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Despite all significant research in discovering new therapeuticals, there has been an alarming rate of reported neurological disorders. However, the delivery of these neurotherapeuticals within the brain region is still a significant chal-lenge in the clinical management of neuronal disorders. Here, characteristic of the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier serves the purpose of a physiological barrier to restrict the passage of systemic bioavailable neu-rotherapeuticals inside the brain, owing to low permeability and drug localization issues. The major advantage of such lipid-based delivery systems is that these are effective non–invasive techniques-based approaches that enable targeting of neuro-therapeuticals into the central nervous system. In the case of poorly water-soluble drugs, these lipid-based carriers not onlyfavor to increase bioavailability by enabling better solubility characteristics in the gastrointestinal tract but such encapsulat-ed neurotherapeuticals loads within the systems; may also favor stability. While owing to their small size and lipid-based composition, they offer enhanced permeability across the blood-brain barrier. These lipid-based nanocarriers effectively transport the encapsulated loads such as synthetic drugs, nutraceuticals, phytoconstituents, herbal extracts, or therapeuticalpeptides; across of these impermeable barriers to reduce the incidence of off-target mediated adverse impacts and toxicity.
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In this review, we discussed, in brief, the potential of nanotechnology processed and lipid-based carriers, which are not onlyto enable higher penetration through the blood-brain barrier but also to maintain drug plasma levels in the desired range, ow-ing to control release profile. Apart from an increase in the extent of bioavailable fraction of drugs within the brain region, other attributes such as modulation in drug release, better penetration, the incidence of bypassing the first-pass metabolism to elevate half-lives; are further favoring the potential application of these carriers. Hence in this introductory review paper, a brief account of general introduction on limitation of neurotherapeuticals loaded conventional dosage forms, the blood-brain barriers as pharmacological barriers, challenges in brain targeted drug delivery, as well as potentials of different lipid-based nanoparticles and their patents, as emerging delivery solutions for neurotherapeuticals delivery; in the clinical man-agement of neuronal disorders; were thoroughly discussed.
Solving the Blood-Brain Barrier Challenge for the Effective Treatment of HIV Replication in the Central Nervous System