scholarly journals Defect and Doping Co-Engineered Non-Metal Nanocarbon ORR Electrocatalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
Feng He ◽  
Yijun Chen ◽  
Jiawei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Defect Engineering ◽  
Heteroatom Doping ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Earth Abundant ◽  
Induced Defects ◽  
Carbon Based

AbstractExploring low-cost and earth-abundant oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst is essential for fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Among them, non-metal nanocarbon with multiple advantages of low cost, abundance, high conductivity, good durability, and competitive activity has attracted intense interest in recent years. The enhanced ORR activities of the nanocarbons are normally thought to originate from heteroatom (e.g., N, B, P, or S) doping or various induced defects. However, in practice, carbon-based materials usually contain both dopants and defects. In this regard, in terms of the co-engineering of heteroatom doping and defect inducing, we present an overview of recent advances in developing non-metal carbon-based electrocatalysts for the ORR. The characteristics, ORR performance, and the related mechanism of these functionalized nanocarbons by heteroatom doping, defect inducing, and in particular their synergistic promotion effect are emphatically analyzed and discussed. Finally, the current issues and perspectives in developing carbon-based electrocatalysts from both of heteroatom doping and defect engineering are proposed. This review will be beneficial for the rational design and manufacturing of highly efficient carbon-based materials for electrocatalysis.

scholarly journals N-doped carbon nanomaterials are durable catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in acidic fuel cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. e1400129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianglan Shui ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Feng Du ◽  
Liming Dai
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Carbon Based

The availability of low-cost, efficient, and durable catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a prerequisite for commercialization of the fuel cell technology. Along with intensive research efforts of more than half a century in developing nonprecious metal catalysts (NPMCs) to replace the expensive and scarce platinum-based catalysts, a new class of carbon-based, low-cost, metal-free ORR catalysts was demonstrated to show superior ORR performance to commercial platinum catalysts, particularly in alkaline electrolytes. However, their large-scale practical application in more popular acidic polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells remained elusive because they are often found to be less effective in acidic electrolytes, and no attempt has been made for a single PEM cell test. We demonstrated that rationally designed, metal-free, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes and their graphene composites exhibited significantly better long-term operational stabilities and comparable gravimetric power densities with respect to the best NPMC in acidic PEM cells. This work represents a major breakthrough in removing the bottlenecks to translate low-cost, metal-free, carbon-based ORR catalysts to commercial reality, and opens avenues for clean energy generation from affordable and durable fuel cells.

scholarly journals Highly Active Carbon-Based Electrocatalysts for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Brief Review

Physics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-424
Author(s):  
Chi-Ang Tseng ◽  
Chuan-Pei Lee
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Carbon Based

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional silicon-based solar cells due to their relatively high conversion efficiency, low cost, flexibility, and environmentally benign fabrication processes. In DSSCs, platinum (Pt)-based materials used as the counter electrode (CE) exhibit the superior catalytic ability toward the reduction reaction of triiodide ions, which are attributed to their excellent catalytic activity and high electrical conductivity. However, Pt-based materials with high cost and limited supply hinder them from mass production. Developing highly active and stable CE materials without noble metals has been a persistent challenge for the practical application in DSSCs. Recently, a number of earth-abundant catalysts, especially carbon-based materials, display high activity, low cost, and good stability that render them attractive candidates to replace Pt in DSSCs. Herein, we will briefly review recent progress on carbon-based electrocatalysts as CEs in DSSC applications. The strategies of improving the catalytic activity of carbon-based materials such as structural engineering and/or heteroatom doping will be introduced. The active sites toward the reduction reaction of triiodide ions summarized from experimental results or theoretical calculation will also be discussed. Finally, the futuristic prospects and challenges of carbon-based electrocatalysts as CEs in DSSCs will be briefly mentioned.

Si–C–F decorated porous carbon materials: A new class of electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (20) ◽  
pp. 7924-7929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Comail Abbas ◽  
Kui Ding ◽  
Qin Liu ◽  
Yiyin Huang ◽  
Yakun Bu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Porous Carbon Materials ◽  
New Class ◽  
Earth Abundant

The development of efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts composed of low cost and earth abundant elements is imperative for several energy systems.

