Treatment of Non-Infectious Corneal Injury: Review of Diagnostic Agents, Therapeutic Medications, and Future Targets

Nanoparticles as drug delivery systems and diagnostic agents have gained much attention in recent years, especially for cancer treatment. Nanocarriers improve the therapeutic efficiency and bioavailability of antitumor drugs, besides providing preferential accumulation at the target site. Among different types of nanocarriers for drug delivery assays, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing interest in the academic community. MOFs are an emerging class of coordination polymers constructed of metal nodes or clusters and organic linkers that show the capacity to combine a porous structure with high drug loading through distinct kinds of interactions, overcoming the limitations of traditional drug carriers explored up to date. Despite the rational design and synthesis of MOFs, structural aspects and some applications of these materials like gas adsorption have already been comprehensively described in recent years; it is time to demonstrate their potential applications in biomedicine. In this context, MOFs can be used as drug delivery systems and theranostic platforms due to their ability to release drugs and accommodate imaging agents. This review describes the intrinsic characteristics of nanocarriers used in cancer therapy and highlights the latest advances in MOFs as anticancer drug delivery systems and diagnostic agents.

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Gene-based Therapeutic Tools in the Treatment of Cornea Disease

Current Gene Therapy ◽

10.2174/1566523219666181213120634 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 7-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiao-Xiao Lu ◽

Shao-Zhen Zhao

Keyword(s):

Protein Expression ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Vector System ◽

Corneal Disease ◽

Corneal Injury ◽

Transfer Vectors ◽

Pathological Development ◽

Candidate Protein ◽

Therapeutic Tools

Background: As one of the main blinding ocular diseases, corneal blindness resulted from neovascularization that disrupts the angiogenic privilege of corneal avascularity. Following neovascularization, inflammatory cells are infiltrating into cornea to strengthen corneal injury. How to maintain corneal angiogenic privilege to treat corneal disease has been investigated for decades. Methodology: Local administration of viral and non-viral-mediated anti-angiogenic factors reduces angiogenic protein expression in situ with limited or free of off-target effects upon gene delivery. Recently, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been studied to treat corneal diseases. Once MSCs are manipulated to express certain genes of interest, they could achieve superior therapeutic efficacy after transplantation. Discussion: In the text, we first introduce the pathological development of corneal disease in the aspects of neovascularization and inflammation. We summarize how MSCs become an ideal candidate in cell therapy for treating injured cornea, focusing on cell biology, property and features. We provide an updated review of gene-based therapies in animals and preclinical studies in the aspects of controlling target gene expression, safety and efficacy. Gene transfer vectors are potent to induce candidate protein expression. Delivered by vectors, MSCs are equipped with certain characters by expressing a protein of interest, which facilitates better for MSC-mediated therapeutic intervention for the treatment of corneal disease. Conclusion: As the core of this review, we discuss how MSCs could be engineered to be vector system to achieve enhanced therapeutic efficiency after injection.

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Monocyclic Peptides: Types, Synthesis and Applications

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1573412916666200120155104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 123-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yalda Khazaei-poul ◽

Shohreh Farhadi ◽

Sepideh Ghani ◽

Safar Ali Ahmadizad ◽

Javad Ranjbari

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Cyclic Peptides ◽

Rational Design ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Targeted Therapeutics ◽

Diagnostic Agents ◽

Linear Types ◽

Microbial Agents ◽

Structural Classes

: Peptides are considered to be appropriate tools in various biological fields. They can be primarily used for the rational design of bioactive molecules. They can act as ligands in the development of targeted therapeutics as well as diagnostics, can be used in the design of vaccines or can be employed in agriculture. Peptides can be classified in two broad structural classes: linear and cyclic peptides. Monocyclic peptides are a class of polypeptides with one macrocyclic ring that bears advantages, such as more selective binding and uptake by the target receptor, as well as higher potency and stability compared to linear types. This paper provides an overview of the categories, synthesis methods and various applications of cyclic peptides. The various applications of cyclic peptides include their use as pro-apoptotic and anti-microbial agents, their application as targeting ligands in drug delivery and diagnostic agents, as well as agricultural and therapeutics applications that are elaborated and discussed in this paper.

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Synthesis of Oxytocin HYNIC Derivatives as Potential Diagnostic Agents for Breast Cancer

Bioconjugate Chemistry ◽

10.1021/bc070047a ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 1560-1567 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Alma D. Miranda-Olvera ◽

Guillermina Ferro-Flores ◽

Martha Pedraza-López ◽

Consuelo Arteaga de Murphy ◽

Luis M. De León-Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Diagnostic Agents

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Gamma-Irradiated Cornea in Combat-related Ocular Trauma

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usaa479 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Brian M Davis ◽

Carson Clabeaux ◽

Anton Vlasov ◽

Paul Houghtaling

Keyword(s):

Ocular Trauma ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Corneal Tissue ◽

