scholarly journals On the people counting problem in smart homes: undirected graphs and theoretical lower-bounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Giaretta ◽  
Amy Loutfi
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Undirected Graph ◽  
Independent Set ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
Independent Sets ◽  
Active Sensors ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Counting Problem ◽  
The People

AbstractSmart homes of the future will have to deal with multi-occupancy scenarios. Multi-occupancy systems entail a preliminary and critical feature: the capability of counting people. This can be fulfilled by means of simple binary sensors, cheaper and more privacy preserving than other sensors, such as cameras. However, it is currently unclear how many people can be counted in a smart home, given the set of available sensors. In this paper, we propose a graph-based technique that allows to map a smart home to an undirected graph G and discover the lower-bound of certainly countable people, also defined as certain count. We prove that every independent set of n vertices of an undirected graph G represents a minimum count of n people. We also prove that the maximum number of certainly countable people corresponds to the maximum independent sets of G, and that the maximal independent sets of G provide every combination of active sensors that ensure different minimum count. Last, we show how to use this technique to identify and optimise suboptimal deployment of sensors, so that the assumptions can be tightened and the theoretical lower-bound improved.

scholarly journals Security management in smart home environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Gladence ◽  
Maria Anu V ◽  
Revathy S ◽  
Jeyanthi P
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
Automatic Process ◽  
Police Station ◽  
The People ◽  
Smart Home Environment ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Cctv Camera

Abstract A Smart Home Environment (SHE) comprises various luxurious things which makes us very comfortable to live our lives happily and securely. The only problem that smart homes are facing is “SECURITY”. Security for smart homes is the biggest task to achieve. For this purpose, this work is to build a product that provides the security for the smart homes automatically when the crime is going to happen. In general case, if any crime had taken place in any smart home, the general procedure of investigation will take place i.e. the people will complain to the police and the police will visit the place and after that he will observe the surroundings clearly. In order to pull up the clues if any, he will watch the CCTV footage, consult the nearby people in-order to draw some facts and then FIR will be filed. In order to get rid of this time-consuming process, the automatic crime detection is proposed. Here malware practices are identified, when a person attempts crime activity. This type of automatic process of detection of crime will ensure a complete security for the smart homes. We will track the CCTV camera pictures when the thief is trying to commit a crime and the information along with the pictures will be sent to the fog server and the fog server will analyze whether the person is doing crime or not. In case if a fog server had identified the person as a crime person or a thief then it automatically sends the information to the near- by police station and as well as owners of the house and then provides security for the smart homes

scholarly journals On Some Conjectures Concerning Critical Independent Sets of a Graph

10.37236/5580 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Short
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Independence Number ◽  
Independent Set ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Independent Sets ◽  
Simple Graph ◽  
Vertex Set ◽  
The Difference

Let $G$ be a simple graph with vertex set $V(G)$. A set $S\subseteq V(G)$ is independent if no two vertices from $S$ are adjacent. For $X\subseteq V(G)$, the difference of $X$ is $d(X) = |X|-|N(X)|$ and an independent set $A$ is critical if $d(A) = \max \{d(X): X\subseteq V(G) \text{ is an independent set}\}$ (possibly $A=\emptyset$). Let $\text{nucleus}(G)$ and $\text{diadem}(G)$ be the intersection and union, respectively, of all maximum size critical independent sets in $G$. In this paper, we will give two new characterizations of Konig-Egervary graphs involving $\text{nucleus}(G)$ and $\text{diadem}(G)$. We also prove a related lower bound for the independence number of a graph. This work answers several conjectures posed by Jarden, Levit, and Mandrescu.

scholarly journals DEEP LEARNING BASED MASK DETECTION IN SMART HOME ENTRIES DURING THE EPIDEMIC PROCESS

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-4/W3-2020 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
B. Cerit ◽  
R. Bayir
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
Illumination Level ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Control Card ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

Abstract. In this study, "smart home" systems were designed against Covid-19 virus, which negatively affects life all over the world, and viruses that may become epidemics later. Our homes need to be more hygienic and safe than yesterday. One of these hygiene rules is the masks that cover our nose and mouth. It is very important to use a mask to prevent further spread of the virus. Whether or not the people in smart homes are wearing masks at home will be diagnosed with the deep learning method. Hosts will be warned if they do not have masks. Brightness level control card and illuminator have been added to smart home entrances to better identify people's faces. With PID, the illumination level is fixed at the desired value, and with IOT technology, people can follow the illumination level at the smart home entrance from the mobile application.

