The effects of silver and arsenic on antioxidant system in Lemna paucicostata: Different effects on glutathione system

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 332-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjung Lee ◽  
Hyunhee Kim ◽  
Saerong Kim ◽  
Areum Park ◽  
Youn-Jung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Lemna Paucicostata

Biological and medical value of antioxidant protection system of the human body

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
O.M. Kovalyova ◽  
T.M. Pasiieshvili
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Manganese Superoxide

The article is devoted to the antioxidant system of the human body in the context of biological and medical significance. The classification of antioxidants in terms of their physical and chemical properties, bioorganic compounds, biochemical effects, mechanisms of implementation of antioxidant protection is presented. The given processes of extreme radical oxidation and mechanisms of antioxidant defense in physiological and pathological conditions. The characteristics of the components of the glutathione system, namely glutathione and enzymes – glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase are presented. Much attention is paid to manganese superoxide dismutase, an antiradical defense enzyme, as a fundamental regulator of cell proliferation, a mediator of metabolism and apoptosis. Interpretation of changes in the antioxidant enzyme of mitochondrial origin from a prognostic point of view is interpreted on the basis of the results of clinical observations carried out by scientists in various human diseases. The expediency of determining manganese superoxide dismutase in clinical practice for the diagnostic search for the direction of the pathological process, the timely detection of complications and the appointment of adequate therapy is emphasized. Keywords: antioxidant system, classification, glutathione system, manganese superoxide dismutase.

scholarly journals Antioxidant protection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant

The literature review summarizes the data on the classification and characteristics of the antioxidant defense system. This model combines a number of different substances. Each of the components of the antioxidant system acts in close connection with its other structural elements, harmoniously complements, and in many cases – enhances the action of each other. The functional basis of the system of antioxidant protection is formed by the glutathione system, the constituent elements of which are actually glutathione and enzymes that catalyze the reactions of its reverse transformation (oxidation ↔ reduction). Most researchers conventionally divide the system of antioxidant protection into enzymatic and non-enzymatic. The enzyme links of the antioxidant defense system include: catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase and other enzymes. The non-enzymatic system includes fat-soluble vitamins A, E and K, water-soluble vitamins C and PP, biogenic amines, glutathione, carotenoids, ubiquinone, sterols. Both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems are present in the bloodstream. The activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system is very well regulated and depends on age, physiological condition, hormone dynamics, intensity of antioxidant enzyme synthesis, pH, presence of coenzymes, inhibitors, activators and other factors. The non-enzymatic part of the antioxidant system does not require as many regulators as the chemical itself - the antioxidant - reacts chemically with the radical. Only the reaction rate can change. The lungs are directly exposed to oxygen and oxidants of polluted air, they are most sensitive to oxidative damage, so they have an increased possibility of free radical reactions. Protection against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species and free radicals is provided by anti-radical protective systems, especially the glutathione system and its enzymes. Numerous papers have obtained clinical and experimental data on the important role of free radical oxidation of lipids (FROL) and antioxidant systems (AOS) protection in the development of many diseases, including pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The review presents modern views on the state of the system of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant protection in TB. The main topic of the review is information on the generation of free radical compounds by different populations of leukocytes with further enhancement of LPO and secondary deepening of functional disorders. The article substantiates the feasibility of identifying LPO products as non-specific markers of aseptic inflammation in TB and the need to develop new generations of antioxidants. One of the universal mechanisms of damage to cell membranes is LPO, the excessive activation of which is normally prevented by factors of the antioxidant defense system. Membrane-bound enzymes involved in the formation of LPO products include lipoxy and cyclooxygenases. Lipoperoxidation processes change the structure and phospholipid composition of cell membranes, which negatively affects the cellular immune response due to damage to the mechanisms of information transfer from extracellular regulators to intracellular effector systems.

scholarly journals The impact of endogenous intoxication on biochemical indicators of blood of cows with calves

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gutyj ◽  
Y. Grymak ◽  
M. Drach ◽  
O. Bilyk ◽  
O. Matsjuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Endogenous Intoxication ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
The Impact

