Does quitting intention increase by perceived risk of smoking? The effects of negative outcome expectancy, future orientation and emotional support

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinwei Li ◽  
Weijian Li ◽  
Haide Chen ◽  
Xinyi Wei ◽  
Ningmeng Cao
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Outcome Expectancy ◽  
Negative Outcome

scholarly journals Mediators of Lifestyle Behaviour Changes in Obese Pregnant Women. Secondary Analyses from the DALI Lifestyle Randomised Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireille NM van Poppel ◽  
Judith G.M. Jelsma ◽  
David Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Outcome Expectancy ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviour ◽  
Intervention Effects

A better understanding of what drives behaviour change in obese pregnant overweight women is needed to improve the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in this group at risk for gestational diabetes (GDM). Therefore, we assessed which factors mediated behaviour change in the Vitamin D and Lifestyle Intervention for GDM Prevention (DALI) Lifestyle Study. A total of 436 women, with pre-pregnancy body mass index ≥29 kg/m2, ≤19 + 6 weeks of gestation and without GDM, were randomised for counselling based on motivational interviewing (MI) on healthy eating and physical activity, healthy eating alone, physical activity alone, or to a usual care group. Lifestyle was measured at baseline, and at 24–28 and 35–37 weeks of gestation. Outcome expectancy, risk perception, task self-efficacy and social support were measured at those same time points and considered as possible mediators of intervention effects on lifestyle. All three interventions resulted in increased positive outcome expectancy for GDM reduction, perceived risk to the baby and increased task self-efficacy. The latter mediated intervention effects on physical activity and reduced sugared drink consumption. In conclusion, our MI intervention was successful in increasing task self-efficacy, which was related to improved health behaviours.

scholarly journals Causes and consequences of uncertainty about illness risk perceptions

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1030-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Orom ◽  
Caitlin Biddle ◽  
Erika A Waters ◽  
Marc T Kiviniemi ◽  
Amanda N Sosnowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Risk Judgments ◽  
Risk Reducing ◽  
Lower Uncertainty ◽  
Potential Determinant

We identified determinants of uncertainty about perceived risk judgments and demonstrated that uncertainty is associated with lower engagement in risk-reducing behavior. We found that people likely have metacognitive awareness of when their judgments are overly pessimistic, resulting in uncertainty and that question context (more constraints) and people’s time orientation (future orientation) are associated with lower uncertainty. Uncertainty about conditioned risk judgments was associated with lower engagement in exercising and eating a healthy diet in order to reduce risk for heart disease. As a potential determinant of behavior, uncertainty about risk judgments merits further consideration for integration into theories of health behavior.

scholarly journals Mask wearing is associated with COVID-19 Prevalence, Risk, Stress, and Future Orientation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Guevara Beltran ◽  
Calvin Isch ◽  
Jessica Daphne Ayers ◽  
Joe Alcock ◽  
Jessica F. Brinkworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Lower Stress ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Consideration Of Future Consequences ◽  
The World ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Future Consequences

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing protective facial masks has become a divisive issue, yet little is known about what drives differences in mask wearing across individuals. We surveyed 711 people around the world, asking about mask wearing and several other variables. We found that people who reported greater perceived risk of infection, stress, and those with greater consideration of future consequences reported wearing masks more often during in-person interactions. Participants who knew more people who had been infected and those who lived in postal codes with higher prevalence of COVID-19 perceived their risk of infection to be higher and reported greater pandemic-related stress. Perceived risk of infection and pandemic-related stress were higher overall in women and those reporting greater future-orientedness. Finally, participants who were more politically conservative reported lower perceived risk of becoming infected and lower stress than those who were more liberal, but there was no reliable difference in mask wearing between these groups. This is the first of four papers investigating mask wearing using this data set; the forthcoming papers will focus on predicting attitudes and motivations about mask wearing, the situations in which people do and do not report wearing masks, and the extent to which people report mask wearing in their communities. This is part of a broader study to understand the psychological and social influences on mask wearing and, more broadly, the impacts of the pandemic on human behavior and social interactions.

Negative outcome expectancy promotes compulsive behaviour

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. S629-S630
Author(s):  
J. Luigjes ◽  
L.F. Fontenelle ◽  
G. Youssef ◽  
C. Greenwood ◽  
K. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Expectancy ◽  
Compulsive Behaviour ◽  
Negative Outcome

scholarly journals Conceptualizing and Measuring Risk Perceptions of Skin Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinayak K. Nahar ◽  
Michael A. Vice ◽  
M. Allison Ford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Perceived Seriousness ◽  
Comparative Risk ◽  
Negative Outcome

Background: Perceived risk is commonly conceived as a joint function of the perceived evaluations about the probability estimate of a negative outcome, and the perceived seriousness of the consequences of that negative outcome. Theories typically posit that once people perceive their vulnerability to health risks or outcomes, they form intentions to take preventive actions to reduce their risk. This theoretical proposition is not supported in skin cancer preventative behavior studies, which could be due to improper measurement of perceived risk. Purpose and Methods: The purpose of this manuscript was to assess how risk perception of skin cancer has been conceptualized and measured in the literature to date. Literature retrieval was facilitated through EBSCO, PubMed, PsycInfo, MEDLINE, and ERIC databases. Twenty potentially relevant articles were identified for this review. Results: In the literature, skin cancer risk has been operationalized in two ways: absolute risk and comparative risk. However, these measures have some serious limitations. For example, there is great uncertainty regarding the quality of risk perception measurements (i.e., whether the items used to measure perceived risk are reliable and valid). Future studies are warranted to better understand the significance of using conditional risk measures.

scholarly journals The effects of sex and outcome expectancies on perceptions of sexual harassment

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261409
Author(s):  
Shonagh Leigh ◽  
Andrew G. Thomas ◽  
Jason Davies
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Outcome Expectancy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Negative Outcome

Using an outcome expectancy framework, this research sought to understand sex differences in the underlying beliefs that influence harassment perception. One hundred and ninety-six participants (52% women) read a series of vignettes depicting common examples of digital male-on-female sexual harassment. They were asked to what extent they thought each scenario constituted sexual harassment, and how likely the perpetrator would experience positive and negative outcomes. Consistent with predictions, women were more likely to consider the behaviours as harassment than men were. Both sexes harassment perceptions had significant relationships with their outcome expectancies, but we also found evidence of a sex specific moderation; the link between men’s negative outcome expectancies was moderated by their positive ones. The results suggest that perceptions of harassment may have sexually asymmetrical underpinnings. Measuring the interplay between positive and negative outcome expectancies in relation to sexual harassment perception is a novel approach, that may have implications for the development of anti-sexual harassment interventions. Implications for theory and future research directions are discussed.

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