scholarly journals Circulating miRNA as potential biomarkers for diabetes mellitus type 2: should we focus on searching for sex differences?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weronika Kraczkowska ◽  
Lucyna Stachowiak ◽  
Andrzej Pławski ◽  
Paweł Piotr Jagodziński
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sex Disparity

Abstract microRNAs are non-coding molecules, approximately 22 nucleotides in length, that regulate various cellular processes. A growing body of evidence has suggested that their dysregulated expression is involved in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, including diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). Early onset of this chronic and complex metabolic disorder is frequently undiagnosed, leading to the development of severe diabetic complications. Notably, DM2 prevalence is rising globally and an increasing number of articles demonstrate that DM2 susceptibility, development, and progression differ between males and females. Therefore, this paper discusses the role of microRNAs as a source of novel diagnostic biomarkers for DM2 and aims to underline the importance of sex disparity in biomarkers research. Taking into account an urgent need for the development of sex-specific diagnostic strategies in DM2, recent results have shown that circulating miRNAs are promising candidates for sex-biased biomarkers.

scholarly journals Dysmetabolic Syndrome in a Man with a Novel Mutation of the Aromatase Gene: Effects of Testosterone, Alendronate, and Estradiol Treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Maffei ◽  
Yoko Murata ◽  
Vincenzo Rochira ◽  
Gloria Tubert ◽  
Claudio Aranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Bone Maturation ◽  
Bilateral Cryptorchidism ◽  
High Doses

We present the fourth case of an adult man (29 yr old) affected by aromatase deficiency resulting from a novel homozygous inactivating mutation of the CYP19 (P450arom) gene. At first observation, continuing linear growth, eunuchoid body proportions, diffuse bone pain, and bilateral cryptorchidism were observed. The patient presented also a complex dysmetabolic syndrome characterized by insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus type 2, acanthosis nigricans, liver steatohepatitis, and signs of precocious atherogenesis. The analysis of the effects induced by the successive treatment with high doses of testosterone, alendronate, and estradiol allows further insight into the roles of androgens and estrogens on several metabolic functions. High doses of testosterone treatment resulted in a severe imbalance in the estradiol to testosterone ratio together with the occurrence of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus type 2. Estrogen treatment resulted in an improvement of acanthosis nigricans, insulin resistance, and liver steatohepatitis, coupled with a better glycemic control and the disappearance of two carotid plaques. Furthermore, the study confirms previous data concerning the key role of estrogens on male bone maturation, at least in part, and regulation of gonadotropin secretion. The biopsy of the testis showed a pattern of total germ cell depletion that might be due to the concomitant presence of bilateral cryptorchidism. Thus, a possible role of estrogen in male reproductive function is suggested but without revealing a direct cause-effect relationship. Data from this case provide new insights into the role of estrogens in glucose, lipid, and liver metabolism in men. This new case of aromatase deficiency confirms previous data on bone maturation and mineralization, and it reveals a high risk for the precocious development of cardiovascular disease in young aromatase-deficient men.

scholarly journals Role of ACE and AGT gene polymorphisms in genetic susceptibility to diabetes mellitus type 2 in a Brazilian sample

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 19110-19116 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Wollinger ◽  
S.M. Dal Bosco ◽  
C. Rempel ◽  
S.E.M. Almeida ◽  
D.B. Berlese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Agt Gene

scholarly journals The Role of Soluble L-Selectin with Polymorphism in Iraqi Arabs Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa M. Salih Almohaidi ◽  
Kebaa Ahmed Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group

Diabetes mellitus type 2 [DMT2] is a disturbance of metabolism and complex diseases influenced by environmental, genetic agents, and linked with inflammation, happens when the pancreas either does not use the insulin as it should or the body does not make enough insulin, lead to insulin resistance [IR] alongside with gradual loss of ß-cell secretory ability. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of soluble L-selectin (sL-selectin) in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients in Iraqi Arabs patient. Study includes seventy six Iraqi Arabs patients (male and female) having newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with Fifty three Iraqi Arabs healthy subjects matched in age, sex and ethnic group. Patients and healthy subjects were genotyped, by PCR-RFLP analysis, and mesure serum level of L-selectin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sandwich ELISA) test include 65 patients and 23 controls. The statistical analysis of serum level of sL-selectin in study groups showed that the mean of sL-selectin level high significantly increased in patients group (10.708±1.1007) compared to control group (7.055±0.767) respectively. Thus, our results suggest soluble L-selectin play a role in the development of DMT2 in Iraqi Arabs patients. Present results showed that genotype PS associated with increase the susceptibility of DMT2.

scholarly journals The new views on the state of the gut microbiota in obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-262
Author(s):  
Elena V. Pokrovskaya ◽  
Minara S. Shamkhalova ◽  
Marina V. Shestakova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Obesity is a worldwide problem of the last century, the prevalence of which has reached pandemic proportions in developed countries. Over the past few years, a considerable amount of data has been gathered, reporting a direct link between changes in gut microbiota and the development of obesity, as well as related diseases, primarily, diabetes mellitus type 2. The elaboration of optimal methods of prevention and treatment regimens of these diseases needs to structure the existing knowledge about the mechanisms of development of metabolic disorders, the role of intestinal microbiota in the latter and possible therapeutic targets. This review examines the role of microorganisms in the human body, with the main focus on the developmental origins of metabolic disorders using animal models and accumulated experience of research on their effects on the human body, and also discusses possible treatment options, including bariatric surgery, fecal microbiota transplantation, the use of pre- and probiotics and certain particular groups of glucose-lowering drugs.

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