Improved Primary Signal Sensing at the Frequency of 433 MHz using MAF-KF-NPD Algorithms with the Arduino Controller in an Experimental Scenario

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroun Errachid Adardour ◽  
Samir Kameche
Keyword(s):  
Primary Signal

A Primary Signal Detection Technique using Sub-band Pulses of a Multi-band Pulse

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145-1152
Author(s):  
Kohei Ohno ◽  
Makoto Itami ◽  
Tetsushi Ikegami
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Detection Technique ◽  
Primary Signal ◽  
Multi Band

scholarly journals The Mutation masculinizer (man) Defines a Sex-Determining Gene With Maternal and Zygotic Functions in Musca domestica L.

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Schmidt ◽  
M Hediger ◽  
R Nöthiger ◽  
A Dübendorfer
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
New Mutation ◽  
Yolk Proteins ◽  
Hypomorphic Allele ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Primary Signal ◽  
Pole Cells

In Musca domestica, the primary signal for sex determination is the dominant factor M, which is assumed to regulate a postulated female-determining gene F. Presence of M prevents expression of F so that male development ensues. In the absence of M, F can become active, which dictates the female pathway. The existence of F is inferred from FD, a dominant factor that is epistatic to M. We describe a new mutation masculinizer, which has all the properties expected for a null or strongly hypomorphic allele of F: (1) it maps to the same chromosomal location as FD, (2) homozygous man/man animals develop as males, (3) homozygous man/man clones generated in man/+ female larvae differentiate male structures, (4) man has a sex-determining maternal effect. About a third of the morphological males synthesize yolk proteins, which indicates that they are intersexual in internal structures. The maternal effect of man is complete in offspring that derive from homozygous man/man pole cells transplanted into female hosts. In this case, all man/+ progeny become fertile males that do not produce yolk proteins. A sex-determining maternal effect has previously been demonstrated for FD. Like F, maternal man  + is needed for zygotic man  + to become active, providing further evidence that man is a loss-of-function allele of F.

scholarly journals The Sex Determination Cascade in the Silkworm

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Xu Yang ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Yaohui Wang ◽  
Dehong Yang ◽  
Yongping Huang
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Master Regulators ◽  
Primary Signal ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Working Mechanisms

In insects, sex determination pathways involve three levels of master regulators: primary signals, which determine the sex; executors, which control sex-specific differentiation of tissues and organs; and transducers, which link the primary signals to the executors. The primary signals differ widely among insect species. In Diptera alone, several unrelated primary sex determiners have been identified. However, the doublesex (dsx) gene is highly conserved as the executor component across multiple insect orders. The transducer level shows an intermediate level of conservation. In many, but not all examined insects, a key transducer role is performed by transformer (tra), which controls sex-specific splicing of dsx. In Lepidoptera, studies of sex determination have focused on the lepidopteran model species Bombyx mori (the silkworm). In B. mori, the primary signal of sex determination cascade starts from Fem, a female-specific PIWI-interacting RNA, and its targeting gene Masc, which is apparently specific to and conserved among Lepidoptera. Tra has not been found in Lepidoptera. Instead, the B. mori PSI protein binds directly to dsx pre-mRNA and regulates its alternative splicing to produce male- and female-specific transcripts. Despite this basic understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sex determination, the links among the primary signals, transducers and executors remain largely unknown in Lepidoptera. In this review, we focus on the latest findings regarding the functions and working mechanisms of genes involved in feminization and masculinization in Lepidoptera and discuss directions for future research of sex determination in the silkworm.

scholarly journals A Compact Muon Tracker for Dynamic Tomography of Density Based on a Thin Time Projection Chamber with Micromegas Readout

Particles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
Ignacio Lázaro Roche
Keyword(s):  
Time Projection Chamber ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Track Reconstruction ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Primary Signal ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Time Projection

Tomography based on cosmic muon absorption is a rising technique because of its versatility and its consolidation as a geophysics tool over the past decade. It allows us to address major societal issues such as long-term stability of natural and man-made large infrastructures or sustainable underwater management. Traditionally, muon trackers consist of hodoscopes or multilayer detectors. For applications with challenging available volumes or the wide field of view required, a thin time projection chamber (TPC) associated with a Micromegas readout plane can provide a good tradeoff between compactness and performance. This paper details the design of such a TPC aiming at maximizing primary signal and minimizing track reconstruction artifacts. The results of the measurements performed during a case study addressing the aforementioned applications are discussed. The current works lines and perspectives of the project are also presented.

On: “Effect of temporal and spatial variations of the primary signal on VLF total‐field surveys” by M. A. Vallee, M. Chouteau, and G. J. Palacky (January 1992 GEOPHYSICS, p. 97‐105)

Geophysics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 756-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Roy
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Field Amplitude ◽  
Primary Field ◽  
Dense Network ◽  
Total Field ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Attitude Stability ◽  
Amplitude Data ◽  
Primary Signal ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Vallee et al. (1992) remark on the sensitivity of airborne ratio measuring VLF instruments to platform attitude stability. The authors also remind the users of VLF total field amplitude data, as produced by instruments such as the Herz TOTEM, of two problems associated with this type of data: spatial and temporal fluctuations of the VLF primary field. They recommend the use of a dense network of VLF monitoring stations and numerical modeling of field propagation to cope with these problems. These two recommendations are briefly discussed here and one alternative recommendation is made.

Force relaxes before the fall of cytosolic calcium in the photomechanical response of rat sphincter pupillae

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. C274-C280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Krivoshik ◽  
Lloyd Barr
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Light Chain ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Cytosolic Calcium ◽  
Myosin Phosphorylation ◽  
Primary Signal ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Phosphorylation Cascade ◽  
Muscle Myosin ◽  
Light Flashes ◽  
Stimulation Of

In the rat sphincter pupillae, as in other smooth muscles, the primary signal transduction cascade for agonist activation is receptor → G protein → phospholipase C → inositol trisphosphate → intracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i) → calmodulin → myosin light chain kinase → phosphorylated myosin → force development. Light stimulation of isolated sphincters pupillae can be very precisely controlled, and precise reproducible photomechanical responses (PMRs) result. This precision makes the PMR ideal for testing models of regulation of smooth muscle myosin phosphorylation. We measured force and [Ca2+]iconcurrently in sphincter pupillae following stimulation by light flashes of varying duration and intensity. We sampled at unusually short (0.01–0.02 s) intervals to adequately test a PMR model based on the myosin phosphorylation cascade. We found, surprisingly, contrary to the behavior of intestinal muscle and predictions of the phosphorylation model, that during PMRs force begins to decay while [Ca2+]iis still rising. We conclude that control of contraction in the sphincter pupillae probably involves an inhibitory process as well as activation by [Ca2+]i.

scholarly journals Secure Optical Encryption Technique for Real Time Security Related Applications - A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1989-1994
Author(s):  
Anusree. L, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Digital System ◽  
Optical Correlation ◽  
Optical Encryption ◽  
Primary Signal ◽  
Sparsity Constraint

Recent development in the digital system shows that data security is most important and that optical encryption can be used not only to keep signals confidential but also to authenticate information. By integrating sparsity constraint with optical encryption, the reconstructed decoder image is not always visually recognizable, but can be authenticated using optical correlation means methods. Traditional optical encryption methods can add an extra layer of security to this design as it authenticates without leaking primary signal information. This paper discusses advances in optical authentication and includes theoretical principles and implementation examples to demonstrate the workings of typical authentication systems. Benchmarking and upcoming possibilities are discussed and it is hoped that this review work useful in advancing the field of optical safety.

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