The notion “endotoxin” is conditional, for any normal metabolit has a toxic impact of its excessive accumulation in organism. Endotoxins include products of breakdown of tissue proteins, peroxides and other products of free radical oxidation, low molecular weight toxins, toxins of microorganisms. Current knowledge on the mechanism of endotoxin action on the organism of pregnant cows is based on the key role of the immune system: it provides animals with protection against the infections, eliminates extraneous elements of endogenous and exogenous origin. It is defined that under endogenous intoxication, toxic metabolites suppress the activity of immune system of organism, decreases the resistability of an organism to negative effects of environmental factors. Animals under endogenous intoxication had the following clinical symptoms: swelling of mammal gland, edemas of external genitals, anemia of mucous membranes, functional disorders of proventriculuses and intestines, animals were stressed. It was defined that under endogenous intoxication in 8–9 months of pregnancy, blood of highly-productive cows had a tendency of decrease in the number of erythrocytes by 21.0%, in the level of hemoglobin – by 24.3%, increase in the number of leucocytes by 7.6% compared to the value for blood of cows with physiological pregnancy process. The development of endogenous intoxication among pregnant cows causes disorders in protein-synthesizing function of liver, which is indicated by decrease in the level of total protein and its fractions. It was defined that endogenous intoxication decreased the content of total protein in blood by 18.4%. Over the period of study, among pregnant cows under the development of endogenous intoxication, heightened activity of amino transferaces in the blood was observed. In the ninth month of pregnancy, the activity of amino transferaces in blood serum of cows from experimental group increased by 28.6%, and the activity of aspartate aminotransferace increased by 20.1% relatively. The activity of amino transferaces and decrease in the level of total protein and its fractions in blood serum is one of the first biochemical studies on the diagnosing endotoxin manifestations and indicates destructive processes in liver. It was defined that pregnant cows under the development of endogenous intoxication suffer disorders in detoxicating function of liver and disorders in filtrating function of kidneys. The developing endogenous intoxication of pregnant cows suppresses the activity of enzymes in their glutathione system of antioxidant protection, which is indicated by decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase by 27.5 %, glutathione reductase by 42.9%, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by 11.2% in blood serum. The lowest activity of enzymes of glutathione system in blood of highly-productive cows under endogenous intoxication was observed in their ninth month of pregnancy, which is related to increase in activation of processes of lipid peroxidation and misbalance between the activity of antioxidant system and intensity of lipid peroxidation. Reliable increase in the content of lipid hydroperoxides by 70.9% and in concentration of malondialdehide by 54.8% was observed. Misbalance towards generation of active forms of oxygen and their metabolites, exhaustion of antioxidant system and disorders in balance cause oxidative stress. 

Antioxidant System of Spirulina platensis (Nordst.) Geitler under the LED Lighting of Different Spectral Compositions

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
N. V. Kozel ◽  
E. E. Manankina ◽  
Y. V. Viazau ◽  
I. A. Dremuk ◽  
S. M. Savina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Led Lighting

Research of enzyme activity changes in the antioxidant system and the state of NO-system in patients with colon cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-258
Author(s):  
Sophia Kovalchuc ◽  
Andriy Revura ◽  
Bohdan Melekh ◽  
Oksana Khavrona ◽  
Yuriy Fedevych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
The State

Effect of 1,3,6-trimethyl-5-hydroxyuracil succinate on the antioxidant system and free-radical processes in the liver of adult and old rats treated with carbon tetrachloride

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
И.Д. Габдрахманова ◽  
В.А. Мышкин ◽  
Д.А. Еникеев ◽  
А.Р. Гимадиева
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Complex Compound ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Radical Processes