The Proposal of Function in Smart Home for Handicapped Users

2012 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 486-490
Author(s):  
Peter Hamernik ◽  
Pavol Tanuska ◽  
Dusan Mudroncik
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Smart Homes

Nowadays are smart homes aimed at healthy users. Much less emphasis is placed on the handicapped users. The article is focused on classification of function in a smart home for users with Alzheimer’s disease associated with dementia.

scholarly journals Introduction to the Special Issue: Applications of Internet of Things

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Hua Chen ◽  
Eyhab Al-Masri ◽  
Feng-Jang Hwang ◽  
Despo Ktoridou ◽  
Kuen-Rong Lo
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
User Classification ◽  
Novel Approach

This editorial introduces the special issue, entitled “Applications of Internet of Things”, of Symmetry. The topics covered in this issue fall under four main parts: (I) communication techniques and applications, (II) data science techniques and applications, (III) smart transportation, and (IV) smart homes. Four papers on sensing techniques and applications are included as follows: (1) “Reliability of improved cooperative communication over wireless sensor networks”, by Chen et al.; (2) “User classification in crowdsourcing-based cooperative spectrum sensing”, by Zhai and Wang; (3) “IoT’s tiny steps towards 5G: Telco’s perspective”, by Cero et al.; and (4) “An Internet of things area coverage analyzer (ITHACA) for complex topographical scenarios”, by Parada et al. One paper on data science techniques and applications is as follows: “Internet of things: a scientometric review”, by Ruiz-Rosero et al. Two papers on smart transportation are as follows: (1) “An Internet of things approach for extracting featured data using an AIS database: an application based on the viewpoint of connected ships”, by He et al.; and (2) “The development of key technologies in applications of vessels connected to the Internet”, by Tian et al. Two papers on smart home are as follows: (1) “A novel approach based on time cluster for activity recognition of daily living in smart homes”, by Liu et al.; and (2) “IoT-based image recognition system for smart home-delivered meal services”, by Tseng et al.

A qualitative assessment of the impact of smart homes and environmentally beneficial technologies on the UK 2050 net-zero carbon emission target

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasson Shabha ◽  
Francesca Barber ◽  
Paul Laycock
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Home Technology ◽  
Smart Home Technology

PurposeThere are 29 million homes in the UK, accounting for 14% of the UK's energy consumption. This is given that UK has one of the highest water and energy demands in Europe which needs to be addressed according to the Committee on Climate Change (CCC). Smart homes technology holds a current perception that it is principally used by “tech-savvy” users with larger budgets. However, smart home technology can be used to control water, heat and energy in the entire house. This paper investigates how smart home technology could be effectively utilised to aid the UK government in meeting climate change targets and to mitigate the environmental impact of a home in use towards reducing carbon emissions.Design/methodology/approachBoth primary and secondary data were sought to gain insight into the research problem. An epistemological approach to this research is to use interpretivism to analyse data gathered via a semi-structured survey. Two groups of participants were approached: (1) professionals who are deemed knowledgeable about smart home development and implementation and (2) users of smart home technology. A variety of open-ended questions were formulated, allowing participants to elaborate by exploring issues and providing detailed qualitative responses based on their experience in this area which were interpreted quantitatively for clearer analysis.FindingsWith fossil fuel reserves depleting, there is an urgency for renewable, low carbon energy sources to reduce the 5 tonnes annual carbon emissions from a UK household. This requires a multi-faceted and a multimethod approach, relying on the involvement of both the general public and the government in order to be effective. By advancing energy grids to make them more efficient and reliable, concomitant necessitates a drastic change in the way of life and philosophy of homeowners when contemplating a reduction of carbon emissions. If both parties are able to do so, the UK is more likely to reach its 2050 net-zero carbon goal. The presence of a smart meter within the household is equally pivotal. It has a positive effect of reducing the amount of carbon emissions and hence more need to be installed.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is needed using a larger study sample to achieve more accurate and acceptable generalisations about any future course of action. Further investigation on the specifics of smart technology within the UK household is also needed to reduce the energy consumption in order to meet net-zero carbon 2050 targets due to failures of legislation.Practical implicationsFor smart homes manufacturers and suppliers, more emphasis should be placed to enhance compatibility and interoperability of appliances and devices using different platform and creating more user's friendly manuals supported by step-by-step visual to support homeowners in the light of the wealth of knowledge base generated over the past few years. For homeowners, more emphasis should be placed on creating online knowledge management platform easily accessible which provide virtual support and technical advice to home owners to deal with any operational and technical issues or IT glitches. Developing technical design online platform for built environment professionals on incorporating smart sensors and environmentally beneficial technology during early design and construction stages towards achieving low to zero carbon homes.Originality/valueThis paper bridges a significant gap in the body of knowledge in term of its scope, theoretical validity and practical applicability, highlighting the impact of using smart home technology on the environment. It provides an insight into how the UK government could utilise smart home technology in order to reduce its carbon emission by identifying the potential link between using smart home technology and environmental sustainability in tackling and mitigating climate change. The findings can be applied to other building types and has the potential to employ aspects of smart home technology in order to manage energy and water usage including but not limited to healthcare, commercial and industrial buildings.

