scholarly journals Vegetation Diversity of Screes and Taluses of The Pamir and South-Western Tian Shan in Middle Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Nowak ◽  
Sebastian Świerszcz ◽  
Sylwia Nowak ◽  
Marcin Nobis
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Middle Asia ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Tian Shan

AbstractThis paper presents the results of phytosociological research on scree vegetation of the Pamir and south-western Tian Shan. We collected 222 phytosociological relevés during field studies conducted in 2015–2019, applying the Braun-Blanquet approach. We identified 21 plant communities on mobile and stabilized screes of colluvial cones, aprons and fans, inhabiting mainly the montane and alpine belts in several ranges (e.g. Peter the First, Alichur, Shugnan, Shachdarian, Darvaz, Rushan, Vanch, Fergana, Kyrgyz and Terskey ranges). As a result we provide the first comprehensive hierarchical syntaxonomic synopsis of scree communities at montane and alpine elevations in the eastern Middle Asia. The collected vegetation relevés represent the majority of the variation among the phytocoenoses of gravel, pebble, cobble and rock block slides and screes in the montane and alpine belts. As a result of field studies and Twinspan analyses, nine associations were identified on screes of the Pamir and western Tian Shan. All these communities were assigned to the Sileno brahuicae-Lactucetalia orientalis Nowak et al. 2021. Additionally, within the nitrophilous compact gravel screes one subassociation of Corydalidetum kashgaricae trigonelletosum gontscharovii was distinguished. In the most arid zone two additional plant associations and one subassociation were identified in gravelly semi-deserts zone. The main factors determining the species composition of the studied associations are scree mobility, rock particle size, elevation above sea level and slope inclination. Our research revealed considerable diversity of scree habitats of montane and alpine belts what might be astonishing regarding harsh environment of this mountainous territory. However, a great number of lineages that evolved here and particularly rich species pool of this habitat in Middle Asia facilitate remarkable diversity among vegetation of taluses and screes. The distinctiveness of species composition is additionally enhanced by high degree of endemism of chasmophytic habitats in the eastern part of Middle Asia. Despite recent developments, the prominent chasmophytic vegetation of Middle Asia still needs thorough studies focused on its relationship to semi-desert, tall-forb and petrophytic communities of high mountains of the Pamir, Hindu-Kush, Kunlun and Central Tian Shan.

scholarly journals Vegetation of rock clefts and ledges in the Pamir Alai Mts, Tajikistan (Middle Asia)

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Nowak ◽  
Sylwia Nowak ◽  
Marcin Nobis ◽  
Agnieszka Nobis
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Middle Asia ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
Calcareous Rock ◽  
Narrow Endemics

AbstractThe paper presents the results of phytosociological research conducted on the vegetation of rock clefts and ledges in the Pamir-Alai Mountains (Tajikistan, Middle Asia). During the field studies, done in 2010–2012, 101 phytosociological relevés were taken. Plant species were recorded according to the Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance scale. Communities of calcareous rock clefts and ledges with small soil amounts from several ranges (Zeravshan Mts, Hissar Mts, Hazratishokh Mts, Darvaz Mts, Rushan Mts and Vanch Mts), inhabiting mainly the alpine and subnival zone, have been described. A synopsis of the rock communities of the Pamir-Alai is proposed. In the examined vegetation plots 77 vascular plant and 6 moss species were noted. The most frequent were: Achoriphragma pinnatifidum, Artemisia rutifolia, Asperula albiflora, Campanula incanescens, C. lehmanniana, Parietaria judaica, Pentanema albertoregelia, Poa relaxa and Stipa zeravshanica among vascular plants and Brachythecium albicans and Bryum caespiticum among mosses. Most of them are narrow endemics of Tajikistan or Middle Asia. The collected material presents most of the variability among the phytocoenoses of large crevices and rock ledges in limestone massifs in the alpine and subnival zones. As a result of field research and numerical analyses, 7 associations have been distinguished: Achoriphragmetum pinnatifidi, Asperulo albiflorae-Stipetum zeravshanicae, Inuletum glaucae, Paraquilegietum anemonoidis, Pentanemetum albertoregeliae, Rhinactinidietum popovii and Saussureaetum ovatae. The distinctiveness of habitat and species composition of Middle Asiatic rock communities makes it necessary to distinguish a new suballiance, Pentanemenion albertoregeliae, within the Asperulo albiflorae-Poion relaxae alliance. The main factors determining the species composition of classified associations seem to be the elevation above sea level and exposition. Alpine rock communities are one of the most unique and interesting plant formations in the moutainous areas of Pamir-Alai. Despite not being species-rich they often harbour many specialists adapted to harsh and extreme environments, especially in areas of Mediterranean-like climate.