Цель исследования: изучение влияния сукцината 1,3,6-триметил-5-гидроксиурацила на антиоксидантную систему и свободнорадикальные процессы в печени взрослых и старых крыс при воздействии тетрахлорметана. Методика. В эксперименте использованы половозрелые животные 12-месячного возраста со средней массой 250 г и старые животные 24-месячного возраста, средней массой 395 г по 30 особей в каждой возрастной группе. Токсическое поражение печени вызывали подкожным введением 50%-ного масляного раствора тетрахлорметана (ТХМ, 2 г/кг) в течение 4 сут. Одновременно с токсикантом опытным животным внутрибрюшинно вводили водный раствор коплексного соединения сукцинат-1,3,6-триметил-5-гидроксиурацила (2,5 мг/100 г) 3 раза в сут. в течение первых 4 сут. и в течение последующих 3 сут. 1 раз в сут. Контролем служили опытные животные, которым вводили физиологический раствор в том же объеме. Изучали окислительную модификацию белков, перекисное окисление липидов (по содержанию ТБК-реагирующих продуктов, уровню гидроперекисей липидов и содержанию диеновых конъюгатов). Состояние антиоксидантной системы оценивали по активности ферментов супероксиддисмутазы, каталазы и глутатионпероксидазы, определяемых биохимическими методами. Антирадикальную активность комплексного соединения и его составляющих субстанций исследовали в модельной системе «этилбензол-ледяная уксусная кислота» с вычислением константы К - скорости взаимодействия перекисных радикалов с молекулами изучаемого соединения в сравнении с эталонным антиоксидантом-ионолом с витамином Е. Результаты. Сукцинат + 1,3,6-триметил-5-гидрокси-урацила существенно снижает токсическое действие ТХМ на печень взрослых и старых крыс, устраняет дисбаланс в системах свободнорадикального окисления белков у старых крыс, статистически значимо улучшает показатели свободнорадикального окисления (СРО) липидов в печени взрослых и старых крыс: снижает уровень продуктов ПОЛ - гидроперекисей, диеновых конъюгатов, ТБК-реагирующих продуктов, а также улучшает работу антиоксидантной системы (АОС), повышая активность каталазы, супероксиддисмутазы и глутатионпероксидазы. Установлена высокая антирадикальная активность изучаемого препарата сопоставимая с активностью эталонного антиоксиданта ионола. Заключение. Сукцинат и его производные способны выступать как индивидуальные вещества с непосредственным антирадикальным механизмом действия, а не только как стимуляторы ферментативных систем антиоксидантной защиты. Aim. To study the effect of a complex compound, 1,3,6-trimethyl-5-hydroxyuracil succinate, on the antioxidant system and free radical processes induced by carbon tetrachloride in the liver of adult and old rats. Methods. The study used sexually mature animals aged 12 months and weighing 250 g and old animals aged 24 months weighing 395 g (total n= 60, 30 rats in each age group). Toxic damage of liver was induced by subcutaneous injections of a 50% oil solution of carbon tetrachloride (CTC) at 2 g/kg for 4 days. Together with the toxicant, experimental animals were injected with a water solution of a complex compound, succinate 1,3,6-trimethyl-5-hydroxyuracil, at a dose of 2.5 mg/100 g, i.p., 3 times per day for the first 4 days and once daily for the following 3 days. Experimental animals were used as controls, which were administered saline in the same volume. Oxidative modifications of proteins, lipid peroxidation (by levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides, and conjugated dienes) were studied. Condition of the antioxidant system was evaluated by activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase using biochemical methods. Antiradical activity of the complex compound and its components was studied in a model system of ethylbenzene-glacial acetic acid; the K7 constant of the rate of peroxide radical interaction with molecules of the studied compound was compared with the reference antioxidant ionol with vitamin E. Results. Succinate +1.3.6-trimethyl-5-hydroxyuracil, considerably reduced TXM hepatotoxicity in adult and old rats; removed the disbalance in free radical systems of protein oxidation in old rats; significantly improved indexes of free-radical oxidation (FRO) of hepatic lipids in adult and old rats; decreased levels of LP products, hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes, and TBARS, and enhanced performance of the antioxidant system (AOS) by increasing activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. The study demonstrated a high antiradical activity of the study drug comparable with the activity of the reference antioxidant, ionol. Сonclusion. Succinate and its derivatives can perform as individual substances with a direct antiradical mechanism of action rather than as stimulators of enzymic systems of antioxidant defence.

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