Vegetation Composition and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes on Rewetted Milled Peatlands — Comparison with Undisturbed Bogs

Wetlands ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Helena Purre ◽  
Mati Ilomets
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fluxes

scholarly journals Time Since Rewetting Defines Vegetation Composition and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes on Former Milled Peatlands - Comparison With Undisturbed Bogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Helena Purre ◽  
Mati Ilomets
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Eriophorum Vaginatum ◽  
Functional Type ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fluxes ◽  
Temporal Succession ◽  
Bare Peat

Abstract Rewetting is the most common restoration approach for milled peatlands in Europe, with the aim of creating suitable conditions for the development of peatland specific plant cover and carbon accumulation. Therefore, it is important to determine if time since rewetting is pivotal for milled peatlands to become functionally and structurally similar to their undisturbed counterparts. We investigate the temporal succession in rewetted peatlands in Estonia by a chronosequence of 4, 15, and 35 years before the measurements. Plant functional type (PFT) cover and biomass, bryophyte production and CO2 fluxes were measured on two milled peatlands, as well as undisturbed bogs adjacent to milled peatlands. Differences in vegetation composition and CO2 fluxes between the sites were greater for rewetted than undisturbed sites. The most recently rewetted site was mainly covered in bare peat and Eriophorum vaginatum and was a CO2 source. On the rewetted site of 15 years, Sphagnum was present in addition to ombrotrophic sedges, and in the rewetted site of 35 years, lawn-hollow microtopography is starting to develop with various PFTs. Both of these sites were CO2 sinks. Lawn Sphagnum was abundant on the two older rewetted sites, and was connected with CO2 sink functioning in the rewetted sites. Still, hummock Sphagnum species, which were present in undisturbed bogs, were absent from all of the rewetted sites. With time, CO2 fluxes, microtopography and vegetation develop after rewetting in the direction of undisturbed bogs, while vegetation composition still differs from the reference sites even 35 years after rewetting.

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide fluxes from contrasting ecosystems in the Sudanian Savanna in West Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Quansah ◽  
Matthias Mauder ◽  
Ahmed A Balogun ◽  
Leonard K Amekudzi ◽  
Luitpold Hingerl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fluxes

scholarly journals Resolving space and time variation of lake-atmosphere carbon dioxide fluxes using multiple methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela K Baldocchi ◽  
David E Reed ◽  
Luke C Loken ◽  
Emily H. Stanley ◽  
Hayley Huerd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Multiple Methods ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fluxes ◽  
Space And Time

scholarly journals Soil carbon dioxide fluxes to atmosphere: the role of rainfall over CO2 transport

2020 ◽  
pp. 104854
Author(s):  
Isabelle Delsarte ◽  
Grégory Cohen ◽  
Marian Momtbrun ◽  
Patrick Höhener ◽  
Olivier Atteia
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fluxes ◽  
Soil Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Transport

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide fluxes increase from day to night across European streams

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Attermeyer ◽  
Joan Pere Casas-Ruiz ◽  
Thomas Fuss ◽  
Ada Pastor ◽  
Sophie Cauvy-Fraunié ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Flux ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fluxes ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Flux Variability

AbstractGlobally, inland waters emit over 2 Pg of carbon per year as carbon dioxide, of which the majority originates from streams and rivers. Despite the global significance of fluvial carbon dioxide emissions, little is known about their diel dynamics. Here we present a large-scale assessment of day- and night-time carbon dioxide fluxes at the water-air interface across 34 European streams. We directly measured fluxes four times between October 2016 and July 2017 using drifting chambers. Median fluxes are 1.4 and 2.1 mmol m−2 h−1 at midday and midnight, respectively, with night fluxes exceeding those during the day by 39%. We attribute diel carbon dioxide flux variability mainly to changes in the water partial pressure of carbon dioxide. However, no consistent drivers could be identified across sites. Our findings highlight widespread day-night changes in fluvial carbon dioxide fluxes and suggest that the time of day greatly influences measured carbon dioxide fluxes across European streams.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Fluxes and Their Environmental Controls in a Riparian Forest within the Hyper-Arid Region of Northwest China

