Professional Ethics of Software Engineers: An Ethical Framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yotam Lurie ◽  
Shlomo Mark
Keyword(s):  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Software Engineers

scholarly journals Professional ethics of recommendations: implications for COVID-19 vaccination of women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
F. A. Chervenak ◽  
L. B. McCullough ◽  
A. Grunebaum
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Specific Topic ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
National Governments

There has been changing guidance from national and international professional associations, national and international non-governmental organizations, and health officials in national governments for obstetrician-gynecologists about COVID-19 vaccination of pregnant women and women who are planning to become pregnant. in this paper, we provide an ethical framework that provides the needed guidance to decision making about recommending COVID-19 vaccination to these patients. the unique feature of this ethical framework is that it is based on professional ethics in obstetrics and gynecology. We begin with an account of three key components of professional ethics in obstetrics and gynecology and how they are pertinent to the ethics of making recommendations that should be understood in obstetric and gynecologic practice generally. We then identify the implications of this overview for the specific topic of the ethics of recommending COVID-19 vaccination.

Professional Ethics in Obstetric Practice, Innovation, and Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Frank A. Chervenak ◽  
Laurence B. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Home Birth ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Obstetric Practice ◽  
Ethical Concept ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
Planned Home Birth

Obstetric clinical practice, innovation, and research should be guided by professional ethics in obstetrics. In this chapter, the authors distinguish professional medical ethics from medical ethics and bioethics. They set out an ethical framework for obstetrics based on the invention of professional medical ethics by two eighteenth-century physician-ethicists, John Gregory (1724–1773) and Thomas Percival (1740–1804). Professional ethics in obstetrics appeals to the ethical principles of beneficence and respect for autonomy and the ethical concept of the fetus as a patient. This framework is deployed to provide ethically justified, practical guidance about two ethical challenges in obstetric practice: the professionally responsible role of nondirective counseling of pregnant women about induced abortion and the professionally responsible role of directive counseling about planned home birth. This framework is also deployed to provide ethically justified, practical guidance about professionally responsible obstetric innovation and research for fetal benefit.

scholarly journals Questions of ethics and etiquette in the Society of Accountants in Edinburgh, 1853–1951

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy A Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
First Century ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Professional Conduct ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Current Concerns

The intangible qualities of honesty and integrity are essential elements of the ethos of the accounting profession. This article reflects on the changing and continuous nature of questions of professional ethics within the Society of Accountants in Edinburgh. Using the Society’s archives, it presents a review of the questions which vexed early leaders of that body. A historical analysis of these issues helps place current concerns about professional conduct into an appropriate temporal perspective and demonstrates the deep-rooted nature of challenges in forming a notion of professional ethics. The article focusses on issues such as members committing criminal acts, problems with delineating the professional space, advertising and the quality of training of apprentice accountants. The article adds to our understanding of the creation of an ethical framework governing the behaviour of professional accountants in one jurisdiction during the first century of the existence of an organised profession. The presentation of individual cases provides a personal touch and adds depth to the analysis.

scholarly journals Engaging Ethicists in Animal Research Policymaking

ILAR Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela N Hvitved
Keyword(s):  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Human Subjects Research ◽  
Deliberative Process ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Key Stakeholders

Abstract The significance of ethical considerations for animal research policy has long been acknowledged, but the role of philosophical ethics in the policymaking process has been less clear. By comparing the ethical framework of animal research policy with that for human subjects research, this article considers how the legacies of these two policy areas influence current policy and suggests that ethicists and ethical scholarship have been underutilized in developing animal research policy. An important aspect of policymaking is gathering and responding to input provided by various stakeholders. Given their expertise in a highly relevant area, ethicists should be considered key stakeholders in animal research policy deliberations. This article explores the role of ethicists and ethical scholarship in influencing animal research policy and suggests that a more robust engagement with the professional ethics community throughout the deliberative process is vital for policymakers to adequately account for ethical considerations.

scholarly journals THE ETHICS OF THE RELATION BETWEEN THE CONVICTED PATIENT AND THE PHYSICIAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-479
Author(s):  
Cristian Gherman ◽  
Ovidiu Chiroban ◽  
Dan Perju-Dumbrava
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Legal Medicine ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Deceptive Behavior ◽  
System Information

