Thermographic findings in a case of type 2 diabetes with foot ulcer due to callus deterioration

Background: Increased foot temperature among individuals with type 2 diabetes can be predictive of diabetic foot ulcer development. A combination of physiological and mechanical deficiencies may contribute to elevations in intact foot temperature during gait for individuals with type 2 diabetes and transtibial amputation. Objective: This study evaluated plantar foot temperature differences between individuals with type 2 diabetes with and without transtibial amputation. We hypothesized that individuals with transtibial amputation maintain increased foot temperature compared to those without amputation. Study Design: Cross-sectional, case control. Methods: A sample of 16 participants with type 2 diabetes and transtibial amputation, and 16 age- and sex-matched participants with type 2 diabetes without amputation were recruited. Foot temperatures were measured during resting, walking, and cooldown periods. Peak temperature, mean temperature, and rate of temperature change were analyzed for each period, and compared between cohorts. Results: Participants with amputation exhibited increased mean foot temperature while at rest and during walking. Participants without amputation exhibited increased rate of change of foot temperature during walking. No differences in peak temperature or rate of temperature change were observed during the baseline or cooldown periods. Conclusion: The current findings of altered foot temperature for individuals with transtibial amputation and type 2 diabetes suggest a possible reason for the high rates of contralateral limb ulceration and amputation among this population.

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Modified tibial transverse transport technique for the treatment of ischemic diabetic foot ulcer in patients with type 2 diabetes

Journal of Orthopaedic Translation ◽

10.1016/j.jot.2021.04.006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 100-105

Author(s):

Yusong Yuan ◽

Xiaofang Ding ◽

Zhengwei Jing ◽

Hao Lu ◽

Kun Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽

Transport Technique

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Cognitive Impairment in People with Diabetes-Related Foot Ulceration

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10132808 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 2808

Author(s):

Ranita Siru ◽

Melanie S. Burkhardt ◽

Wendy A. Davis ◽

Jonathan Hiew ◽

Laurens Manning ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Sex Education ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Community Settings ◽

Foot Ulceration ◽

Complex Diabetes ◽

State Examination

Aims: To determine whether there is an excess of cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes and foot ulceration. Methods: 55 patients with type 2 diabetes and foot ulcers attending Multidisciplinary Diabetes Foot Ulcer clinics (MDFU cohort) were compared with 56 patients with type 2 diabetes attending Complex Diabetes clinics (CDC cohort) using commonly used screening tests for cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA)), as well as foot self-care, mood and health literacy. MMSE was also compared between the MDFU cohort and a historical community-based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes (FDS2 cohort). Results: Median MMSE scores were the same in all three groups (28/30). Median MOCA scores did not differ between the MDFU and CDC cohorts (25/30). There were no significant differences in the percentages of patients with MMSE ≤ 24 or MOCA ≤ 25 between MDFU and CDC cohorts (3.6% versus 10.7%, p = 0.27 and 56.4% versus 51.8%, p = 0.71, respectively), findings that did not change after adjustment for age, sex, education, diabetes duration, and random blood glucose. Conclusions: Using conventionally applied instruments, patients with type 2 diabetes and foot ulceration have similar cognition compared with patients without, from either hospital-based clinic or community settings.

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Role of toll like receptor-9 (1237 T/C) gene polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic foot ulcer

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/1879/2/022012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1879 (2) ◽

pp. 022012

Author(s):

Furqan Naeem Al-Karawi ◽

Naji Al-Hasnawiand Abeer Thaher ◽

Thekra Abd Jebur Al-Kashwan

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽

Toll Like Receptor

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Diabetic foot ulcer severity predicts mortality among veterans with type 2 diabetes

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications ◽

10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.11.020 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 556-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Meghan B. Brennan ◽

Timothy M. Hess ◽

Brian Bartle ◽

Jennifer M. Cooper ◽

Jonathan Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

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Temporal Trends in Incident Hospitalization for Diabetes-Related Foot Ulcer in Type 2 Diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc20-1743 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 722-730

Author(s):

Emma J. Hamilton ◽

Wendy A. Davis ◽

Ranita Siru ◽

Mendel Baba ◽

Paul E. Norman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Foot Ulcer

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Decreased Plasma Maresin 1 Concentration Is Associated with Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2020/4539035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tian Miao ◽

