Repeat streptococcal B screening cost effective in pregnant women

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-25
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Screening Cost

scholarly journals The 11-13+6 Weeks Scan: Where do We Stand? A 5-year Review at Fernandez Hospital

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suseela Vavilala ◽  
K Geeta
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nuchal Translucency ◽  
Fetal Medicine ◽  
Screening Cost ◽  
Expectant Mothers ◽  
Increased Nuchal Translucency

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the clinical utility of 11-13+6 weeks scan for screening for chromosomal abnormalities and to assess the potential value of the same ultrasound examination in the early diagnosis of fetal structural anomalies. Design A prospective interventional study at Fetal Medicine Unit, Fernandez Hospital Pvt Ltd, a tertiary care perinatal center, Hyderabad, India, between September 2005 and March 2010. Methods All pregnant women < 13+6 weeks at booking are offered a routine obstetric scan between 11 and 13+6 weeks. All scans are done by obstetricians who are accredited by Fetal Medicine Foundation. All expectant mothers undergoing 11-13+6 weeks scan were included; all expectant mothers with antenatal booking after 14 weeks were excluded from the study. Results Between September 2005 and March 2010, a total of 11,012 scans were done between 11 and 13+6 weeks. Complete follow-up was available for 7,916 cases; 1,460 are ongoing pregnancies and 1,636 expectant mothers were lost to follow-up. The median maternal age in our population is 27 years and 340 (4.30%) mothers had advanced (> 35 years) maternal age. The median NT in our population is 1.58 mm. Increased nuchal translucency (NT > 95th percentile) was found in 362 (4.59%) scans. Miscarriages/abortions and termination of pregnancy were significantly higher in women whose fetus had an increased nuchal translucency thickness. Nuchal translucency thickness was significantly higher in women with advanced maternal age (ANOVA F = 0.002, Fishers exact test p-value for equality of medians = 0.04). Absent fetal nasal bones were present in 20 (5.57%) of women with increased NT compared to five (0.07%) women with normal NT. Among 7,916 women, 367 (4.64%) women were screen positive for chromosomal abnormalities. After counseling, only 40 screen-positive women accepted prenatal diagnostic procedures. Skull/brain abnormalities were found in 25 fetal images, abdominal abnormalities in 17, spinal abnormalities in eight, bladder abnormalities in five and cardiac abnormalities in five fetal images. Conclusion The 11-13+6 weeks ultrasound scan is an important diagnostic tool that should be offered to all pregnant women as a routine standard of antenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy in India. However, as a screening tool, it mandates addition of cost-effective biochemical tests. To make the combined screening cost-effective, this study calls for making a national policy for Down's syndrome screening for India.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PLATELET COUNT IN THE PREGNANT WOMEN IN IGIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwi Singh ◽  
Anshuman Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The major risk associated with low platelet count in pregnancy is the increased risk of bleeding during the childbirth or post that. There is an increased blood supply to the uterus during pregnancy and the surgical procedure requires cutting of major blood vessels. Women with thrombocytopenia are at increased risk of losing excessive blood. The risk is more in case of caesarean delivery as compared to vaginal delivery. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of the Platelet Count in the Pregnant Women in IGIMS, Patna, Bihar. The present study was planned in Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India. The present study was planned from duration of January 2019 to June 2019. In the present study 200 pregnant females samples received for the platelet estimation were enrolled in the present study. Clinically platelet indices can be a useful screening test for early identification of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Also platelet indices can assess the prognosis of this disease in pregnant women and can be used as an effective prognostic marker because it correlates with severity of the disease. Platelet count is a simple, low cost, and rapid routine screening test. Hence the data generated from the present study concludes that platelet count can be used as a simple and cost effective tool to monitor the progression of preeclampsia, thereby preventing complications to develop during the gestational period. Keywords: Platelet Count, Pregnant Women, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, etc.

scholarly journals Is an integrated model of school eye health delivery more cost-effective than a vertical model? An implementation research in Zanzibar

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000561
Author(s):  
Ving Fai Chan ◽  
Fatma Omar ◽  
Elodie Yard ◽  
Eden Mashayo ◽  
Damaris Mulewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Research ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Health Delivery ◽  
Screening Cost ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
The Cost

ObjectiveTo review and compare the cost-effectiveness of the integrated model (IM) and vertical model (VM) of school eye health programme in Zanzibar.Methods and analysisThis 6-month implementation research was conducted in four districts in Zanzibar. Nine and ten schools were recruited into the IM and VM, respectively. In the VM, teachers conducted eye health screening and education only while these eye health components were added to the existing school feeding programme (IM). The number of children aged 6–13 years old screened and identified was collected monthly. A review of project account records was conducted with 19 key informants. The actual costs were calculated for each cost categories, and costs per child screened and cost per child identified were compared between the two models.ResultsScreening coverage was 96% and 90% in the IM and VM with 297 children (69.5%) from the IM and 130 children (30.5%) from VM failed eye health screening. The 6-month eye health screening cost for VM and IM was US$6 728 and US$7 355. The cost per child screened for IM and VM was US$1.23 and US$1.31, and the cost per child identified was US$24.76 and US$51.75, respectively.ConclusionBoth models achieved high coverage of eye health screening with the IM being a more cost-effective school eye health delivery screening compared with VM with great opportunities for cost savings.