Backgrounds and aims: Approaching the convicted patient is a topical issue in terms of alignment with EU provisions and recommendations, more so in the context of year by year increase in the number of convicts and consequently, prison patients. The prison patient exhibits increased vulnerability in regard to the rest of the convicts due to his/her medical status overlapping personality changes induced, while coping with a new environment. This represents a challenge for the physicians involved in the expertise process, which must act objectively within the limits and by the principles of professional ethics, while confronting a patient influenced by the prison environment.Methods: We studied the existing legal and ethical framework concerning the expertise in view of sentence postponement/interruption on medical grounds and made a comparison between the theoretical information available and the “real life” situations encountered in our experience at the Institute of Legal Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Following this step we tried to establish some principles needed to optimize health care in the penitentiary system by detecting and sanctioning situations of deceptive behavior, doubled or not by simulation and over-simulation.Results: Convicts present pathologies documented in medical records, but accuse new symptoms that could suggest a new pathological condition. During the expertise, convicted patients emphasize their symptoms and/or claim new symptoms unrelated to their documented medical condition. Convicts submit repeated requests for which treatment solutions within the NAP healthcare system had been already formulated.Conclusion: The patient must be properly informed about the steps to be taken and duration expected in performing a legal medicine expertise in pursuit of sentence postponement or interruption for the treatment of a medical condition that cannot be properly addressed within the NAP sanitary system. Information should come from authorized sources. Efforts to determine unauthorized sources (mainly "experienced" detainees with records of unsubstantiated demands) are surely beneficial.

Violence against trainees: urgent ethical challenges for medical educators and academic leaders in perinatal medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 728-732
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ayala-Yáñez ◽  
Regina Ruíz-López ◽  
Laurence B. McCullough ◽  
Frank A. Chervenak
Keyword(s):  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Web Searches ◽  
Perinatal Medicine ◽  
Ethical Obligation ◽  
Academic Leaders ◽  
Critical Appraisal Tool ◽  
Medical Educators

AbstractObjectivesViolence against medical trainees confronts medical educators and academic leaders in perinatal medicine with urgent ethical challenges. Despite their evident importance, these ethical challenges have not received sufficient attention. The purpose of this paper is to provide an ethical framework to respond to these ethical challenges.MethodsWe used an existing critical appraisal tool to conduct a scholarly review, to identify publications on the ethical challenges of violence against trainees. We conducted web searches to identify reports of violence against trainees in Mexico. Drawing on professional ethics in perinatal medicine, we describe an ethical framework that is unique in the literature on violence against trainees in its appeal to the professional virtue of self-sacrifice and its justified limits.ResultsOur search identified no previous publications that address the ethical challenges of violence against trainees. We identified reports of violence and their limitations. The ethical framework is based on the professional virtue of self-sacrifice in professional ethics in perinatal medicine. This virtue creates the ethical obligation of trainees to accept reasonable risks of life and health but not unreasonable risks. Society has the ethical obligation to protect trainees from these unreasonable risks. Medical educators should protect personal safety. Academic leaders should develop and implement policies to provide such protection. Institutions of government should provide effective law enforcement and fair trials of those accused of violence against trainees. International societies should promulgate ethics statements that can be applied to violence against trainees. By protecting trainees, medical educators and academic leaders in perinatology will also protect pregnant, fetal, and neonatal patients.ConclusionsThis paper is the first to provide an ethical framework, based on the professional virtue of self-sacrifice and its justified limits, to guide medical educators and academic leaders in perinatal medicine who confront ethical challenges of violence against their trainees.

Notes Towards a Professional Ethics for Psychiatry

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Radden
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Boundary Violations

Objective: The uniqueness of psychiatry calls for a unique ethics. By identifying the features distinguishing psychiatry as medical and social practice, this article seeks to illustrate the methodology by which that ethics can be derived and to determine what kind of a framework and focus such an ethics requires. Method: The author is an analytically trained philosopher and employs the method of conceptual analysis. Results: At least three characteristics are suggested by the features which taken together constitute psychiatry's uniqueness: an ethical framework accommodating character, a rubric for acknowledging boundary violations, and an emphasis on gender. Conclusions: The larger task of formulating the substance and details of that unique ethics is the next step.

Awareness and Decision Making in Professional Ethics

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Swain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Awareness ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aid Decision

The paper describes the development of the 1998 revision of the Psychological Society of Ireland's Code of Professional Ethics. The Code incorporates the European Meta-Code of Ethics and an ethical decision-making procedure borrowed from the Canadian Psychological Association. An example using the procedure is presented. To aid decision making, a classification of different kinds of stakeholder (i.e., interested party) affected by ethical decisions is offered. The author contends (1) that psychologists should assert the right, which is an important aspect of professional autonomy, to make discretionary judgments, (2) that to be justified in doing so they need to educate themselves in sound and deliberative judgment, and (3) that the process is facilitated by a code such as the Irish one, which emphasizes ethical awareness and decision making. The need for awareness and judgment is underlined by the variability in the ethical codes of different organizations and different European states: in such a context, codes should be used as broad yardsticks, rather than precise templates.

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