scholarly journals Epidemiology of COVID-19 Among Indigenous Populations in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Goulart da Silva ◽  
Pablo Michel Barcelos Pereira ◽  
Williams Ferreira Portela ◽  
Guilherme Cabreira Daros ◽  
Caio Roberto de Almeida Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Populations

Potential Impacts of Extreme Heat and Bushfires on Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 969-978
Author(s):  
Taya L. Farugia ◽  
Carla Cuni-Lopez ◽  
Anthony R. White
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia

Australia often experiences natural disasters and extreme weather conditions such as: flooding, sandstorms, heatwaves, and bushfires (also known as wildfires or forest fires). The proportion of the Australian population aged 65 years and over is increasing, alongside the severity and frequency of extreme weather conditions and natural disasters. Extreme heat can affect the entire population but particularly at the extremes of life, and patients with morbidities. Frequently identified as a vulnerable demographic in natural disasters, there is limited research on older adults and their capacity to deal with extreme heat and bushfires. There is a considerable amount of literature that suggests a significant association between mental disorders such as dementia, and increased vulnerability to extreme heat. The prevalence rate for dementia is estimated at 30%by age 85 years, but there has been limited research on the effects extreme heat and bushfires have on individuals living with dementia. This review explores the differential diagnosis of dementia, the Australian climate, and the potential impact Australia’s extreme heat and bushfires have on individuals from vulnerable communities including low socioeconomic status Indigenous and Non-Indigenous populations living with dementia, in both metropolitan and rural communities. Furthermore, we investigate possible prevention strategies and provide suggestions for future research on the topic of Australian bushfires and heatwaves and their impact on people living with dementia. This paper includes recommendations to ensure rural communities have access to appropriate support services, medical treatment, awareness, and information surrounding dementia.

scholarly journals Overview: The international group for indigenous health measurement and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Michele Connolly ◽  
Kalinda Griffiths ◽  
John Waldon ◽  
Malcolm King ◽  
Alexandra King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Health Measurement ◽  
Country Group ◽  
International Group ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

The International Group for Indigenous Health Measurement (IGIHM) is a 4-country group established to promote improvements in the collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of Indigenous health data, including the impact of COVID-19. This overview provides data on cases and deaths for the total population as well as the Indigenous populations of each country. Brief summaries of the impact are provided for Canada and New Zealand. The Overview is followed by. separate articles with more detailed discussion of the COVID-19 experience in Australia and the US.

Treaties and re-setting the colonial relationship: Lessons for Australia from the Treaty of Waitangi

Ethnicities ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146879682199986
Author(s):  
Dominic O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Treaty Negotiations ◽  
Indigenous Nations ◽  
Australian State ◽  
Treaty Of Waitangi ◽  
First Peoples ◽  
Egalitarian Justice

Colonial hegemony distinguishes relationships between the Australian state and Indigenous nations. British government was violently established and there was no accommodation with the Indigenous populations to allow settlement to proceed, as occurred through treaties in Canada and New Zealand. Indigenous arguments for treaties in Australia are, however, well established. Notwithstanding some Commonwealth and state and territory governments considering such agreements over the past 40 years, none have been concluded, and more modest forms of recognition have been alternatively proposed. In 2015, following extensive Indigenous advocacy, the Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition appointed a Referendum Council to consult on an amendment to the Commonwealth Constitution to recognise Australia’s first peoples. The recommendation of a Voice to Parliament and a Makarrata Commission to oversee truth telling and agreements to allow ‘coming together after a struggle’ suggested a transformative ambition beyond the Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition’s expectations. Makarrata does not stipulate treaties as an ideal form of agreement, but in raising the possibility, the Council added to the concept’s political momentum. This article discusses the place of treaties in contemporary Australian discourse, including treaty negotiations that are in progress in Victoria, Queensland and the Northern Territory. It uses examples from New Zealand’s Treaty of Waitangi to discuss their possibilities and limits in Australia. From these examples, two overarching arguments are made. Firstly, that treaties are potentially transformative, not because they may settle historical grievances, but because their required mutual recognition of each party’s enduring political standing means that they define ongoing, just terms of association. Secondly, the substantively different political arrangements that they presume mean that they are not merely instruments of egalitarian justice and are instead concerned with the distribution of political authority – Indigenous authority over their affairs and through a distinctive and culturally contextualised state citizenship.

