EMPLOYEE LOYALTY IN RELATION TO THE WHISTLEBLOWER DIRECTIVE

The whistleblower protection directive may have a significant impact on the essence of understanding employee loyalty in employment relationships. In this paper I argue that the possibility of whistleblowing does not contradict employee duties as expressed in Article 100 § 2 section 4 of the Labor Code. In my opinion, the thesis should be put forward that the employee’s duty of loyalty is limited to the employer’s lawful actions. It would be unacceptable to state that the employment relationship restricts the employee’s freedom of speech in the sense that it prohibits the employee from opposing the employer’s unlawful conduct. Moreover, in my view, the employee’s duty of loyalty should be interpreted in such a way that it is horizontal in nature. This is because it refers to business relations between market entities. The doctrine and judicature extensively describe breaches of the duty of loyalty by employees in the context of horizontal relationships, relating to other market players, particularly those engaged in competitive activity (the unit-unit relationship). In contrast, the provisions of the Directive on the protection of whistleblowers are vertical standards, relating to the relationship between the individual and the state (public interest). Thus, in my view, the duty of loyalty to the employer cannot outweigh the possibility of acting in the public interest, which is emanated by the provisions of the Directive.

Competitive Activity of Weightlifters at the XXXII Olympic Games 2020 in Tokyo: Results and Prospects

Purpose: to study the indicators of the competitive activity of the strongest weightlifters in the world at the Games of the XXXII Olympiad 2020 and to identify trends for further increasing their sports results, taking into account weight categories and gender differences. Material and methods. By studying scientific literature, Internet resources, competition protocols, pedagogical observations, video recordings of competitions, we analyzed the achievements of 140 weightlifters who took part in the Games of the XXXII Olympiad 2020 in Tokyo and the number of countries they represented. All indicators of competitive activity and age characteristics were grouped according to the following principle: among the top 10 weightlifters in each weight category, as well as separately among the prize-winners of competitions among men and women. Results. The sports results of the top 10 weightlifters of each weight category among men and women who took part in competitions, age characteristics, the rate of achievements in a sports career, the level of approaches implementation and international competition were analyzed. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the number of countries and licenses received by the athletes of these countries, world and Olympic records, the effectiveness of the performances of the world's leading weightlifters at the Olympic Games is shown. The optimal age for achieving the highest results, the age of the beginning of the sport for the prize-winners of the competition, the rate of achieving maximum results in a sports career, sports results, the level of implementation of competitive approaches, the rate of increase in achievements in competitive exercises, the value of starting results, the level of international competition in each weight category in men and women, the characteristics of the dynamics of the results of the most titled athletes during their sports career, who took part in the Olympic Games, are given.

Justification of Hand-to-Hand Combat – a Service-Applied Sport as an Element of Special Physical Training of Law Enforcement Officers

The purpose of the study was to substantiate the effectiveness of hand-to-hand combat as a service-applied sport in the process of physical training of law enforcement officers. Materials and methods. Theoretical analysis of scientific and methodical literature, generalization of scientific data of modern approaches to the organization of the process of special physical training of law enforcement officers, pedagogical observations and pedagogical experiment were used. To determine the operational composition of technical and tactical actions used by law enforcement officers in their professional activities and differences in martial arts on various grounds, an analysis of video materials of competitions among law enforcement agencies in hand-to-hand combat from the section "Demonstrations of applied equipment" of hand-to-hand combat in 2019-2020 was used. Results and discussion. The use of hand-to-hand combat - service-applied sport as an element of special physical training of law enforcement officers is substantiated. It is established that the distinguishing feature of hand-to-hand combat as a sport and part of special physical training of law enforcement officers is the presence of directions of work with weapons (stick, knife, pistol, machine gun), counteraction to several attackers and the use of an element of surprise (unexpected attack). The operational composition of the means used by law enforcement officers in their professional activities and athletes in different types of martial arts and the differences between the types of martial arts by different distinctions are determined. Conclusion. Hand-to-hand combat is a unique service-applied sport, which consists of sections "Demonstration of applied equipment" and "Duels". A distinctive feature of hand-to-hand combat as a sport and part of special physical training of law enforcement officers is the presence of areas of work with weapons (stick, knife, pistol, machine gun), resistance to several attackers and the use of an element of surprise (unexpected attack). The content of competitive activity in the section "Demonstration of applied equipment" of hand-to-hand combat fully corresponds to the specifics of solving operational and service tasks without the use and with the use of weapons by law enforcement officers. The operational composition of the means used by law enforcement officers in their professional activities and athletes in various martial arts (hand-to-hand combat, combat sambo, pankration) are identical, which in turn allows in the process of special physical training of law enforcement officers to conduct classes in these martial arts. According to the main features that distinguish different types of martial arts (clothing, allowed and prohibited by law ways to achieve advantage, the position in which to fight, the size and features of the site, the time allotted for technical and tactical actions) hand-to-hand combat is most suitable for special physical training, training of law enforcement officers. It is proved that hand-to-hand combat is the most suitable type of martial arts for special physical training of law enforcement officers

