Role of Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Sickle Cell Trait and Disease

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common hereditary disorder of hemoglobin (Hb), which affects approximately a million people worldwide. It is characterized by a single nucleotide substitution in the β-globin gene, leading to the production of abnormal sickle hemoglobin (HbS) with multi-system consequences. HbS polymerization is the primary event in SCD. Repeated polymerization and depolymerization of Hb causes oxidative stress that plays a key role in the pathophysiology of hemolysis, vessel occlusion and the following organ damage in sickle cell patients. For this reason, reactive oxidizing species and the (end)-products of their oxidative reactions have been proposed as markers of both tissue pro-oxidant status and disease severity. Although more studies are needed to clarify their role, antioxidant agents have been shown to be effective in reducing pathological consequences of the disease by preventing oxidative damage in SCD, i.e., by decreasing the oxidant formation or repairing the induced damage. An improved understanding of oxidative stress will lead to targeted antioxidant therapies that should prevent or delay the development of organ complications in this patient population.

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Severe non-exertional rhabdomyolysis from weight loss supplement in sickle cell trait: A perfect storm?

Case Reports in Internal Medicine ◽

10.5430/crim.v5n1p35 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Titilope Olanipekun ◽

Valery Effoe ◽

Ganiat Adeogun ◽

Agniezka Gaertig ◽

Myrtle White ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Sickle Cell Trait ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

African American Female ◽

Garcinia Cambogia ◽

Exertional Rhabdomyolysis ◽

Serum Creatine Phosphokinase ◽

History Of

Exertional rhabdomyolysis from sickle cell trait has been documented. Also, cases of rhabdomyolysis from the use of weight loss supplements in the setting of sickle cell trait and exertion have been described. However, the role of sickle cell trait in non-exertional rhabdomyolysis is not clear. We present a case of severe non-exertional rhabdomyolysis from weight loss supplement in a patient with sickle cell trait.A 45-year-old African American female with sickle cell trait presented to the emergency department with two days history of fatigue and mild breathlessness. She also reported diarrhea and vomiting for five days before presentation. She admitted to taking Garcinia cambogia (a dietary supplement) for weight loss one week prior to the onset of symptoms. She denied alcohol or drug use, rigorous physical activity or trauma.She was dehydrated on examination. Laboratory values revealed markedly elevated serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and creatinine levels. Garcinia cambogia was discontinued and she was hydrated with intravenous fluids. Her CPK and creatinine levels significantly trended down and she was discharged home with no apparent sequelae.Our patient had multiple episodes of diarrhea and vomiting likely from the use of Garcinia cambogia. We believe she suffered non-exertional rhabdomyolysis from dehydration in the setting of sickle cell trait. Though dietary weight loss supplements are marketed as generally safe, this case suggests otherwise. We emphasize that clinicians routinely inquire about use of these supplements and provide appropriate counseling to patients on the adverse effects, especially among those with sickle cell trait.

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Influence of Haptoglobin Polymorphism on Stroke in Sickle Cell Disease Patients

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes13010144 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 144

Author(s):

Olivia Edwards ◽

Alicia Burris ◽

Josh Lua ◽

Diana J. Wilkie ◽

Miriam O. Ezenwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Sickle Cell Disease ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Free Hemoglobin ◽

Cerebral Tissue ◽

Sickle Hemoglobin ◽

Haptoglobin Polymorphism

This review outlines the current clinical research investigating how the haptoglobin (Hp) genetic polymorphism and stroke occurrence are implicated in sickle cell disease (SCD) pathophysiology. Hp is a blood serum glycoprotein responsible for binding and removing toxic free hemoglobin from the vasculature. The role of Hp in patients with SCD is critical in combating blood toxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and even stroke. Ischemic stroke occurs when a blocked vessel decreases oxygen delivery in the blood to cerebral tissue and is commonly associated with SCD. Due to the malformed red blood cells of sickle hemoglobin S, blockage of blood flow is much more prevalent in patients with SCD. This review is the first to evaluate the role of the Hp polymorphism in the incidence of stroke in patients with SCD. Overall, the data compiled in this review suggest that further studies should be conducted to reveal and evaluate potential clinical advancements for gene therapy and Hp infusions.

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Protective role of l-carnitine supplementation against exhaustive exercise induced oxidative stress in rats

European Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.07.032 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 668 (3) ◽

pp. 407-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Elif Şıktar ◽

Deniz Ekinci ◽

Erdinç Şıktar ◽

Şükrü Beydemir ◽

İlhami Gülçin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Protective Role ◽

Exhaustive Exercise ◽

Carnitine Supplementation ◽

Exercise Induced

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Protective Role of Polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino Supplementation against Exhaustive Swimming Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Liver and Skeletal Muscle of Mice

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.1231 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 962-965 ◽

pp. 1231-1234

Author(s):

Hui Huang ◽

Bo Qi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Protective Role ◽

Swimming Exercise ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Gynostemma Pentaphyllum ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Different Doses

The objective of this study was to investigate the protective role of polysaccharide fromGynostemma pentaphyllumMakino (PGP) supplementation against exhaustive swimming exercise-induced oxidative stress. A total of 48 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose PGP supplementation groups. The control group received distilled water and the supplementation groups received different doses of PGP (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) by gavage once a day for 28 consecutive days. After 28 days, the mice performed an exhaustive swimming exercise, and some biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured. The results showed that PGP supplementation could increase SOD, GPx and CAT contents, as well as decrease MDA contents in the liver and skeletal muscle of mice, which suggests that PGP supplementation has a protective role against exhaustive swimming exercise-induced oxidative stress.

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