Significant Cost ◽

Visual Rehabilitation ◽

Military Health ◽

Corneal Injury ◽

Gamma Irradiated ◽

The Military ◽

Penetrating Ocular Trauma

ABSTRACT Corneal injury is a known risk for deployed troops worldwide. To the authors’ knowledge, there has been no reported use of gamma-irradiated corneas in the setting of severe corneal trauma. Our report highlights the case of a 36-year-old active duty solider who sustained bilateral penetrating ocular trauma from a nearby ordnance explosion. We propose that ocular surgeons should consider utilizing gamma-irradiated corneas in (1) a situation where the corneal tissue is so damaged that it would be challenging to accomplish an adequate repair while providing the opportunity for future visual rehabilitation and (2) remote and/or deployed environments where storage of fresh donor tissue is limited. The long shelf life of gamma-irradiated corneas reduces the need for specialized storage equipment and the need for continuous resupply, both potentially leading to significant cost savings for the Military Health System.

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Accuracy in dosimetry of diagnostic agents: impact of the number of source tissues used in whole organ S value-based calculations

EJNMMI Research ◽

10.1186/s13550-020-0614-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anders Josefsson ◽

Klaikangwol Siritantikorn ◽

Sagar Ranka ◽

Jose Willegaignon de Amorim de Carvalho ◽

Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Agents

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Recent Progress in Lipid Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostics: Opportunity and Challenges

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13060840 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 840

Author(s):

Sarah I. Bukhari ◽

Syed Sarim Imam ◽

Mohammad Zaki Ahmad ◽

Parameswara Rao Vuddanda ◽

Sultan Alshehri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Loading ◽

Drug Distribution ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Host Immune System ◽

System A ◽

Conventional Drug ◽

Diagnostic Agents ◽

Causes Of Mortality ◽

Cancer Theranostics ◽

Poor Efficacy

Cancer is one of the major leading causes of mortality in the world. The implication of nanotherapeutics in cancer has garnered splendid attention owing to their capability to efficiently address various difficulties associated with conventional drug delivery systems such as non-specific biodistribution, poor efficacy, and the possibility of occurrence of multi-drug resistance. Amongst a plethora of nanocarriers for drugs, this review emphasized lipidic nanocarrier systems for delivering anticancer therapeutics because of their biocompatibility, safety, high drug loading and capability to simultaneously carrying imaging agent and ligands as well. Furthermore, to date, the lack of interaction between diagnosis and treatment has hampered the efforts of the nanotherapeutic approach alone to deal with cancer effectively. Therefore, a novel paradigm with concomitant imaging (with contrasting agents), targeting (with biomarkers), and anticancer agent being delivered in one lipidic nanocarrier system (as cancer theranostics) seems to be very promising in overcoming various hurdles in effective cancer treatment. The major obstacles that are supposed to be addressed by employing lipidic theranostic nanomedicine include nanomedicine reach to tumor cells, drug internalization in cancer cells for therapeutic intervention, off-site drug distribution, and uptake via the host immune system. A comprehensive account of recent research updates in the field of lipidic nanocarrier loaded with therapeutic and diagnostic agents is covered in the present article. Nevertheless, there are notable hurdles in the clinical translation of the lipidic theranostic nanomedicines, which are also highlighted in the present review along with plausible countermeasures.

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Collaborative symptoms interpretation for cardiac patients as diagnostic agents

Proceedings of the 10th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction - NordiCHI '18 ◽

10.1145/3240167.3240211 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Kjærup ◽

Stefania Kouzeli ◽

Mikael B. Skov ◽

Jesper Kjeldskov ◽

Charlotte S. Skov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Patients ◽

Diagnostic Agents

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Nanomaterial-Mediated Theranostics for Vascular Diseases

Journal of Nanotheranostics ◽

10.3390/jnt2010001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Swati Agrawal ◽

Sunil K. Nooti ◽

Harbinder Singh ◽

Vikrant Rai

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽

Therapeutic Agent ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Imaging Studies ◽

Leg Muscles ◽

Diagnostic Agents ◽

Peripheral Arterial ◽

Complementary Strategy

Nanotechnology could offer a new complementary strategy for the treatment of vascular diseases including coronary, carotid, or peripheral arterial disease due to narrowing or blockage of the artery caused by atherosclerosis. These arterial diseases manifest correspondingly as angina and myocardial infarction, stroke, and intermittent claudication of leg muscles during exercise. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves biological events at the cellular and molecular level, thus targeting these using nanomaterials precisely and effectively could result in a better outcome. Nanotechnology can mitigate the pathological events by enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of the therapeutic agent by delivering it at the point of a lesion in a controlled and efficacious manner. Further, combining therapeutics with imaging will enhance the theranostic ability in atherosclerosis. Additionally, nanoparticles can provide a range of delivery systems for genes, proteins, cells, and drugs, which individually or in combination can address various problems within the arteries. Imaging studies combined with nanoparticles helps in evaluating the disease progression as well as the response to the treatment because imaging and diagnostic agents can be delivered precisely to the targeted destinations via nanocarriers. This review focuses on the use of nanotechnology in theranostics of coronary artery and peripheral arterial disease.

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