153 Fragmented QRS in athletes

Aims Fragmented QRS (fQRS), defined as the presence of additional peaks within the QRS complex (<120 ms) in at least two contiguous leads, was considered as a pattern of fibrosis. However, fQRS can also be detected during pre-participation cardiovascular screening. To assess determinants of fQRS in athletes of different sports. Methods and results Retrospective study conducted on 605 non-sedentary subjects undergoing pre-participation cardiovascular screening for competitive activity in six disciplines (athletics, football, cycling, swimming, basketball, and volleyball). All subjects underwent ECG for the search of fQRS and transthoracic echocardiography. Predictors of fQRS were investigated using multivariate logistic analysis adjusted for. fQRS was found in 47 of 605 subjects. On multivariate logistic analysis, fQRS was positively associated with age (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.05), male sex (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.13–0.94), whereas no association with sport discipline was observed (0.91; 0.73–1.12). When echocardiographic parameters were considered, fQRS was associated with cardiac mass index (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00–1.03) and E wave (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96–0.99). Conclusions At pre-participation cardiovascular screening, the fQRS finding increases with age, is more frequent in males, and seems to be independent from practiced sport. Furthermore, fQRS in athletes appears to be associated with parameters of physiological hypertrophy (LV cardiac mass index and diastolic function).

Modeling the educational process on the example of training volleyball players

The purpose of the article is to analyze the experience of modeling the educational and training process for training volleyball players. Methodology: the research is carried out on the example of volleyball players' educational-training process formation. The article reveals the process of speed-strength readiness as an indicator characterizing the success of the performance of game teams. The research includes revealing the influence of students' physical abilities on the effectiveness of competitive activity: speed-strength, agility, endurance. Results: carrying out tests by Uchelli and Bosco allow determining the effectiveness of the model of the educational and training process implemented in training volleyball players.

Рedagogical conditions for the implementation of the model for forming the readiness of future physical education teachers to organize the competitive activities of students

Актуальность статьи обусловлена тем, что важным фактором социального заказа в образовании является подготовка конкурентоспособного профессионала на рынке труда, что обусловливает новые требования к подготовке современного педагога в области физической культуры и спорта. Многие авторы в своих работах отмечают тот факт, что студенты нуждаются в дальнейшем изучении темы формирования готовности будущих учителей физической культуры к организации соревновательной деятельности обучающихся, организации и работе с ведущими специалистами в этой области в обосновании и поиске новых форм и методов коррекции положительных результатов подготовки будущих специалистов в области физической культуры. Данный факт обусловливает необходимость соответствующих изменений в подготовке будущих учителей физической культуры в системе высшего образования. Это нашло отражение в содержании нового Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования от 09.02.2016 г. по направлению подготовки 44.03.05 Педагогическое образование, основной профессиональной образовательной программе Цель статьи заключается в теоретическом описании модели формирования готовности будущих учителей физической культуры к организации соревновательной деятельности обучающихся и обосновании педагогических условий ее реализации. В статье рассмотрены результаты проведенного исследования за период с 2019 по 2020 учебный год со студентами очной формы обучения ФГБОУ ВО «Марийский государственный университет», факультет физической культуры, спорта и туризма в количестве 50 человек по разработке и внедрению в образовательный процесс высшего учебного заведения модели формирования готовности будущих учителей физической культуры к организации соревновательной деятельности обучающихся, а также выявлены и теоретически обоснованы педагогические условия ее реализации. Статья предназначена для работников общеобразовательных учреждений. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that an important factor of social order in education is the training of a competitive professional in the labor market, which determines new requirements for the training of a modern teacher in the field of physical culture and sports. Many authors in their works note the fact that students need to further study the topic of the formation of the readiness of future physical culture teachers to organize the competitive activity of students, organize and work with leading experts in this field in substantiating and searching for new forms and methods of correcting the positive results of training future specialists in the field of physical culture. This fact determines the need for appropriate changes in the training of future physical culture teachers in the higher education system. This is reflected in the content of the new Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education dated 02.09.2016 in the direction of training 03.44.05 Pedagogical education, the main professional educational program. substantiation of the pedagogical conditions for its implementation. The article discusses the results of the study for the period from 2019 to 2020 academic year with full-time students of "Mari State University", Faculty of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism in the amount of 50 people on the development and implementation of a model of formation in the educational process of a higher educational institution the readiness of future physical culture teachers to organize the competitive activity of students, as well as revealed and theoretically substantiated pedagogical conditions for its implementation. The article is intended for employees of educational institutions.