Controllable Atomic Defect Engineering in Layered NixFe1-x(OH)2 Nanosheets for Electrochemical Overall Water Splitting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ma ◽  
Jiajia Ge ◽  
Jin You Zheng ◽  
Jiangwei Zhang ◽  
Suyu Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Defect Engineering ◽  
Overall Water Splitting ◽  
Earth Abundant

Exploring efficient electrocatalysts through controllable defect engineering in materials with low-cost and earth-abundant elements is highly desired for overall water splitting. Herein, a hybrid electrocatalyst was accomplished by growing layered...

scholarly journals Regulating Fe-spin state by atomically dispersed Mn-N in Fe-N-C catalysts with high oxygen reduction activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gege Yang ◽  
Jiawei Zhu ◽  
Pengfei Yuan ◽  
Yongfeng Hu ◽  
Gan Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Spin State ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Model Object ◽  
Reduction Activity

AbstractAs low-cost electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction applied to fuel cells and metal-air batteries, atomic-dispersed transition metal-nitrogen-carbon materials are emerging, but the genuine mechanism thereof is still arguable. Herein, by rational design and synthesis of dual-metal atomically dispersed Fe,Mn/N-C catalyst as model object, we unravel that the O2 reduction preferentially takes place on FeIII in the FeN4 /C system with intermediate spin state which possesses one eg electron (t2g4eg1) readily penetrating the antibonding π-orbital of oxygen. Both magnetic measurements and theoretical calculation reveal that the adjacent atomically dispersed Mn-N moieties can effectively activate the FeIII sites by both spin-state transition and electronic modulation, rendering the excellent ORR performances of Fe,Mn/N-C in both alkaline and acidic media (halfwave positionals are 0.928 V in 0.1 M KOH, and 0.804 V in 0.1 M HClO4), and good durability, which outperforms and has almost the same activity of commercial Pt/C, respectively. In addition, it presents a superior power density of 160.8 mW cm−2 and long-term durability in reversible zinc–air batteries. The work brings new insight into the oxygen reduction reaction process on the metal-nitrogen-carbon active sites, undoubtedly leading the exploration towards high effective low-cost non-precious catalysts.

Atomic layer deposited molybdenum disulfide on Si photocathodes for highly efficient photoelectrochemical water reduction reaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 3304-3310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungtaeg Oh ◽  
Jun Beom Kim ◽  
Jun Tae Song ◽  
Jihun Oh ◽  
Soo-Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Layer Deposition ◽  
Molybdenum Disulfide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Water Reduction ◽  
Noble Metal Catalysts ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Earth Abundant

MoS2 is an earth-abundant and low-cost HER electrocatalyst that can substitute noble metal catalysts. Here, we develop the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of MoS2 nanomaterials on p-Si photocathodes for highly efficient and stable PEC water reduction reactions.

Strategies for boosting carbon electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in non-aqueous metal–air battery systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 6671-6693
Author(s):  
Weijie Li ◽  
Chao Han ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Shulei Chou ◽  
Shixue Dou
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
High Conductivity ◽  
Battery Systems ◽  
Air Battery ◽  
Carbon Based

Carbon-based materials stand out from all possible non-precious metal-based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts, owing to their low cost, high conductivity, and variety of allotropes with different bonding and structures.

Mechanistic Understanding and Design of Non-noble Metal-based Single-atom Catalysts Supported on Two-dimensional Materials for CO2 Electroreduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Huang ◽  
Faisal Rehman ◽  
Mohsen Tamtaji ◽  
Xuning Li ◽  
Yanqiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
Earth Abundant ◽  
Co2 Reduction Reaction

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) composing of low-cost, earth-abundant metals, with two-dimensional material supports have displayed great potential in a wide range of electrochemical reactions, including CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to convert...

Defect engineering in earth-abundant electrocatalysts for CO2 and N2 reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1730-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qichen Wang ◽  
Yongpeng Lei ◽  
Dingsheng Wang ◽  
Yadong Li
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Defect Engineering ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Earth Abundant

The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CRR) and N2 reduction reaction (NRR), which convert inert small molecules into high-value products under mild conditions, have received much research attention.

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