Biocontrol of moth pests in apple orchards: Preliminary field study of application potential for mass trapping

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwan-Seok Choi ◽  
Geun-Joong Kim ◽  
Hyun-Jae Shin
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Application Potential

Diversity and abundance of arthropod by-catch in semiochemical-baited traps targeting apple clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in organic and conventional apple orchards in British Columbia, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Marius Aurelian ◽  
Maya L. Evenden ◽  
Gary J.R. Judd
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Industry ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Clearwing Moth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
By Catch

AbstractApple clearwing moth (ACM),Synanthedon myopaeformis(Borkhausen) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is an invasive species and destructive pest of commercial apple trees in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Mass trapping with Concord grape juice and sex pheromone is being developed as an organic pest management tactic. We quantified the diversity and abundance of arthropod by-catch in these traps during the 2009 flight (13 June–31 July) of ACM. Paired traps were deployed in organic and conventionally managed apple orchards planted using different tree densities representing the extremes of the current BC apple industry. Using seasonal by-catch and community-level statistical analyses we determined that family communities of arthropods caught in juice-baited and pheromone-baited traps differed significantly. Yellow juice-baited traps caught a greater variety of arthropod families in greater abundance than pheromone-baited yellow Unitraps®. We show that for each trap type, family communities caught in organic versus conventional orchards were significantly different. Organic orchard management affected abundance of some beneficial taxa, but the sign of the difference depended on the taxon examined (e.g., ladybeetles increased versus lacewings declined). Tree density had no effect on by-catch. Managing ACM by mass trapping may be detrimental to ecosystem services because many nontarget beneficial species are caught. A balanced risk-to-benefit approach should be taken before this technology is widely implemented against ACM.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficacy of Sex Pheromones and Food Attractants Used to Monitor and Control Synanthedon Myopaeformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1575-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Kocourek ◽  
Jitka Stará
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Food Attractants ◽  
Tree Injury ◽  
And Control

Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen, 1789) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) is a prominent pest of commercial apple orchards in Europe. the sex pheromones of S. myopaeformis and food attractants based on apple juice, beer and red wine were evaluated as tools for monitoring and control the populations of S. myopaeformis in apple orchards in the Czech Republic. For monitoring S. myopaeformis flight activity, trap designs were also evaluated, and the results indicated that wing traps were more suitable than delta traps because of their high efficacy even at low population densities of S. myopaeformis. The flight activity patterns of S. myopaeformis showed high intrapopulation variability and variability between years. The use of pheromones as a mating disruption technique led to a decrease of tree injury in comparison to untreated controls during the three years of the experiment. The reduction of the number of S. myopaeformis larvae per tree on a 14-ha plot treated subjected to the mating disruption technique reached 56 % in the third year of the experiment. In the three-year experiment using food attractants for the mass trapping of S. myopaeformis, catches of S. myopaeformis in traps using a combination of beer and apple juice (50:50) at a density of 4 traps/ha on a 4-ha plot increased more than 4-fold.

scholarly journals Monitoring Chilecomadia valdiviana (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) Using Sex Pheromone-Baited Traps in Apple Orchards in Chile

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Wilson Barros-Parada ◽  
Eduardo Fuentes-Contreras ◽  
Jan Bergmann ◽  
Heidy Herrera ◽  
Takeshi Kinsho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Trap Location ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Chilecomadia valdiviana (Philippi) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) is a native xylophagous pest in apple orchards in Chile. A series of experiments evaluated the efficacy of trap type, sex pheromone (Z7,Z10-16:Ald) dose, and trap location in the apple tree canopy on trap catch of male adults. Bucket traps (6 L), with and without roof and cross vane spacers, together with bucket traps (20 L) without roof and spacers, showed higher catches among the four types of traps evaluated. In a second experiment, the UNI-trap and Delta trap showed higher catches than Multipher, wing, and bucket traps (6 L). Male catches were not affected by height when tested at 0, 1.5, and 3 m in the canopy. A 300 µg dose of Z7,Z10-16:Ald showed higher catch than the control treatment. This dose allowed monitoring of male flight of C. valdiviana for at least five weeks in apple orchards in Chile. Based on relative trap costs, we propose the use of 6 L bucket traps for male mass trapping, while Delta traps can be used for monitoring of male flight. We found that male flight of C. valdiviana occurred mainly from mid-August to late November, reaching its maximum in mid-September.