Smart Home Research

2011 ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Poland ◽  
Chris D. Nugent ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Liming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Smart Home ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Individual Needs

Smart Homes are environments facilitated with technology that act in a protective and proactive function to assist an inhabitant in managing their daily lives specific to their individual needs. A typical Smart Home implementation would include sensors and actuators to detect changes in status and to initiate beneficial interventions. This paper aims to introduce the diversity of recent Smart Home research and to present the challenges that are faced not only by engineers and potential inhabitants, but also by policy makers and healthcare professionals

Greedy Algorithms

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Greenlaw ◽  
H. James Hoover ◽  
Walter L. Ruzzo
Keyword(s):  
Greedy Algorithms ◽  
Independent Set ◽  
Independent Sets ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Sequential Algorithm ◽  
Maximal Independent Set ◽  
Maximum Independent Set ◽  
Greedy Method ◽  
Numerical Order ◽  
Selection Of

We consider the selection of two basketball teams at a neighborhood playground to illustrate the greedy method. Usually the top two players are designated captains. All other players line up while the captains alternate choosing one player at a time. Usually, the players are picked using a greedy strategy. That is, the captains choose the best unclaimed player. The system of selection of choosing the best, most obvious, or most convenient remaining candidate is called the greedy method. Greedy algorithms often lead to easily implemented efficient sequential solutions to problems. Unfortunately, it also seems to be that sequential greedy algorithms frequently lead to solutions that are inherently sequential — the solutions produced by these algorithms cannot be duplicated rapidly in parallel, unless NC equals P. In the following subsections we will examine this phenomenon. We illustrate some of the important aspects of greedy algorithms using one that constructs a maximal independent set in a graph. An independent set is a set of vertices of a graph that are pairwise nonadjacent. A maximum independent set is such a set of largest cardinality. It is well known that finding maximum independent sets is NP-hard. An independent set is maximal if no other vertex can be added while maintaining the independent set property. In contrast to the maximum case, finding maxima? independent sets is very easy. Figure 7.1.1 depicts a simple polynomial time sequential algorithm computing a maximal independent set. The algorithm is a greedy algorithm: it processes the vertices in numerical order, always attempting to add the lowest numbered vertex that has not yet been tried. The sequential algorithm in Figure 7.1.1, having processed vertices 1,... , j -1, can easily decide whether to include vertex j. However, notice that its decision about j potentially depends on its decisions about all earlier vertices — j will be included in the maximal independent set if and only if all j' less than j and adjacent to it were excluded.

scholarly journals Empirical Examination of Intention to Continue to Use Smart Home Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Gu ◽  
Peng Bao ◽  
Wenyuan Hao ◽  
Jaewoong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction

With the continuous expansion of sub-ecological problems, it is the question of how to effectively reduce environmental pollution and improve energy efficiency that has become a major challenge. At the same time, the energy consumption of family homes accounts for a large proportion, and whether smart homes can become a part of sustainable development is getting more and more attention. Although there are hundreds of smart home products and many investors on the market, consumers are relatively less accepting of this technology. How to make consumers adopt and continue to use has become a key issue in the development of smart homes. From the perspective of consumers, this study aims first to explore the relevant factors that affect the sustainable use of smart homes, and second empirically analyze the hypothetical model by using structural equation modeling. The empirical analysis results are based on the sample data of 488 Chinese respondents with experience in smart home use. The results showed that the service quality and perceived usefulness of smart home services positively impact users’ degree of satisfaction, and a higher degree of satisfaction, in turn, contributes to users’ formation of habits. Users’ desire to continuously use smart home services is influenced by perceived usefulness, degree of satisfaction, and habit; among them, habit is the key factor affecting users’ willingness. These findings expand our understanding of users’ desire to continuously use smart homes and provide theoretical support for the sustainable development of the smart home industry.

scholarly journals Smart Homes: Steps, Components, Utilities and Challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.7) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Velivela Gopinath ◽  
Arigela Srija ◽  
Dr S Krishna Rao ◽  
Avula Madhuri
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Home Networking ◽  
Intelligent Home ◽  
Home Technology ◽  
Smart Home Technology

Smart Home is a flourishing technology of 20th century. It integrates of many new technologies through home networking for improving quality of human’s life. Intelligent Home trade has drawn goodish attention of researchers for quite a decade. Smart Home technology is a combination of network and services and much more consequently, this paper focuses on various topics in smart home technologies from surveying for smart home research projects and presents a survey of all such systems and covers advantages of smart home systems, smart steps and simple components to install smart homes. So, the presented paper can be cookbook of ideas for who ever want to learn this blossoming technology.  

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