yellow mealworm
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Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3094
Author(s):  
Letlhogonolo Selaledi ◽  
Josephine Baloyi ◽  
Christian Mbajiorgu ◽  
Amenda Nthabiseng Sebola ◽  
Henriette de Kock ◽  
...  

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) meal inclusion in diets of indigenous chickens. A total of 160 mixed-sex indigenous Boschveld chickens were randomly divided into four categories: control soybean meal (SBM) and yellow mealworm with percentage levels of 5, 10 and 15 (TM5, TM10 and TM15, respectively). Five replicate pens per treatment were used, with eight birds per pen/replicate. On day 60, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered and eviscerated. Meat quality parameters were measured out on raw carcass and cooked breast meat. The carcass weight, breast weight and gizzard weight of the control group was higher (p < 0.05) than the treatment group (TM15). The cooking loss was lower (p < 0.05) in the SBM control group but higher in the TM15 group. Colour characteristics of breast meat before cooking was lighter in the TM10 and TM15 group, ranged from 61.7 to 69.3 for L* and was significant (p < 0.05). The TM10 and TM15 groups showed a lighter colour than the SBM and TM5 groups. The breast meat pH taken after slaughter was different (p < 0.05) in TM5 and TM15, with the highest reading (pH 6.0) in the TM5 group. In conclusion, our experiment indicated that dietary Tenebrio molitor in growing Boschveld indigenous chickens’ diets could be considered a promising protein source for Boschveld indigenous chickens.


Author(s):  
C. Ochoa-Sanabria ◽  
D. Duhra ◽  
R. Newkirk ◽  
F. Buchanan ◽  
D. Beaulieu

This study aimed to determine if ergot alkaloids (EA) would accumulate in yellow mealworm larvae (YML, Tenebrio molitor) when present in their diets and investigate effects on production and survival. Larvae were reared on one of four diets: a control, low, medium, and high containing 63, 3,863, 8,471 and 15,316 μg/kg total EA, respectively. Each diet had five replicates with 150 YML per replicate totalling 3,000 for the 21-day trial. Initial and final weights of the feed and larvae were collected. Ergot alkaloid concentrations in YML at d 21 were 32.6, 94.0 and 155.5 μg/kg in the low, medium, and high treatments respectively, with none detected in those fed the control diet. The frass from YML fed the control, low, medium and high diets contained 18, 364, 1,094, and 1,424 μg/kg total EA, respectively. Feed intake was reduced in larvae fed the low, medium and high treatments relative to the control at 23.3-24.9 g/21 d compared to 30.1 g in the control (P=0.02). Feed-to-gain ratios, average daily gain, and final body weights did not differ among treatments (P>0.05). The larvae did not display any preference for diets when allowed to choose between the four diets (P>0.05). Larvae accumulated only low levels of EA from their diets and although feed intake was depressed, growth was maintained. Further research is required to determine the safety of yellow mealworm reared on EA-contaminated diets.


2021 ◽  
pp. 104487
Author(s):  
Daylan A. Tzompa-Sosa ◽  
Koen Dewettinck ◽  
Xavier Gellynck ◽  
Joachim J. Schouteten

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2744
Author(s):  
Runa Thrastardottir ◽  
Hildur Thora Olafsdottir ◽  
Ragnheidur Inga Thorarinsdottir

Insects are part of the diet of over 2 billion people worldwide; however, insects have not been popular in Europe, neither as food nor as a feed ingredient. This has been changing in recent years, due to increased knowledge regarding the nutritional benefits, the need for novel protein production and the low environmental impact of insects compared to conventional protein production. The purpose of this study is to give an overview of the most popular insects farmed in Europe, yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, and black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, together with the main obstacles and risks. A comprehensive literature study was carried out and 27 insect farming companies found listed in Europe were contacted directly. The results show that the insect farming industry is increasing in Europe, and the success of the frontrunners is based on large investments in technology, automation and economy of scale. The interest of venture capital firms is noticeable, covering 90% of the investment costs in some cases. It is concluded that insect farming in Europe is likely to expand rapidly in the coming years, offering new proteins and other valuable products, not only as a feed ingredient, but also for human consumption. European regulations have additionally been rapidly changing, with more freedom towards insects as food and feed. There is an increased knowledge regarding safety concerns of edible insects, and the results indicate that edible insects pose a smaller risk for zoonotic diseases than livestock. However, knowledge regarding risk posed by edible insects is still lacking, but food and feed safety is essential to put products on the European market.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3539
Author(s):  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Tingting Su ◽  
Jingjing Zhao ◽  
Zhanyong Wang