Development of kairomone-based lures and traps targeting Spilonota ocellana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple orchards treated with sex pheromones

2017 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J.R. Judd ◽  
Alan. L. Knight ◽  
Ashraf M. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Sex Pheromones ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Release Devices

AbstractSpilonota ocellana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) can be a serious pest of organic apples (Malus domestica Borkhausen (Rosaceae)) in British Columbia, Canada. Recent discovery that S. ocellana moths are attracted by a lure combining acetic acid (AA) and benzyl nitrile (BN), identified as a caterpillar-induced apple leaf volatile, provides an opportunity to develop bisexual mass-trapping or monitoring systems. Sticky white delta traps baited with benzyl nitrile (10 mg/red rubber septum) and an acetic-acid co-lure (3 mL AA/3-mm open 8-mL vial) caught significantly more moths than either component alone. Acetic-acid co-lures were weakly attractive but benzyl-nitrile-loaded septa were not attractive. Moth catches with AA+BN lures were unaffected by the size and type of rubber septum used to release benzyl nitrile, but catches increased with increasing loads of benzyl nitrile. Male and total moth catches were maximised using membrane release devices loaded with a mixture of benzyl nitrile and a second caterpillar-induced volatile, 2-phenylethanol (PET), in combination with an acetic-acid co-lure (AA+BN-PET). Female catches with AA+BN-PET and AA+BN lures were equivalent. Placing AA+BN lures in traps baited with female sex pheromone lures reduced male catches, but female catches were unchanged. When sticky liners were replaced weekly, white delta traps baited with AA+BN lures caught more moths than similarly baited white Multipher®-I bucket traps, or transparent UnitrapsTM. Multipher-I traps with a propylene glycol killing agent (250 mL) caught more moths than those with Vapona insecticide strips. In apple orchards treated with mating disruption sex pheromones, traps baited with AA+BN caught slightly more total moths than traps baited with sex pheromone. Weekly, total male+female moth catches with either AA+BN or sex pheromone lures showed similar seasonal patterns in both untreated and pheromone-disrupted orchards, respectively. Long-lasting release devices and an organic killing agent are needed to develop certified organic mass-trapping technologies for management of S. ocellana with the AA+BN kairomone.

Mass trapping is a viable alternative to insecticides for management of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in apple orchards in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 105391
Author(s):  
Paloma Stupp ◽  
Ruben Machota Junior ◽  
Tais Dalla Nora Cardoso ◽  
Aline Costa Padilha ◽  
Andrey Hoffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus

The Feasibility of Photovoltaic Pumping System For Apple Orchards Irrigation in Loess Plateau

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Sun ◽  
Xining Zhao ◽  
Xuerui Gao ◽  
Yubao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Western China ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Application Potential

<p>Rainwater collection and utilization is a common method to relieve soil water pressure in dry dryland orchards. Due to relatively low levels of economic development and population distribution, these areas are unable to develop electricity or import large amounts of energy, resulting in rainwater harvesting often not being fully utilized. Photovoltaic (PV) pumping system is an effective way to ensure the sustainable utilization of soil water in apple orchards. In order to explore the application potential of PV pumping system in the apple suitable area of the loess plateau, this study simulates the rainwater collection amount and the orchard water demand change process in typical hydrological years and conducts a feasibility analysis of the PV pumping system from both technical and economic perspectives. The results found that the precipitation from June to October could not meet the water requirement of the growth of apple tree in the demonstration orchard and the total annual water demand reaches 170 m³. Fortunately, the local solar energy resources can basically meet the demand for solar energy in the PV pumping irrigation system, which ensures sufficiently irrigation water for the apple trees grow. After the completion of the PV pumping irrigation system, the income from the increase in fresh grass production in the demonstration area will reach 8019 CNY/year. The ratio of investment to income is 1:3.0. The investment recovery period is 4 years and it has good economic feasibility. Finally, using spatial geographic information technology, the apple-adapted area is systematically matched with the most suitable planting area for solar irrigation. The land area suitable for solar technology irrigation accounts for 47.6% of the total area, showing promising prospects to be popularized in Western China at large scale.</p><p>KEY WORDS: photovoltaic pumping System; Loess plateau; economic benefit; application potential; Apple orchards</p>

scholarly journals Pesticide exposure of workers in apple growing in France

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Bureau ◽  
Béatrix Béziat ◽  
Geoffroy Duporté ◽  
Valérie Bouchart ◽  
Yannick Lecluse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Work Characteristics ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
External Contamination ◽  
Hail Net

Abstract Objective Although apple trees are heavily sprayed, few studies have assessed the pesticide exposure of operators and workers in apple orchards. However, these data are crucial for assessing the health impact of such exposures. The aim of this study was to measure pesticide exposure in apple growing according to tasks and body parts. Methods A non-controlled field study was conducted in apple orchards in 4 regions of France during the 2016 and 2017 treatment seasons. Workers’ external contamination and their determinants were assessed over 156 working days corresponding to 30 treatment days, 68 re-entry days and 58 harvesting days. We measured pesticide dermal contamination during each task and made detailed observations of work characteristics throughout the day. Captan and dithianon were used as markers of exposure. Results The median dermal contamination per day was 5.50 mg of captan and 3.33 mg of dithianon for operators, 24.39 mg of captan and 1.84 mg of dithianon for re-entry workers, and 5.82 mg of captan and 0.74 mg of dithianon for harvesters. Thus, workers performing re-entry tasks, especially thinning and anti-hail net opening, presented higher contamination, either equal to or higher than in operators. For these last ones, mixing/loading and equipment cleaning were the most contaminating tasks. Most of the contamination was observed on workers’ hands in all tasks, except for net-opening in which their heads accounted for the most daily contamination. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of taking indirect exposures into account during re-entry work in apple growing.

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