Application of Normalized Lifetime-Dependent Selling-Price in a Supply Chain Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqas Iqbal ◽  
Biswajit Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Supply Chain Model

scholarly journals Optimal Pricing and Ordering Policy for Two Echelon Varying Production Inventory System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brojeswar Pal ◽  
Shib Sankar Sana ◽  
Kripasindhu Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Ordering Policy ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Production Inventory ◽  
Test Feasibility ◽  
Optimal Ordering

The paper proposes a two-stage supply chain model for price sensitive demand in imperfect production system while manufacturer and supplier are the members of the chain. The supplier screens the raw materials first and supplies good materials to the manufacturer at a constant rate. The production rate varies randomly within a finite interval. The inventory cycle of the manufacturer starts with shortages and production and it finishes with shortages again, in which shortages are partially backlogged. We consider a mixture of LIFO (last in, first out) and FIFO (first in, first out) dispatching policies to fill the backlogged demand. Thus, the objective of the proposed paper is to determine the optimal ordering lot-size and selling price of the manufacturer such that the per unit average integrated expected profit of the supply chain model is maximized. A numerical example is provided to analyze and illustrate the behavior and application of the model. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the key parameters are presented to test feasibility of the model.

Supply Chain Model with Two Storage Facility for Stock Dependent Demand Incorporating Learning and Inflationary Effect under Crisp and Fuzzy Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaman Singh ◽  
Shiv R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Inventory Level ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Purchasing Cost ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Stock Dependent Demand ◽  
Demand Rate ◽  
Cost Parameters ◽  
Dependent Demand

In this paper, a supply chain model with power form stock-dependent demand rate is developed, incorporating the effect of learning and inflationary environment. In order to bring their research closer to reality, all the cost parameters involved in the model are considered fuzzy in nature. The demand rate is assumed to be a polynomial form of current inventory level in Own-warehouse. To display the items, retailer has one warehouse of finite capacity, treated as own warehouse (OW) and may hire another warehouse of large capacity, treated as rented warehouse (RW) to storage the excess inventory. Learning effect is incorporated on retailer's selling price, purchasing cost, part of holding cost, deterioration cost and ordering cost. Proposed model is illustrated with some numerical example along with sensitivity analysis of parameters.

scholarly journals A two-echelon supply chain model with price and warranty dependent demand and pro-rata warranty policy under cost sharing contract

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-75
Author(s):  
Biswarup Samanta ◽  
◽  
Bibhas Chandra Giri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Warranty Period ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Warranty Cost ◽  
Parameter Values

In this article, a two-echelon supply chain model with a single-vendor a single-buyer is considered. The vendor's production process is imperfect and the market demand is assumed to be dependent on the buyer's selling price and warranty period. The vendor consents to return a definite portion of the buyer's purchase value, if any product is found defective within the length of warranty. The refund value or the warranty cost is considered as a function of the warranty period and the buyer's selling price of the item. This warranty cost is assumed to be fully borne by the vendor in the first model (Model I) while in the second model (Model II), it is assumed that the buyer agrees to bear a portion of the warranty cost. The proposed models are solved under decentralized scenario. We also derive and optimize the average total profit of the supply chain in order to obtain the optimal decisions of the centralized model. We consider a Stackelberg game between the vendor and the buyer in the decentralized scenario, where the vendor is assumed to be the leader and the buyer as the pursuer. Through numerical study, it is observed that, with respect to all the key decisions of the models, Model II provides better outcomes than Model I. Sensitivity analysis is also carried out to examine the impacts of changes of parameter-values on the optimum decisions.

scholarly journals The Effect of O2O Retail Service Quality in Supply Chain Management

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimal Kumar Sett ◽  
Bikash Koli Dey ◽  
Biswajit Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Retail Channel ◽  
Retail Service ◽  
Supply Chain Model

