scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on glycaemic control and lifestyle changes in children and adolescents with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Endocrine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hooi Peng Cheng ◽  
Jeanne Sze Lyn Wong ◽  
Nalini M Selveindran ◽  
Janet Yeow Hua Hong
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Lifestyle Changes

scholarly journals Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in North-East Poland

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Wojciech Matuszewski ◽  
Angelika Baranowska-Jurkun ◽  
Magdalena M. Stefanowicz-Rutkowska ◽  
Robert Modzelewski ◽  
Janusz Pieczyński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
North East ◽  
Experimental Group

Background and Objectives: The global epidemic of diabetes, especially type 2 (DM2), is related to lifestyle changes, obesity, and the process of population aging. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most serious complication of the eye caused by diabetes. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in north-east Poland. Materials and Methods: The eye fundus was assessed on the basis of two-field 50 degrees color fundus photographs that showed the optic nerve and macula in the center after the pupil was dilated with 1% tropicamide. Results: The experimental group included 315 (26%) patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and 894 (74%) patients with DM2. DM1 patients were diagnosed with DR in 32.58% of cases, with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in 24.44% of cases, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in 1.59% of cases, diabetic macular edema (DME) in 5.40% of cases, and PDR with DME in 0.95% of cases. DR was found in DM2 patients in 23.04% of cases, NPDR in 17.11% of cases, PDR in 1.01% of cases, DME in 4.81% of cases, and PDR with DME in 0.11% of cases. Conclusions: The presented study is the first Polish study on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy presenting a large group of patients, and its results could be extrapolated to the whole country. Diabetic retinopathy was found in 25.48% of patients in the whole experimental group. The above results place Poland within the European average, indicating the quality of diabetic care offered in Poland, based on the number of observed complications.

What a psychiatrist needs to know about diabetes

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (S4) ◽  
pp. S330-S334 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Charbonnel
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Glycosylated Haemoglobin ◽  
Glucose Levels

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder, caused by defects in insulin action and/or insulin production and is defined as afasting hyperglycaemia of >126 mg/dl, with normoglycaemia being ≥70 and ≤ 110 mg/dl. There are two main types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes (around 10% of cases) is an autoimmune disease, usually of early onset, in which pancreatic islet beta cells that secrete insulin are destroyed. Type 2 diabetes (around 85% of cases) is characterised principally by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Heredity and obesity are major risk factors for Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is associated with potentially life-threatening microvascular and macrovascular complications caused by elevated serum glucose levels. Treatment of diabetes aims at restoring glycaemic control. In Type 1 diabetes, this can be achieved by injecting insulin. Oral hypoglycaemic medications that stimulate insulin secretion and/or modify glucose metabolism can be used as a first-line treatment in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, insulin is usually necessary in later phases of the disease. Lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, are also important. Glycaemic control can be measured by fasting blood glucose levels and also by glycosylated haemoglobin levels. The latter measure gives an indication of glycaemic control over a period of three months, and a reduction in glycosylated haemoglobin is the most appropriate treatment goal in the management of diabetes.

scholarly journals Dapagliflozin pharmacokinetics is similar in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Melin ◽  
Weifeng Tang ◽  
Dinko Rekić ◽  
Bengt Hamrén ◽  
Robert C Penland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Population Pk

Aim: Dapagliflozin improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is approved in European and Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with inadequate glycaemic control. The objectives of this work were to characterise the dapagliflozin pharmacokinetics (PK) in patients with T1DM, assess the influence of covariates on dapagliflozin PK, and compare dapagliflozin systemic exposure between patients with T1DM and T2DM. Methods: Population PK analysis was performed using a non-linear mixed-effect modelling approach. The analysis included 5,793 dapagliflozin plasma concentrations from 1,150 adult patients with T1DM, collected from one phase 2 (NCT01498185) and two phase 3 studies (DEPICT-1, NCT02268214; DEPICT-2, NCT02460978). Covariate effects were investigated using stepwise covariate modelling. Model-derived area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was compared with AUC in patients with T2DM. Results: The final two-compartmental model adequately described the dapagliflozin concentrations in patients with T1DM. The estimated apparent clearance was 20.5 L/h. Model-predicted systemic exposure for 5 mg and 10 mg of dapagliflozin indicated dose-proportionality and was comparable between patients with T1DM and T2DM. The identified covariate relationships showed that patients with better renal function (measured as estimated glomerular filtration rate), males, and heavier patients had lower dapagliflozin systemic exposure. Among the covariates studied, no covariates affected dapagliflozin systemic exposure to a clinically relevant extent. Conclusions: Dapagliflozin PK in patients with T1DM was adequately described by the population PK model and no clinically relevant covariates were identified. Dapagliflozin systemic exposure was comparable between patients with T1DM and T2DM. NCT01498185, NCT02268214, NCT02460978

Lack of Evidence Linking Infant Feeding Regimen and Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. 237A-237A
Author(s):  
Robin S. Feldman ◽  
Michael Falk ◽  
Kathy A. Grako ◽  
Dawn A. Groenke ◽  
Allison Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Feeding Regimen
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