Forests ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Ma ◽  
Qi Feng ◽  
Tengfei Yu ◽  
Yonghong Su ◽  
Ravinesh Deo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fluxes ◽  
Environmental Controls

Measurements of methane and carbon dioxide fluxes on the Bakchar bog in warm season

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg A. Krasnov ◽  
Shamil S. Maksyutov ◽  
Denis K. Davydov ◽  
Aleksander V. Fofonov ◽  
Mikhail V. Glagolev
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fluxes

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Fluxes and Carbon Stocks under Conservation Agricultural Practices in South Africa

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Nyambo ◽  
Chiduza Cornelius ◽  
Tesfay Araya
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fluxes

Understanding the impacts of agricultural practices on carbon stocks and CO2 emission is imperative in order to recommend low emission strategies. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tillage, crop rotation, and residue management on soil CO2 fluxes, carbon stock, soil temperature, and moisture in the semi-arid conditions in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The field trial was laid out as a split-split-plot design replicated three times. The main plots were tillage viz conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT). The sub-plots were allocated to crop rotations viz maize–fallow–maize (MFM), maize–oat–maize (MOM), and maize–vetch–maize (MVM). Crop residue management was in the sub-sub plots, viz retention (R+), removal (R−), and biochar (B). There were no significant interactions (p > 0.05) with respect to the cumulative CO2 fluxes, soil moisture, and soil temperature. Crop residue retention significantly increased the soil moisture content relative to residue removal, but was not different to biochar application. Soil tilling increased the CO2 fluxes by approximately 26.3% relative to the NT. The carbon dioxide fluxes were significantly lower in R− (2.04 µmoL m−2 s−1) relative to the R+ (2.32 µmoL m−2 s−1) and B treatments (2.36 µmoL m−2 s−1). The carbon dioxide fluxes were higher in the summer (October–February) months compared to the winter period (May–July), irrespective of treatment factors. No tillage had a significantly higher carbon stock at the 0-5 cm depth relative to CT. Amending the soils with biochar resulted in significantly lower total carbon stock relative to both R+ and R−. The results of the study show that NT can potentially reduce CO2 fluxes. In the short term, amending soils with biochar did not reduce the CO2 fluxes compared to R+, however the soil moisture increases were comparable.

scholarly journals Environmental controls on ecosystem-scale cold-season methane and carbon dioxide fluxes in an Arctic tundra ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 4025-4042
Author(s):  
Dean Howard ◽  
Yannick Agnan ◽  
Detlev Helmig ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Daniel Obrist
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fluxes ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Annual Total

Abstract. Understanding the processes that influence and control carbon cycling in Arctic tundra ecosystems is essential for making accurate predictions about what role these ecosystems will play in potential future climate change scenarios. Particularly, air–surface fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide are of interest as recent observations suggest that the vast stores of soil carbon found in the Arctic tundra are becoming more available to release to the atmosphere in the form of these greenhouse gases. Further, harsh wintertime conditions and complex logistics have limited the number of year-round and cold-season studies and hence too our understanding of carbon cycle processes during these periods. We present here a two-year micrometeorological data set of methane and carbon dioxide fluxes, along with supporting soil pore gas profiles, that provide near-continuous data throughout the active summer and cold winter seasons. Net emission of methane and carbon dioxide in one of the study years totalled 3.7 and 89 g C m−2 a−1 respectively, with cold-season methane emission representing 54 % of the annual total. In the other year, net emission totals of methane and carbon dioxide were 4.9 and 485 g C m−2 a−1 respectively, with cold-season methane emission here representing 82 % of the annual total – a larger proportion than has been previously reported in the Arctic tundra. Regression tree analysis suggests that, due to relatively warmer air temperatures and deeper snow depths, deeper soil horizons – where most microbial methanogenic activity takes place – remained warm enough to maintain efficient methane production whilst surface soil temperatures were simultaneously cold enough to limit microbial methanotrophic activity. These results provide valuable insight into how a changing Arctic climate may impact methane emission, and highlight a need to focus on soil temperatures throughout the entire active soil profile, rather than rely on air temperature as a proxy for modelling temperature–methane flux dynamics.

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