Bangliang Huang ◽

Niexia He ◽

Lihua Sun ◽

Guangsheng Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment

Aims. To assess the maresin 1 (MaR1) contents in type 2 diabetic patients with or without diabetic foot ulcer and to analyze the association of MaR1 concentrations with several metabolism-related parameters. Methods. Plasma MaR1 concentrations were analyzed in 96 subjects with normal glucose tolerant (NC, n=43), type 2 diabetes (T2DM, n=40), or diabetic foot ulcer (DFU, n=13). The intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and biochemical parameters were measured in all participants. Results. Plasma MaR1 concentrations were significant decreased in type 2 diabetes patient with or without DFU compared with NC (both P<0.001) and were lowest in DFU patients among these 3 groups. (DFU vs. T2DM, P<0.05). Plasma MaR1 concentrations were negatively correlated with BMI, waist circumference (Wc), waist hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), LDL-c, FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (all P<0.05) and were positively correlated with HDL-c, acute insulin response (AIR), area under the curve of the first-phase (0-10 min) insulin secretion (AUC), and homeostasis model assessment for beta-cell function (HOMA-β) (all P<0.05). After adjusting for age and sex, Wc, WHR, TG, FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, AIR, AUC, and HOMA-β remain statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions. Plasma MaR1 concentration were decreased in T2DM with or without DFUs and were the lowest in DFU patients. The decreased plasma MaR1 strongly associated with obesity, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, reduced first-phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and enhanced insulin resistance.

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Standard complication screening information can be used for risk assessment for first time foot ulcer among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.1016/j.diabres.2019.04.021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 177-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sine Hangaard ◽

Anne Rasmussen ◽

Thomas Almdal ◽

Annemette Anker Nielsen ◽

Kirsten Engelhart Nielsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

First Time

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A systematic review of foot ulcer in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. II: treatment

Diabetic Medicine ◽

10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00137.x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 889-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

J. Mason ◽

C. O'Keeffe ◽

A. Hutchinson ◽

A. McIntosh ◽

R. Young ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Foot Ulcer

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Temporal Trends in Incident Hospitalization for Diabetes-Related Foot Ulcer in Type 2 Diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study

10.2337/figshare.13377134 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emma J Hamilton ◽

Wendy A Davis ◽

Ranita Siru ◽

Mendel Baba ◽

Paul E Norman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Age Groups ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Diabetes Diagnosis ◽

Incident Rate

Objective: To determine whether, reflecting trends in other chronic complications, incident hospitalization for diabetes-related foot ulcer (DFU) has declined over recent decades in type 2 diabetes. Research design and methods: Participants with type 2 diabetes from the community-based Fremantle Diabetes Study Phases I (FDS1; 1,296 participants, mean age 64.0 years, 48.6% males, recruited 1993-1996) and II (FDS2; 1,509 participants, mean age 65.4 years, 51.8% males, recruited 2008-2011) were followed from entry to first hospitalization for/with DFU, death or 5 years (whichever came first). Incident rate ratios (IRRs) and incident rate differences (IRDs) were calculated for FDS2 versus FDS1 overall and in 10-year age-groups. Cox proportional hazards modelling determined independent predictors of first DFU hospitalization in the combined cohort. Results: Incident DFU hospitalization (95% CI) was 1.9 (0.9-3.3) /1,000 person-years in FDS1 during 5,879 person-years of follow-up, and 4.5 (3.0-6.4) /1,000 person-years in FDS2 during 6,915 person-years of follow-up. The crude IRR (95% CI) was 2.40 (1.17-5.28), P=0.013) and IRD 2.6 (0.7-4.5) /1,000 person-years (P=0.010). The highest incidence rate (IR) for any age-group was 23.6/1,000 person-years in FDS2 participants aged 31-40 years. Age at diabetes diagnosis (inverse), HbA1c, insulin use, height, ln(urinary albumin:creatinine), absence of any foot pulse, previous peripheral revascularization and peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN) were independent predictors of incident hospitalization for/with DFU. Conclusions: Incident DFU hospitalizations complicating type 2 diabetes increased between FDS Phases, especially in younger participants, and were more likely in those with PSN, peripheral arterial disease and suboptimal glycemic control at baseline.

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