Plastic waste pollution and its difficult degradation process have aroused widespread concern. Research has demonstrated that the larvae of Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm), Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth), and Zophobas atratus (superworm) possess a biodegradation ability for polystyrene (PS) within the gut microbiota of these organisms. In this study, the difference in PS degradation and the changes of the gut microbiota were compared before and after feeding PS. The results showed that superworm had the strongest PS consumption capacity and the highest survival rate during the 30 d experiment period. They all could degrade PS to different degrees. Superworm showed the highest ability to degrade PS into low-molecular-weight substances, while yellow mealworm depolymerized PS strongly by destroying the benzene ring. The changes of the intestinal microbiome caused by feeding PS showed that after ingesting PS, there was a decrease in community diversity in superworm and yellow mealworm, but an increase in greater wax moth. Meanwhile, Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae, found in all three species’ larvae upon 20 d of PS feeding, might play an important role in PS degradation. The results will provide more accurate PS degradation comparative data of the three species’ larvae and theoretical guidance for further research on the efficient PS biodegradations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 854 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
Antonella Dalle Zotte

Abstract The development of sustainable feed ingredients for monogastric livestock is now also considering insect products. Although the regulation on the use of insect products differs among countries, resulting in restrictions on use in poultry diets, global research is exploring all the strengths and weaknesses of their inclusion. The scientific literature has extensively studied the relationship between insect-containing diet and effects on ante-mortem factors in fish and poultry, however the relationship between insect-containing diet and meat quality has only recently been considered. This review aims to collect the results of the studies that have related the dietary use of some insect species, such as the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and the silkworm (Bombyx mori), on the physicochemical and sensory traits of poultry meat. The insect source in poultry diets rarely changed the related physicochemical variables or the sensory profile of the meat, whereas the fatty acid (FA) profile was the variable that was most affected, and inclusion of black soldier fly always resulted in meats with a more saturated FA profile, yellow mealworm in a more monounsaturated FA profile, whereas silkworm produced meat with a more unsaturated FA profile, rich in valuable omega-3 FA.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
D. Duhra ◽  
F. Buchanan ◽  
R. Newkirk ◽  
K. Schwean-Lardner

This study determined if yellow mealworm larvae (YML) grown on deoxynivalenol (DON) contaminated wheat would affect broiler chicken performance. The YML were reared on wheat with low (LDW; 630 μg/kg) or high (HDW; 30,730 μg/kg) DON concentrations. The DON concentrations in the dried insect meals were 0 or 17.5 μg/kg for YML grown on LDW and HDW, respectively. Seventy-five male Ross 708 broilers were randomly placed into 15 cages and reared on one of three diets from day 1-35 (five replications/treatment). On day 14, broiler numbers were reduced to four per cage. The diets consisted of a control containing no YML meal (CD) and two diets containing 5% YML meal produced on either LDW (LMD) or HDW (HMD). Feed intake and body weight (BW) were measured over the duration of the experiment to calculate feed to gain ratio (F:G). On day 35, all birds were slaughtered and dissected to collect weights of the breasts, thighs, drums, wings, abdominal fat pads, and organs. Crude protein retention was higher in birds fed the LMD and HMD treatments compared to CD (P=0.0091). Dry matter retention was higher in the HMD diet compared to the CD and LMD diets (P=0.0046). Feed intake was lower in birds fed HMD compared to CD and LMD (P=0.0031) although final BW was not reduced. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of YML did not affect the growth, meat yield or organ weights of the birds. The YML reared on DON-contaminated wheat (up to 30,730 ug/kg) and included in broiler diets at 5% could be an effective means of converting salvage wheat into a safe and sustainable source of protein.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Evangelia Eleftheriou ◽  
Jean-Marc Aury ◽  
Benoît Vacherie ◽  
Benjamin Istace ◽  
Caroline Belser ◽  
...  

Background: The yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, is a promising alternative protein source for animal and human nutrition and its farming involves relatively low environmental costs. For these reasons, its industrial scale production started this century. However, to optimize and breed sustainable new T. molitor lines, the access to its genome remains essential. Methods: By combining Oxford Nanopore and Illumina Hi-C data, we constructed a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of T. molitor. Then, we combined RNA-seq data and available coleoptera proteomes for gene prediction with GMOVE. Results: We produced a high-quality genome with a N50 = 21.9Mb with a completeness of 99.5% and predicted 21,435 genes with a median size of 1,780 bp. Gene orthology between T. molitor and Tribolium castaneaum showed a highly conserved synteny between the two coleoptera. Conclusions: The present genome will greatly help fundamental and applied research such as genetic breeding and will contribute to the sustainable production of the yellow mealworm.


Author(s):  
Sara Bellezza Oddon ◽  
Ilaria Biasato ◽  
Arianna Imarisio ◽  
Miha Pipan ◽  
Dominik Dekleva ◽  
...  

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