scholarly journals COVID-19 fatality in Mexico’s indigenous populations

Public Health ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna D. Argoty-Pantoja ◽  
Karina Robles-Rivera ◽  
Berenice Rivera-Paredez ◽  
Jorge Salmerón ◽  
DrSc
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Populations

Suicidal ideation in an ethnically mixed, highland Guatemalan community

2021 ◽  
pp. 136346152097693
Author(s):  
Carla Pezzia ◽  
Luisa M. Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Survey Responses

Reported suicide rates in Latin America remain low, but there is evidence to suggest they may be increasing, particularly among indigenous populations. To better understand who may be at risk for suicide, we examined the prevalence of suicidal ideation and explored factors contributing to suicidal thoughts in an ethnically mixed, highland Guatemalan community. The data presented in this article are from a mixed methods ethnographic field project conducted over 15 months from 2010 to 2011 in Panajachel, Guatemala. We surveyed a random sample of 350 community members. Survey questions included standardized modules from the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, as well as questions on experiences of violence and mental health care. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 self-selected survey participants with current suicidal ideation. These interviews included questions regarding survey responses, experiences of mental illness, and access to mental health care. A total of 55 survey participants (N = 350; 15.7%) scored positive for suicidality. Ethnic identity, gender, psychiatric illness, and experiences of violence were all correlated to suicidal ideation. Qualitative interview data highlight distinctions between genders within prominent themes of religion, family, experiences of violence, and seeking resources. Three key findings emerged from our research that are relevant to the literature: 1) ethnic identity may be both a critical risk and a protective factor for suicide in some indigenous people; 2) intersections between violence and gender highlight different patterns in suicidal ideation; and 3) high rates of suicidal ideation and other psychiatric comorbidities underscore the need for greater access to mental health services.

scholarly journals What do you mean by engagement? – evaluating the use of community engagement in the design and implementation of chronic disease-based interventions for Indigenous populations – scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahr Wali ◽  
Stefan Superina ◽  
Angela Mashford-Pringle ◽  
Heather Ross ◽  
Joseph A. Cafazzo
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Participatory Research ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Engagement Strategies

Abstract Background Indigenous populations have remained strong and resilient in maintaining their unique culture and values, despite centuries of colonial oppression. Unfortunately, a consequential result of facing years of adversity has led Indigenous populations to experience a disproportionate level of poorer health outcomes compared to non-Indigenous populations. Specifically, the rate of Indigenous chronic disease prevalence has significantly increased in the last decade. Many of the unique issues Indigenous populations experience are deeply rooted in their colonial history and the intergenerational traumas that has subsequently impacted their physical, mental, emotional and spiritual well-being. With this, to better improve Indigenous health outcomes, understanding the local context of their challenges is key. Studies have begun to use modes of community engagement to initiate Indigenous partnerships and design chronic disease-based interventions. However, with the lack of a methodological guideline regarding the appropriate level of community engagement to be used, there is concern that many interventions will continue to fall short in meeting community needs. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the how various community engagement strategies have been used to design and/or implement interventions for Indigenous populations with chronic disease. Methods A scoping review guided by the methods outlined by Arksey and O’Malley was conducted. A comprehensive search was completed by two reviewers in five electronic databases using keywords related to community engagement, Indigenous health and chronic disease. Studies were reviewed using a descriptive-analytical narrative method and data was categorized into thematic groups reflective of the main findings. Results We identified 23 articles that met the criteria for this scoping review. The majority of the studies included the use a participatory research model and the procurement of study approval. However, despite the claimed use of participatory research methods, only 6 studies had involved community members to identify the area of priority and only five had utilized Indigenous interview styles to promote meaningful feedback. Adapting for the local cultural context and the inclusion of community outreach were identified as the key themes from this review. Conclusion Many studies have begun to adopt community engagement strategies to better meet the needs of Indigenous Peoples. With the lack of a clear guideline to approach Indigenous-based participatory research, we recommend that researchers focus on 1) building partnerships, 2) obtaining study approval and 3) adapting interventions to the local context.

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