Vegetation diversity of the two Dinaric karstic rivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Biologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anđelka Lasić ◽  
Nenad Jasprica
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés

AbstractPlant communities were studied along two oligotrophic karstic rivers – Trebižat and Lištica – from 2007 to 2009. Based on 93 phytosociological relevés, using Braun–Blanquet methods, a total of 25 plant associations were recognised in the rivers and nearby surveyed area. These associations have been subordinated to 11 alliances, eight orders and six classes:

scholarly journals Functional landscape of Sila Grande (Calabria, Italy): Vegetation dynamism and synphytosociology

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitar Uzunov ◽  
Carmen Gangale
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Bibliographic Analysis ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
Dynamics Of Vegetation

The aim of this presentation is to present practical problems related to the land management and biodiversity conservation, using methods of landscape analysis through approaches of synphytosociology. The study area was Sila Grande (Calabria, S Italy), for which an exhaustive bibliographic analysis was carried out and cartographic materials were collected. Spatial data and different themes were organized in a Geographic Information System (GIS), proceeding with a first segmentation (environmental patches identification) based on geomorphologic, geological land use, bioclimatic, etc. In addition, an analysis of mountainous plant communities was carried out, based on 1047 phytosociological relevés (554 original) in order to investigate paleo-geographic, ecological and anthropic factors that influence floral and vegetation diversity. Data from literature and field studies (1998–2013) have been critically analyzed in order to clarify the syntaxonomic position of the main vegetation types. Twenty-six new syntaxa (associations and subassociations) are proposed and an updated sintaxonomic scheme is presented. Querco-Fagetea and Molinio-Arrhenetheretea are the most represented classes in the area due to the bioclimatic factors. Wet communities (Isoeto-Nanojuncetea, Nardetea strictae, ScheuchzerioCaricetea fuscae, Montio-Cardaminetea and Littorelletea uniflorae) have a significant biogeographical importance due to a rich group of boreal species. This “Nordic imprint” of the flora, vegetation and landscape is of special interest and its peculiarities are analyzed from ecological and biogeographycal point of view. Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean elements prevail in the dry grasslands and shrublands. Some problems about the dynamics of vegetation are discussed such as the role of black pine communities and their relations with beech forests, trying also to provide clues for conservation strategies and management.

scholarly journals Dwarf shrub vegetation of rock ledges and clefts in the Pamir Alai Mountains (Middle Asia: Tajikistan)

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Nowak ◽  
Sylwia Nowak ◽  
Marcin Nobis ◽  
Agnieszka Nobis
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Dwarf Shrub ◽  
Rocky Slope ◽  
Middle Asia ◽  
Slope Vegetation ◽  
Main Factors

AbstractThe paper presents the results of phytosociological researches on rocky slope vegetation in Tajikistan with the aim to establish a comprehensive syntaxonomical classification system. Field studies were conducted in 2010-2014 in Pamir Alai ranges and Pamirian plateau. Nearly 500 relevés documenting rock and scree vegetation were made according to the Braun-Blanquet method. Numerical analyses of selected 58 relevés representing dwarf shrub vegetation on rock ledges made it possible to distinguish: Ephedro glaucae- Spiraeion baldschuanicae and Ephedrion regeliano-fedtschenkoi alliances, as well as Spiraeetum baldschuanicae, Rhamnetum coriaceae, Pentaphylloidetum parvifoliae and Pentaphylloidetum dryadanthoidis associations, community of Ephedra glauca and community of Rhamnus minuta. The classification of vegetation of dwarf shrubs on rock walls occurring in the Pamir Alai Mts is proposed. Because of the species composition, physiognomy and microhabitat conditions, the plant communities were included into Artemisio santolinifoliae- Berberidetea sibiricae class Ermakov et al. 2006. The main factors determining the species composition of the classified associations seem to be the elevation above sea level.The newly described syntaxa are largely defined by species restricted to very narrow ranges in Middle Asia.

The concept of local explosion in freshwater ecosystems

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 136-148
Author(s):  
I. V. Gryb
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Living Matter ◽  
Ecosystem Recovery ◽  
Average Temperature

