeding of safflower oil. Membrane polar lipids did not contain significantly more saturated fatty acids than cellular polar lipids. Differences in the proportion of some fatty acids in membrane and cellular glycerides were noted. These differences may reflect the presence of specific membrane glycerides.

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The Lipid Composition of Rabies Virus

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1973-1-216 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 28 (1-2) ◽

pp. 90-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

H. Diringers ◽

H.-P. Kulas ◽

L. G. Schneider ◽

H. D. Schlumberger

Keyword(s):

Neutral Lipid ◽

Host Cell ◽

Rabies Virus ◽

Polar Lipid ◽

Lipid Composition ◽

Polar Lipids ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Virus Preparation ◽

Lipid Material

The lipid composition of the Flury HEP strain of rabies virus grown in BHK 21/C 13 cells was determined. The dried purified virus preparation contains 5.5 % neutral and 19.5 % polar lipids. Cholesterol was found to be the major neutral lipid. Phopholipids constitute 11.2 %; and glycolipids represent 4.6 % of the virus mass. The residual 3.7 % of extracted polar lipid material could not be accounted for by any known lipids. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin are the main constituents of the viral phospholipids. Hema- toside is the only ganglioside and the main glycolipid present in the virus. The glycolipids of the host cell and the virus are identical. The molar ratio of sphingolipids to glycerophospho-lipids is 0.8.

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Interactive effects of increased intake of saturated fat and cholesterol on atherosclerosis in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114598001810 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 89-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yvonne V. Yuan ◽

David D. Kitts ◽

David V. Godin

Keyword(s):

Japanese Quail ◽

Lipid Composition ◽

Beef Tallow ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Plaque Formation ◽

Coturnix Japonica ◽

Aortic Tissue ◽

Oxide Content ◽

Aortic Plaque ◽

Tissue Cholesterol

Increasing the energy value of diets with dietary fat, particularly fats rich in saturated fatty acids, can result in the elevation of plasma total and lipoprotein cholesterol. In the present study, experimental diets were designed to examine the effects of increasing the energy content of diets with a saturated fat source and cholesterol in a non-purified diet on hyperlipoproteinaemia and aortic plaque composition in the atherosclerosis-susceptible Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) model of human atherosclerosis. Commercial poultry diets containing two levels (i.e. 60 or 120 g/kg) of beef tallow as the primary source of saturated fat were balanced for endogenous cholesterol or supplemented with cholesterol (i.e. 0·5 or 5·0 g/kg) and fed to quail for 9 weeks to examine the effects on whole plasma, lipoprotein and aortic plaque lipid composition in relation to aortic plaque formation. Hypercholesterolaemia (P<0·001) was confirmed in birds fed on high-cholesterol (HC) diets only. An interaction (P=0·05) between dietary cholesterol and fat intake level was observed for plasma triacylglycerols (TG) and was specific to changes observed in VLDL composition. Diet-induced changes in lipoprotein total cholesterol, TG and phospholipid composition were greatest in the portomicron and VLDL fractions in birds fed on atherogenic diets. Hyperlipoproteinaemia induced by the 60 g/kg added beef tallow–HC diet resulted in significant (P<0·001) aortic plaque deposition, which was further enhanced in birds fed on the 120 g/kg beef tallow–HC diet. Quail fed on 120 g/kg beef tallow-HC diets exhibited the most severe aortic plaque formation, with marked increases in aortic tissue cholesterol content and quantifiable amounts of several cholesterol oxides (5,6α-epoxy-5α-cholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, cholestanetriol, 7-ketocholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol). In summary, hyperlipoproteinaemia associated with HC diets with a greater proportion of energy from saturated fat produced a combined effect in altering plasma and lipoprotein lipid composition as well as aortic tissue cholesterol and cholesterol oxide content in the Japanese quail.

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Polar lipids are linked to nanoparticles in xylem sap of temperate angiosperm species

10.1101/2021.10.22.465462 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xinyi Guan ◽

H Jochen Schenk ◽

Mary R. Roth ◽

Ruth Welti ◽

Julia Werner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Composition ◽

Xylem Sap ◽

Seasonal Difference ◽

Polar Lipids ◽

Contamination Control ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Angiosperm Species ◽

Liquid And Solid Phases ◽

Control Samples ◽

Xylem Conduits

Xylem sap of angiosperm species has been found to include low concentrations of polar lipids and nanoparticles, including surfactant-coated nanobubbles. Although the nanoparticles have been suggested to consist of polar lipids, no attempt has been made to determine if nanoparticle and lipid concentrations are related. Here, we examined concentrations of nanoparticles and lipids in xylem sap and contamination control samples of six temperate angiosperm species with a NanoSight device and based on mass spectrometry. We found (1) that the concentration of nanoparticles and lipids were both diluted when an increasing amount of sap was extracted, (2) that their concentrations were significantly correlated in three species, (3) that their concentrations were affected by vessel anatomy, and (4) that concentrations of nanoparticles and lipids were very low in contamination-control samples. Moreover, there was little seasonal difference, no freezing-thawing effect on nanoparticles, and little seasonal variation in lipid composition. These findings indicate that lipids and nanoparticles are related to each other, and largely do not pass interconduit pit membranes. Further research is needed to examine the formation and stability of nanoparticles in xylem sap in relation to lipid composition, and the complicated interactions among the gas, liquid, and solid phases in xylem conduits.

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