scholarly journals Distribution of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin during experimental feeding of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolo Piacenza ◽  
Florian Kaltner ◽  
Ronald Maul ◽  
Manfred Gareis ◽  
Karin Schwaiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Food Law ◽  
Experimental Feeding

Abstract Within the European Union (EU), edible insects need to be approved as “Novel Food” according to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 and must comply with the requirements of European food law with regard to microbiological and chemical food safety. Substrates used for feeding insects are susceptible to the growth of Fusarium spp. and consequently to contamination with trichothecene mycotoxins. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the influence of T-2 and HT-2 toxins on the larval life cycle of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor (L.)) and to study the transfer of T-2, HT-2, T-2 triol and T-2 tetraol in the larvae. In a 4-week feeding study, T. molitor larvae were kept either on naturally (oat flakes moulded with Fusarium sporotrichioides) or artificially contaminated oat flakes, each at two levels (approximately 100 and 250 μg/kg total T-2 and HT-2). Weight gain and survival rates were monitored, and mycotoxins in the feeding substrates, larvae and residues were determined using LC-MS/MS. Larval development varied between the diets and was 44% higher for larvae fed artificially contaminated diets. However, the artificially contaminated diets had a 16% lower survival rate. No trichothecenes were detected in the surviving larvae after harvest, but T-2 and HT-2 were found both in the dead larvae and in the residues of naturally and artificially contaminated diets.

scholarly journals Feeding study for the mycotoxin zearalenone in yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae—investigation of biological impact and metabolic conversion

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Niermans ◽  
Jan Woyzichovski ◽  
Nina Kröncke ◽  
Rainer Benning ◽  
Ronald Maul
Keyword(s):  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Biological Impact ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Metabolic Conversion ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor Larvae

Biosynthesis and Secretion of Serine Peptidase SerP38 from Tenebrio molitor in the Yeast Komagataella kurtzmanii

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
P.I. Akentyev ◽  
I.I. Gubaidullin ◽  
N.I. Zhiganov ◽  
V.F. Tereshchenkova ◽  
E.N. Elpidina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Enzyme Secretion ◽  
Trypsin Treatment ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Serine Peptidase

A strain of the Komagataella kurtzmanii yeast, a producer of recombinant peptidase SerP38 from the yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor, has been obtained. The level of the pro-enzyme secretion was 20-50 mg/L. It was shown that, during secretion in yeast, the target His6-tagged protein was produced in two forms. One of them was a monomer that was efficiently purified by Ni-NTA chromatography and then activated with trypsin. Another form accumulated in the culture medium as oligomers prone to aggregation in the presence of Ni2+ ions and was not activated by trypsin treatment. Aggregation is likely the result of incorrect folding of the polypeptide chain. Tenebrio molitor, S1 family serine peptidase, SerP38, yeast, Komagataella kurtzmanii, ion-dependent aggregation

scholarly journals Graded Incorporation of Defatted Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Diet Improves Growth Performance and Nutrient Retention

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Rema ◽  
Subramanian Saravanan ◽  
Benjamin Armenjon ◽  
Constant Motte ◽  
Jorge Dias
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Insects are emerging as a sustainable alternative to fishmeal and fish oil in aquafeeds. This study assessed the effect of graded incorporation levels of defatted yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) protein meal on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth performance, body composition, and apparent nutrient digestibility. The trial comprised five dietary treatments: control diet with 25% fishmeal, and four experimental diets with yellow mealworm protein meal at 5%, 7.5%, 15%, or 25%, which corresponded to a fishmeal replacement of 20%, 30%, 60%, or 100%, respectively. After 90 days, the graded incorporation of insect protein meal led to a significant stepwise increase in final body weight, and a significant improvement of specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio compared to the control treatment. Regardless of the incorporation level, the insect protein meal had no effects on fish whole-body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, fat, phosphorus, and energy. Protein, phosphorus, and energy retention significantly increased in fish fed the diets with an insect protein meal. In conclusion, the yellow mealworm protein meal could effectively replace 100% of fishmeal in the diet of juvenile rainbow trout with positive effects on its overall zootechnical performance.

Acute de novo Leukemia in Estonia and Western Sweden 1982-2006: Positive Trend in the Survival of Acute Leukemia over 25 Years

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Hulegårdh ◽  
Mari Punab ◽  
Erik Holmberg ◽  
Katrin Palk ◽  
Edward Laane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

This study focuses on the incidence, treatment, and survival of de novo acute leukemia in a 25-year perspective in western Sweden and Estonia. At the beginning of our study, Estonia was a part of the Eastern bloc with planned economy, but since 1991 it is a member of the European Union and transforming into a market economy. Survival rates have steadily increased in both countries. However, a gap between their survival curves remains. Based on our data, it is difficult to explain the big difference in the 5-year relative survival in favor of western Sweden (55 vs. 22%). In Germany, there was a big difference in overall cancer survival between East and West Germany after the fall of the iron curtain, but today no difference is seen. Differences in survival are probably due to a higher proportion of intense chemotherapy regimens and a higher rate of hematopoietic stem cell transplantations in Sweden. Other important factors might be better supportive care and diagnostics as well as better adjuvant therapy. Better staff training and conditions in wards are also factors that might play an essential role.

Effects of vacuum and multiflash drying on the microbiota and colour of dried yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
R.E.Y. Seho ◽  
R.L. Monteiro ◽  
J. De Dea Lindner ◽  
M. Miotto ◽  
B.A.M. Carciofi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
High Water ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Food And Feed

Larvae of Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm; YM) are an alternative to conventional animal protein as food and feed thanks to their high nutritional value and low environmental impact for production. Since some studies have reported high water activity (aw) with different microbial contamination levels, blanching and drying can be employed to reduce microbial load, enzymatic activity, moisture content, and water activity, ensuring safety and preserving YM for longer periods. This study applied rinsing or blanching followed by vacuum- or multiflash drying, aiming to preserve YM by reducing aw and the microbial load, enabling its use as food and feed. The processing impact on YM colour was evaluated, and they were also subjected to an Escherichia coli contaminated wheat bran to perform a challenge test to evaluate the effectiveness of the decontamination. Drying curves were determined for each situation. Multiflash drying procedure was faster than vacuum drying for reducing YM moisture. Additionally, blanched samples required a shorter period to reach the targeted water activity (0.2-0.3) than rinsed samples. Blanching plus vacuum drying reduced more than 5 log E. coli load in YM in the challenge test. Vacuum drying preserved YM brightness the most. In conclusion, this study showed that drying could provide shelf-stable YM. Besides, only 15 s of blanching before drying gives better brightness and leads to a greater microbial reduction after a relatively short drying time.

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