The present study focuses on a single-vendor, single-buyer supply chain model for a single type of product with upgraded service provided to the buyer by the vendor. Vendors often increase their profit by providing a lower quality of a particular product. In this study, an advanced supply chain model is developed to increase service in the presence of an unreliable vendor and an online-to-offline (O2O) channeling system. The vendor provides lower quality items to the customer, even though they had committed to providing a certain quality product, in order to increase their profit. For more realistic results, demand is considered to be price-, quality-, and service-dependent. To advertise and sell the products, the manufacturer uses an online system, which the buyer also uses to choose and order the product, where the particular product is delivered to the customer by a third (offline) party; that is, the concept of an O2O retail channel is adopted to improve the service level of the supply chain management (SCM). To control the out-of-control state and improve the production quality, investment is used. Contrary to the literature, service is considered to be constrained, which makes the model more realistic. A classical optimization technique is used to solve the model analytically and a two-echelon supply chain model is obtained under the advanced O2O retail channel, along with optimized profit, shipment volume, selling price, ordering cost, service, back-ordered price discount, lead time, and safety factor values. Some numerical examples and a sensitivity analysis of the key parameters are provided, along with graphical representation, in order to validate the model.

Coordination and competition in two-echelon supply chain using grey revenue-sharing contracts

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayad Hendalianpour ◽  
Mohammad Hamzehlou ◽  
Mohammad Reza Feylizadeh ◽  
Naiming Xie ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Shakerizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Quantity Discount ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supply Chain Model

PurposeThis study examines the potential of contracts as one of the supply chain coordination mechanisms under competitive conditions. It also investigates a two-echelon supply chain model with two manufacturers and two retailers to develop a competitive structure in grey stochastic demand.Design/methodology/approachSupply chain demand is considered as a stochastic phenomenon depending on the selling price of the product. Also, products can be replaced by market manufacturers. Each retailer faces the pricing of products from two manufacturers, leading to competition between downstream retailers. In the present study, the duopoly supply chain model was presented based on the wholesale price contract, revenue-sharing contract and quantity discount contract separately.FindingsGrey optimization and analysis of their coordination were presented. The results showed the high performance of revenue-sharing contracts in the supply chain. Thus, manufacturers will give the next priority to quantity discount contracts.Originality/valueOrdering is the main factor contributing to competitive decision-making. Meanwhile, decision-making along with ordering and pricing will be required due to the nature of the demand.

scholarly journals Two-Echelon Supply Chain Model with Demand Dependent On Price, Promotional Effort and Service Level in Crisp and Fuzzy Environments

2020 ◽  
pp. 317-329
Author(s):  
Sahidul Islam ◽  
Sayan Chandra Deb
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Promotional Effort ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Cost Parameters

This article explores a supply chain model consisting of a single manufacturer and two competing retailers. The manufacturer, as a Stackelberg leader specifies a wholesale price and bears servicing costs of the products. Then, both the retailers advertise the products and sell them to the customers. So, the demand of the products is influenced by selling price, service level and also promotional effort. On the basis of this gaming structure, two mathematical models have been formed - crisp model, where each member of the chain exactly knows all the cost parameters and fuzzy model where those cost parameters are considered as fuzzy numbers. Optimal strategies for the manufacturer and the retailers are determined and some numerical examples have been given. Finally, how perturbations of parameters affect the profits of the chain members have been determined.

Two-echelon imperfect production fuzzy supply chain model for reliability dependent demand with probabilistic deterioration and rework

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sudip Adak ◽  
G.S. Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Defective Items ◽  
Imperfect Production ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Dependent Demand

This paper develops a fuzzy two-layer supply chain for manufacturer and retailer with defective and non-defective types of products. The manufacturer produces up to a specific time, including faulty and non-defective items, and after the screening, the non-defective item sends to the retailer. The retailer’s strategy is to do the screening of items received from the manufacturer; subsequently, the perfect quality items are used to fulfill the customer’s demand, and the defective items are reworked. The retailer considers that customer demand is time and reliability dependent. The supply chain considers probabilistic deterioration for the manufacturer and retailers along with the strategies such as production rate, unit production cost, cost of idle time of manufacturer, screening, rework, etc. The optimum average profit of the integrated model is evaluated for both the cases crisp and fuzzy environments. Managerial insights and the effect of changes in the parameters’ values on the optimal inventory policy under fuzziness are presented.

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