Surface Modification of Cellulose Microcrystalline with Aluminate Coupling Agent and Its Effects on Flame Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 2344-2352
Author(s):  
Minghang Wang ◽  
Quan Wu ◽  
Zhengyu Feng ◽  
Xiaoyu Gu ◽  
Hongfei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Coupling Agent

scholarly journals Effects of Combining Graphene Nanoplatelet and Phosphorous Flame Retardant as Additives on Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Nanocomposite

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2349
Author(s):  
Woranan Netkueakul ◽  
Beatrice Fischer ◽  
Christian Walder ◽  
Frank Nüesch ◽  
Marcel Rees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelet ◽  
Phosphorous Flame Retardant

The effects of combining 0.1–5 wt % graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) and 3–30 wt % phosphorous flame retardant, 9,10- dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) as fillers in epoxy polymer on the mechanical, flame retardancy, and electrical properties of the epoxy nanocomposites was investigated. GNP was homogeneously dispersed into the epoxy matrix using a solvent-free three-roll milling process, while DOPO was incorporated into the epoxy resin by mechanical stirring at elevated temperature. The incorporation of DOPO reduced the crosslinking density of the epoxy resin. When using polyetheramine as a hardener, the structural rigidity effect of DOPO overshadowed the crosslinking effect and governed the flexural moduli of epoxy/DOPO resins. The flexural moduli of the nanocomposites were improved by adding GNP up to 5 wt % and DOPO up to 30 wt %, whereas the flexural strengths deteriorated when the GNP and DOPO loading were higher than 1 wt % and 10 wt %, respectively. Limited by the adverse effects on mechanical property, the loading combinations of GNP and DOPO within the range of 0–1 wt % and 0–10 wt %, respectively, in epoxy resin were further studied. Flame retardancy index (FRI), which depended on three parameters obtained from cone calorimetry, was considered to evaluate the flame retardancy of the epoxy composites. DOPO showed better performance than GNP as the flame retardant additive, while combining DOPO and GNP could further improve FRI to some extent. With the combination of 0.5 wt % GNP and 10 wt % DOPO, improvement in both mechanical properties and flame retardant efficiency of the nanocomposite was observed. Such a combination did not affect the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites since the percolation threshold was at 1.6 wt % GNP. Our results enhance the understanding of the structure–property relationship of additive-filled epoxy resin composites and serve as a property constraining guidance for the composite manufacturing.

Effect of Coupling Agent on the Mechanical Properties of Flame Retardant PP/ATH Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimah A’thiyah Sabaruddin ◽  
Noorasikin Samat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
Moulding Machine ◽  
Mechanical Performances

Polymer nanocomposites containing polypropylene (PP) as the polymer matrix and nanofiller aluminium hydroxide (ATH) as the flame retardant filler were compounded with various loading of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, MAPP (0, 1, 2, 3, 5 wt %). All materials were mixed using melt mixing process and were further prepared using an injection moulding machine. The mechanical performances of the samples were characterized using tensile and impact tests. Improvements were observed for the tensile and impact properties of the PP/ATH samples after being loaded with MAPP. MAPP loading of 1 wt % was determined to be the optimum content of coupling agent addition as this loading enabled the best performance of the nanocomposite in tensile and impact tests. Different morphologies of the fracture surfaces for all samples were characterized using FESEM analysis.

scholarly journals Hybrid Biocomposites Based on Used Coffee Grounds and Epoxy Resin: Mechanical Properties and Fire Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tuan Anh Nguyen ◽  
Quang Tung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

Studies on using biomaterials hybridized with other materials to produce biomaterials have been paid more attention due to their low cost, abundance, renewability, and degradability. Therefore, these materials are ecofriendly and nontoxic to humans. A large number of used coffee grounds (SCGs) are often discarded and replacements are necessary for dealing with environmental problems. This work developed sustainable materials by reusing SCGs. Used coffee grounds were mixed with epoxy resin at different amounts: 30 wt %, 40 wt %, 50 wt %, and 60 wt %. SCGs were treated with 0.5 N NaOH, at SCGs/NaOH ratio of 1 : 2. SEM images showed that the material with 30 wt % SCGs has good compatibility without phase division on the SCGs-epoxy interface. Results of mechanical properties of epoxy composites with 30 wt % SCGs are as follows: tensile strength of 44.81 ± 10 MPa, flexural strength of 80.07 ± 0.16 MPa, compressive strength of 112.56 ± 0.11 MPa, and Izod strength and impact of 8.21 ± 0.19 kJ/m2. In terms of flame-retardant properties, the oxygen index is limited to 20.8% ± 0.20 and the burning rate according to UL94HB is 27.02 ± 0.29 mm/min. The obtained results indicate that it is possible to produce biohybrid composites from epoxy resin and SCGs. This work offers an ecofriendly alternative method to use the waste of the coffee industry. It contributes to improvements of the general characteristics of composites such as mechanical, thermal, and flame-retardant properties. This work proved that SCGs have a high potential to be used in a wide range of composite materials for civil engineering applications.

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