The concept of an explosion in freshwater ecosystems as a result of the release of accumulated energy, accompanied by the destruction of the steady climax successions of hydrocenoses is presented. The typification of local explosions as well as methods for assessing their risk during the development of river basins are shown. The change in atmospheric circulation, impaired phases of the hydrological regime of rivers, increasing the average temperature of the planet, including in Polesie to 0,6 ºC, deforestation leads to concentration and release of huge amounts of unmanaged terrestrial energy, which manifests itself in the form of disasters and emergencies. Hydroecological explosion is formed as a result of multifactorial external influence (natural and anthropogenic) on the water body in a certain period of time. Moreover, its level at wastewater discharge depends on the mass of recycled impurities and behaved processing capacity of the reservoir, and the mass of dumped on biocides and the possibility of the water flow to their dilution and to the utilization of non-toxic concentrations. In all these cases the preservation of "centers of life" in the tributaries of the first order – local fish reproduction areas contributed to ecosystem recovery, and the entire ecosystem has evolved from equilibrium to non-equilibrium with further restructuring after the explosion and environmental transition to a new trophic level. It means that hydroecological explosion can be researched as the logical course of development of living matter in abiotic environmental conditions, ending abruptly with the formation of new species composition cenoses and new bio-productivity. The buffer capacity of the water environment is reduced due to re-development and anthropic transformation of geobiocenoses of river basins, which leads to a weakening of life resistance. This applies particularly to the southern industrial regions of Ukraine, located in the arid zone that is even more relevant in the context of increased average temperature due to the greenhouse effect, as well as to Polesie (Western, Central and Chernihiv), had been exposed to large-scale drainage of 60-80th years, which contributed to the degradation of peatlands and fitostroma. Imposing the western trace of emissions from the Chernobyl accident to these areas had created the conditions of prolonged hydroecological explosion in an intense process of aging water bodies, especially lakes, change in species composition of fish fauna and the occurrence of neoplasms at the organismal level. Under these conditions, for the existence of man and the environment the vitaukta should be strengthened, i.e. buffer resistance and capacitance the aquatic environment, bioefficiency on the one hand and balanced using the energy deposited - on the other. This will restore the functioning of ecosystems "channel-floodplain", "riverbed-lake", reducing the energy load on the aquatic environment. Hydroecological explosions of natural origin can not be considered a pathology – it is a jump process of natural selection of species of biota. Another thing, if they are of anthropogenic origin and if the magnitude of such an impact is on the power of geological factors. Hydroecological explosions can be regarded as a manifestation of environmental wars that consciously or unconsciously, human society is waging against themselves and their kind in the river basins, so prevention of entropy increase in the aquatic environment and the prevention of hydroecological explosions is a matter of human survival. While the man - is not the final link in the development of living matter, it can develop without him, as matter is eternal, and the forms of its existence are different.

Productivity of binary herbage based on non-traditional forage crops in the Upper Volga region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Shmeleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
The Upper Volga Region

The article presents the results of field studies aimed at expanding the species composition of herbs and the search for adaptive cereals with a high sugar content in the Upper Volga region in 2015-2020.

Socio-Economic Differences Control Species Composition of Urban Gardens in a Metropolitan Area of Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
VERONICA SPESCHA ◽  
EZEQUIEL ARÁOZ
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Socioeconomic Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Ecological Attributes ◽  
Main Factors

Abstract Human population is becoming increasingly more urbanized, and in that context private gardens contribute to biodiversity and to access to ecosystem services in cities. The urbanized landscape reflects social, economic and cultural differences of the population, which affect the patterns of urban biodiversity. Socioeconomic level is one of the main factors that spatially structure cities, for which it likely influences several attributes of gardens. In this study we characterized urban vegetation diversity in 50 private gardens of an urban agglomerate of Argentina, Gran San Miguel de Tucumán. We aimed to determine which variables control ecological attributes of gardens. We used socioeconomic indicators obtained from the 2010 Nacional Population and Households Census, and data obtained through a survey to garden owners. Our study suggests that species composition of gardens responds to socioeconomic conditions, which might be linked to the exchange of species as the main method to obtain plants and to strengthen social bonds by belonging to a similar socioeconomic level rather than neighborhood or geographic distance. Based on our analyses, gardens in areas with higher socioeconomic level were larger. Species richness and socioeconomic level of gardens were not significantly associated, and species diversity was related to garden age, with older gardens being more diverse.

Developments in pesticide application for the small-scale farmer in the tropics

1981 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
G A Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Peasant Farmer ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Spinning Disc ◽  
Small Scale Farmer

Hydraulic sprayers, which have reached a high degree of sophistication, have long been seen as inappropriate for use in many countries where crops are most at risk from pest, disease and weed competition. ULV application by spinning-disc sprayer may have overcome problems of inadequate water supply, but, for many, costs are still too high. Recent developments in electrostatic sprayers could remove this final constraint to adequate crop protection for the peasant farmer.

scholarly journals Contribution to the knowledge on supralittoral macroinvertebrates of the northwestern Black Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Boris Linetskii ◽  
Mikhail O. Son ◽  
Alexander V. Koshelev
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Iucn Categories ◽  
Orchestia Montagui ◽  
Melarhaphe Neritoides

A checklist of the northwestern Black Sea supralittoral fauna is presented. It includes 18 species: Ophelia bicornis, Namanereis pontica, Cryptorchestia cf. garbinii, Deshayesorchestia deshayesii, Orchestia montagui, Orchestia gammarellus, Orchestia montagui, Armadilloniscus ellipticus, Halophiloscia cf. couchii, Ligia italica, Tylos ponticus, Chthamalus stellatus, Microeuraphia depressa, Thalassomyia frauenfeldi, Donacilla cornea, Myosotella myosotis, Truncatella subcylindrica, and Melarhaphe neritoides. This paper provides distribution maps for this species in the northwestern Black Sea, based on field studies. The changes that occurred in species composition are discussed. The regional IUCN categories are proposed.

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