Advanced Anode Materials of Potassium Ion Batteries: from Zero Dimension to Three Dimensions

Abstract Potassium ion batteries (PIBs) with the prominent advantages of sufficient reserves and economical cost are attractive candidates of new rechargeable batteries for large-grid electrochemical energy storage systems (EESs). However, there are still some obstacles like large size of K+ to commercial PIBs applications. Therefore, rational structural design based on appropriate materials is essential to obtain practical PIBs anode with K+ accommodated and fast diffused. Nanostructural design has been considered as one of the effective strategies to solve these issues owing to unique physicochemical properties. Accordingly, quite a few recent anode materials with different dimensions in PIBs have been reported, mainly involving in carbon materials, metal-based chalcogenides (MCs), metal-based oxides (MOs), and alloying materials. Among these anodes, nanostructural carbon materials with shorter ionic transfer path are beneficial for decreasing the resistances of transportation. Besides, MCs, MOs, and alloying materials with nanostructures can effectively alleviate their stress changes. Herein, these materials are classified into 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D. Particularly, the relationship between different dimensional structures and the corresponding electrochemical performances has been outlined. Meanwhile, some strategies are proposed to deal with the current disadvantages. Hope that the readers are enlightened from this review to carry out further experiments better.

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High Capacity and Fast Kinetics of Potassium-Ion Batteries Boosted by Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Spheres

Nano-Micro Letters ◽

10.1007/s40820-021-00706-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jiefeng Zheng ◽

Yuanji Wu ◽

Yong Tong ◽

Xi Liu ◽

Yingjuan Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mesoporous Carbon ◽

Active Sites ◽

Carbon Materials ◽

Potassium Ion ◽

High Rate ◽

Electrochemical Performances ◽

Carbon Spheres ◽

Fast Kinetics ◽

Nitrogen Doped ◽

Economic Price

AbstractIn view of rich potassium resources and their working potential, potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are deemed as next generation rechargeable batteries. Owing to carbon materials with the preponderance of durability and economic price, they are widely employed in PIBs anode materials. Currently, porosity design and heteroatom doping as efficacious improvement strategies have been applied to the structural design of carbon materials to improve their electrochemical performances. Herein, nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon spheres (MCS) are synthesized by a facile hard template method. The MCS demonstrate larger interlayer spacing in a short range, high specific surface area, abundant mesoporous structures and active sites, enhancing K-ion migration and diffusion. Furthermore, we screen out the pyrolysis temperature of 900 °C and the pore diameter of 7 nm as optimized conditions for MCS to improve performances. In detail, the optimized MCS-7-900 electrode achieves high rate capacity (107.9 mAh g−1 at 5000 mA g−1) and stably brings about 3600 cycles at 1000 mA g−1. According to electrochemical kinetic analysis, the capacitive-controlled effects play dominant roles in total storage mechanism. Additionally, the full-cell equipped MCS-7-900 as anode is successfully constructed to evaluate the practicality of MCS.

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An exceptionally large energy cathode with the K–SO4–Cu conversion reaction for potassium rechargeable batteries

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/d0ta10234b ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yongseok Lee ◽

Jung-Keun Yoo ◽

Hyunyoung Park ◽

Wonseok Ko ◽

Jungmin Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rechargeable Batteries ◽

Large Energy ◽

Electrochemical Performances ◽

Operating Voltage ◽

Conversion Reaction ◽

Average Operating

A nano-sized CuSO4/carbon (N-CSO/C) composite achieves outstanding electrochemical performances with a high average operating voltage of ∼2.8 V (vs. K+/K).

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Recent progress and prospects in anode materials for potassium-ion capacitors

New Carbon Materials ◽

10.1016/s1872-5805(21)60019-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 253-277

Author(s):

Tong Li ◽

Han Zhao ◽

Chong-xing Li ◽

Wei-qing Yu ◽

Yuan-chang Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anode Materials ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Potassium Ion

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Recent progress and prospects in anode materials for potassium-ion capacitors

Carbon ◽

10.1016/j.carbon.2021.04.003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 179 ◽

pp. 701

Author(s):

Tong Li ◽

Han Zhao ◽

Chongxing Li ◽

Weiqing Yu ◽

Yuanchang Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anode Materials ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Potassium Ion

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Recent advances in ferromagnetic metal sulfides and selenides as anodes for sodium- and potassium-ion batteries

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/d1ta00831e ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuhan Wu ◽

Chenglin Zhang ◽

Huaping Zhao ◽

Yong Lei

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Rechargeable Batteries ◽

Potassium Ion ◽

Sodium Ion ◽

Metal Sulfides ◽

Sodium Ion Batteries ◽

Next Generation ◽

Cost Competitiveness ◽

Sodium And Potassium

In next-generation rechargeable batteries, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have been considered as attractive alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to their cost competitiveness. Anodes with complicated electrochemical mechanisms...

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Potassium-ion batteries: outlook on the present and future technologies

Energy & Environmental Science ◽

10.1039/d0ee02917c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kai Xi ◽

xin min ◽

Jun Xiao ◽

Minghao Fang ◽

Wei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rechargeable Batteries ◽

Potassium Ion ◽

Charge Carriers ◽

Uneven Distribution ◽

Limited Resources ◽

Strong Motivation ◽

Future Technologies

The limited resources and uneven distribution of lithium stimulate a strong motivation to develop new rechargeable batteries that use alternative charge carriers. Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are at the top of...

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Co-construction of sulfur vacancies and carbon confinement in V5S8/CNFs to induce an ultra-stable performance for half/full sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/d0nr08788b ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lihong Xu ◽

Xiaochuan Chen ◽

Wenti Guo ◽

Lingxing Zeng ◽

Tao Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fibers ◽

Anode Materials ◽

High Energy ◽

Potassium Ion ◽

Sodium Ion ◽

Sodium Ion Batteries ◽

Vanadium Sulfide ◽

Stable Performance

To construct anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) with high energy, and long lifespan is significant and still challenging. Here, sulfur-defective vanadium sulfide/carbon fibers composite (D-V5S8/CNFs)...

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Enhanced Electrochemical Performances of Hollow-Structured N-Doped Carbon Derived from a Zeolitic Imidazole Framework (ZIF-8) Coated by Polydopamine as an Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14092436 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2436

Author(s):

Da-Won Lee ◽

Achmad Yanuar Maulana ◽

Chaeeun Lee ◽

Jungwook Song ◽

Cybelle M. Futalan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Materials ◽

Hollow Structure ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Reversible Capacity ◽

Electrical Performance ◽

Electrochemical Performances ◽

Effective Surface ◽

Voltage Range ◽

Hollow Structures ◽

A Current

Doping heteroatoms such as nitrogen (N) and boron (B) into the framework of carbon materials is one of the most efficient methods to improve the electrical performance of carbon-based electrodes. In this study, N-doped carbon has been facilely synthesized using a ZIF-8/polydopamine precursor. The polyhedral structure of ZIF-8 and the effective surface-coating capability of dopamine enabled the formation of N-doped carbon with a hollow structure. The ZIF-8 polyhedron served as a sacrificial template for hollow structures, and dopamine participated as a donor of the nitrogen element. When compared to ZIF-8-derived carbon, the HSNC electrode showed an improved reversible capacity of approximately 1398 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles, with excellent cycling retention at a voltage range of 0.01 to 3.0 V using a current density of 0.1 A·g−1.

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