scholarly journals NESTROFT—A Cost-Effective Mass Screening Tool for the Detection of β-Thalassemia Carrier Status in Anemic Pregnant Women: A Step Toward Reducing the National Disease Burden

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasi Gosavi ◽  
Ramesh Chavan ◽  
M. B. Bellad
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Effective Mass ◽  
Mass Screening ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Carrier Status

Abstract Introduction β-Thalassemias are inherited hemoglobinopathies commonly encountered in practice. With chances of a promising cure being rare, the prevention of births with this disorder should assume priority, especially in low-resource countries. This can be achieved by the implementation of a mass screening program that is reliable and, at the same time, cost-effective. Objectives This study focuses on the utility of Naked Eye Single Tube Red Cell Osmotic Fragility Test (NESTROFT) as a mass screening tool to detect thalassemia carriers. Hematological parameters that may predict carrier status were also evaluated. Materials and Methods Hemoglobin estimation was performed on all consented pregnant women. If the patient was found to have hemoglobin < 11 g/dL, the blood sample was subjected to other routine hematological tests along with peripheral smear examination. NESTROFT was performed using 0.36% saline solution. Confirmation was done using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Statistical Analysis Data obtained were tabulated using version 21 of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Means, standard deviations, and percentages were used to describe the sample. Chi-square test and Students’ “t” test were used to identify differences between the groups. Results Of 441 pregnant women enrolled, 206 were found to be anemic. Nineteen (9.2%) of the anemic pregnant women were detected to be carriers of hemoglobinopathies. Among the hematological parameters, mean red blood cell count and reticulocyte count were higher, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was lower in carriers. Also, carriers were more likely to present with microcytic hypochromic anemia. NESTROFT showed a sensitivity of 84.21%, specificity of 96.25%, a positive predictive value of 69.56%, and a negative predictive value of 98.36%. A false-positive result was seen in 3.74% of the tests, while a false negative result was seen in 15.78% of the tests. Conclusions NESTROFT (0.36%) can be used as a simple and cost-effective mass screening tool for the detection of carrier status. This should be followed by confirmation using HPLC or hemoglobin electrophoresis.

scholarly journals Fragile X syndrome carrier screening in pregnant women in Chinese Han population

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Cheng Hung ◽  
Chien-Nan Lee ◽  
Yu-Chu Wang ◽  
Chih-Ling Chen ◽  
Tze-Kang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Carrier Screening ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Cgg Repeat ◽  
Taiwanese Women

Abstract Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID). It was previously believed that the FXS prevalence was low in Chinese population, and the cost-efficiency of FXS carrier screening was questioned. This retrospective observational study was conducted between September 2014 and May 2017 to determine the prevalence of FXS carriers in a large Chinese cohort of pregnant women. The FMR1 CGG repeat status was determined in 20,188 pregnant Taiwanese women and we identified 26 women with premutation (PM). The PM allele was transmitted to the fetus in 17 pregnancies (56.6%), and six of 17 expanded to full mutation (FM). One asymptomatic woman had a FM allele with 280 CGG repeats. Prenatal genetic diagnosis of her first fetus revealed a male carrying a FMR1 gene deletion of 5′ UTR and exon 1. Her second fetus was a female carrying a FM allele as well. This is so far the largest study of the FXS carrier screening in Chinese women. The prevalence of premutation allele for FXS in normal asymptomatic Taiwanese women was found to be as high as 0.13% (1 in 777) in this study. The empirical evidence suggests that reproductive FXS carrier screening in Taiwan might be cost-effective.

scholarly journals PO 7167 IMPROVING USE OF LONG-LASTING INSECTICIDAL NETS IN KAYANGE COMMUNITY OF NORTH-WESTERN BURUNDI: A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A20.1-A20
Author(s):  
Desire Habonimana ◽  
Gabriel Ndayisaba ◽  
Gideon Nimako
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
General Population ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Quality Improvement Intervention ◽  
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets ◽  
North Western ◽  
Children Under 5

BackgroundThe use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) for malaria prevention is a cost-effective intervention. WHO recommends universal coverage and use of LLINs. In lower- and middle-income countries, LLINs are provided free of charge but are either not used or misused. Our study sought to improve LLIN use in Kayange community of north-western Burundi by using a model for improvement (MFI).MethodsA one-group, pre/post-test study was conducted. LLIN weekly use was assessed for four weeks before intervention and for another four weeks after intervention. The study was conducted in 96 households. The intervention consisted of testing four different weekly small change actions by using the MFI.ResultsOf the 96 households, 83 households (87%) owned at least one LLIN. However, only 40 households (42%) owned at least one LLIN for every two people. After intervention, the number of LLINs used increased from 32 to 75 per cent (134% increase) and the number of persons (general population) sleeping under LLIN from 35 to 73 per cent (108% increase). The number of children under 5 years old sleeping under LLIN increased from 31 to 76 per cent (145% increase) and the number of pregnant women who slept under LLIN from 43 to 73 per cent (69% increase). Also, the averages of the number of nights in each week that the general population slept under LLIN increased from 2.13 to 5.11 (140% increase), children under 5 years old slept under LLIN from 1.68 to 4.78 (184% increase) and pregnant women slept under LLIN from 1.56 to 4.47 (186% increase).ConclusionOur intervention led to significant increase in all outcome indicators. This increase is the result of a combination of an enabling context and an effective implementation of an evidence-based quality improvement intervention. Small tests of change at the community level have the potential for achieving improved outcomes.

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