Correction to: Economic evaluation of the life cycle of a wind farm and improving the levelized cost of energy in region Champagne-Ardenne, France

The cost of energy is an increasingly important issue in the world as renewable energy resources are growing in demand. Performance-based energy contracts are designed to keep the price of energy as low as possible while controlling the risk for both parties (i.e., the Buyer and the Seller). Price and risk are often balanced using complex Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs). Since wind is not a constant supply source, to keep risk low, wind PPAs contain clauses that require the purchase and sale of energy to fall within reasonable limits. However, the existence of those limits also creates pressure on prices causing increases in the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). Depending on the variation in capacity factor (CF), the power generator (the Seller) may find that the limitations on power purchasing given by the utility (the Buyer) are not favorable and will result in higher costs of energy than predicted. Existing cost models do not take into account energy purchase limitations or variations in energy production when calculating an LCOE. A new cost model is developed to evaluate the price of electricity from wind energy under a PPA contract. This study develops a method that an energy Seller can use to negotiate delivery penalties within their PPA. This model has been tested on a controlled wind farm and with real wind farm data. The results show that LCOE depends on the limitations on energy purchase within a PPA contract as well as the expected performance characteristics associated with wind farms.

Download Full-text

Technoeconomic Study of Wind Energy Potential and Prospects in Oman

Volume 5: Energy Systems Analysis, Thermodynamics and Sustainability; NanoEngineering for Energy; Engineering to Address Climate Change, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/imece2010-37873 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Arif S. Malik ◽

Haitham N. Al-Jabri ◽

Fahad N. Al-Farsi ◽

Thani S. Al-Ma’mary ◽

Mohammed K. Al-Khadhuri

Keyword(s):

Wind Energy ◽

Gas Turbines ◽

Wind Farm ◽

Economic Cost ◽

Energy Potential ◽

Levelized Cost ◽

Long Run ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

Wind Energy Potential ◽

Grid Application

This paper reports the study that carried out to find the wind energy potential and prospects in Oman. The results presented here are for three different sites. The first site discussed is for remote non-grid application of wind energy, the second for grid application and the third for wind pump application. The economic comparison for non-grid power applications is made between diesel engine generating sets alone and wind-diesel hybrid system at the selected location. The economic cost of grid system extension is also estimated for comparison purposes. The results show that for non-grid application for the selected site the levelized cost of wind-diesel system is 0.105 $/kWh comparing to 0.148 $/kWh for diesel system alone. For grid power application the study found that installing a 20 MW wind farm in Quiroon Hariti has a levelized cost of energy comparable to long-run marginal cost of open cycle gas turbines. For wind pump application the study found that the total annualized cost of installing wind pumps for irrigating a selected farm in Thumrait without and with one day water storage is $1,368 and $2,067 respectively. The total annualized cost of using a diesel pump for irrigating the same farm is $3,523.

Download Full-text

Techno-economic assessment of energy storage systems using annualized life cycle cost of storage (LCCOS) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) metrics

Journal of Energy Storage ◽

10.1016/j.est.2020.101345 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 101345 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Mostafa H. Mostafa ◽

Shady H.E. Abdel Aleem ◽

Samia G. Ali ◽

Ziad M. Ali ◽

Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Energy Storage ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Storage Systems ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Energy Storage Systems ◽

Levelized Cost ◽

Cost Of Energy

Download Full-text

Assessment of the apparent performance characterization along with levelized cost of energy of wind power plants considering real data

Energy Exploration & Exploitation ◽

10.1177/0144598718767596 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 1708-1728 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zahid H Hulio ◽

Wei Jiang

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

Wind Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Wind Farm ◽

Power Coefficient ◽

Speed Ratio ◽

Data Set ◽

Levelized Cost ◽

Cost Of Energy

Pakistan pursued the renewable energy policy to minimize the cost of energy per kWh as well as dependence on costly imported oil. Jhimpir site is termed as wind corridor and has tremendous proven wind power potential. The site is hosted for the first installed wind power plant. The aim of paper is to investigate the performance and levelized cost of energy of a wind farm. The methodology covers assessment of wind characteristics, performance function and levelized cost of energy model. The measured mean wind speed was found to be 8 m/s at 80 m above the ground level. The average values of standard deviation, Weibull k and c parameters, obtained using entire data set, were found to be 2.563, 3.360 and 8.940 m/s at 80 m. Performance assessment including technical, real availability and average capacity factor was found to be 97, 90 and 34.50%, respectively. It is evident that the power coefficient dropped if wind speed crosses the rated power. So it can be concluded that the efficiency of wind turbine decreased by increased wind speed. Tip speed ratio shows that a wind turbine operating close to optimal lift and drag will exhibit the performance level. Wind turbine performs better at the wind speed between 6 and 10 m/s. The estimated average levelized cost of energy was US $0.11371 and US $0.04092/kWh for 1–10 and 11–20 years, respectively. This makes it competitive in terms of low production cost per kWh to other energy technologies.

Download Full-text

Wind farm layout optimization for levelized cost of energy minimization with combined analytical wake model and hybrid optimization strategy

Energy Conversion and Management ◽

10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114778 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 248 ◽

pp. 114778

Author(s):

Qingshan Yang ◽

Hang Li ◽

Tian Li ◽

Xuhong Zhou

Keyword(s):

Energy Minimization ◽

Wind Farm ◽

Layout Optimization ◽

Hybrid Optimization ◽

Optimization Strategy ◽

Wind Farm Layout ◽

Wind Farm Layout Optimization ◽

Levelized Cost ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

Wake Model

Download Full-text

Electric power generation in wind farms with pumping kites: levelized cost of energy and sensitivity analysis

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. e666974528

Author(s):

Anny Key de Souza Mendonça ◽

Antonio Cezar Bornia

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

High Altitude ◽

Electric Power ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Wind Farm ◽

Wind Farms ◽

Level Energy ◽

Levelized Cost ◽

Cost Of Energy

This research aims to analyze the levelized level energy cost of energy (LCOE) of wind farms with tethered airfoils. For this, it was considering the technical characteristics of the system, the location of operation, the necessary investments and the characteristics of the Brazilian market, to analyze the levelized cost of energy of three wind farm scenarios: Classic wind farm, Wind farm with tethered airfoils operating in Pumping Kite mode and a hybrid park with the two park configurations studied. The research makes use of the LCOE method. The results indicate that the technology with wired airfoils requires less investment and that wind farms with this technology can generate more energy than a classic wind farm of the same nominal power, since the wired airfoils can exploit high altitude winds, where they are more frequent and strong. The results also indicate that wind farms with wired airfoils are not only economically viable, but produce energy at a level cost, well below the values currently practiced for the sale of energy in the domestic market.

Download Full-text