Analysis of the competitive activity of judokas in light weight categories during the World Championship among adults in 2021

Purpose: to analyze the indicators of the competitive activity of judokas in light weight categories during the World Championship among adults in 2021. Material and methods. During the work, the following research methods were used: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature; timing; analysis of protocols and video recordings of fights of highly qualified judokas in weight categories up to 60 and 66 kg, methods of mathematical statistics. 49 fights of judoists in the weight category up to 60 kg and 61 fights in the weight category up to 66 kg during the World Judo Championship among adults 2021 (Hungary, Budapest) were analyzed. Results: the analysis of the received comments of highly qualified judokas of light weight categories shows that most of the comments were received by the athletes for not wrestling (up to 60 kg – 35 %; up to 66 kg – 36 %), for avoiding capture (up to 60 kg – 21 %, up to 66 kg – 27 %), the use of false attacks (up to 60 kg – 16 %, up to 66 kg – 13 %) and for fighting in a defensive position (up to 60 kg – 4 %, up to 66 kg – 6 %). The analysis of technical actions of highly qualified judokas of light weight categories made it possible to reveal the total number of effective actions. So, in the weight category up to 60 kg, athletes performed 59 effective technical actions, including 48 (81 %) in a standing position and 11 (19 %) in a parterre and lying position. Moreover, in the stand, 36 (75 %) actions were assessed by the judges for «Vasari», and 12 (25 %) for «Ippon». In the parterre and lying position - 3 (27 %) for «Vasari», 8 (73 %) for «Ippon». In the weight category up to 66 kg, athletes performed 57 effective technical actions, including 50 (87 %) in a standing position and 7 (13%) in a parterre and lying position. 38 (76 %) actions in a standing position were assessed by the judges for «Vasari», 12 (24 %) for «Ippon». In the parterre and lying position - 1 (14 %) for «Vasari», 6 (86 %) for «Ippon». Also, the main effective technical actions were identified, which are most often used by athletes in a standing position, a parterre position and lying down. So, for athletes in the weight category up to 60 kg, these are: throw over the back from their knees (19 %), grab (11 %), grab from the inside (11 %), unbalance by pushing back (11 %), elbow lever (46 %), hold on top (36 %), hold across (18 %). In the weight category up to 66 kg, the most often performed such effective technical actions were pick-up from the inside (14 %), unbalance with a push back (12 %), throw over the back from the knees, through the chest with a deflection (8 %), hold across, hold from the side heads (29 %). Conclusions. It has been established that athletes of light weight categories in most cases conduct reconnaissance battles, use defensive positions, false attacks in order to catch an opponent on a mistake. When conducting fights in this manner, they most often receive comments on not fighting, avoiding capture, using false attacks and for fighting in a defensive position. It was revealed that the struggle of athletes of light weight categories mainly takes place in the standing position. Technical actions in the parterre position and lying are more effective. Sportsmen of two weight categories used the following technical actions in a standing position more: throws over the back (from the knees, grabbing an arm on the shoulder), grabs, holds, unbalance by pushing back. In the parterre position and lying position, athletes of two weight categories used different types of holdings and the elbow lever more. Keywords: judo, athletes, competitive activity, indicators, highly qualified, light weight categories.

Comparative analysis of indicators of competitive activity of the strongest male and female fighters of mixed martial arts MMA

Purpose: to conduct a comparative analysis of the indicators of the competitive activity of the strongest fighters of men and women of mixed martial arts MMA from the TOP-10, regardless of weight. Material and methods. The research used the following methods: analysis of scientific and methodological information and Internet sources; generalization of best practical experience; analysis of protocols and videos of the competitive activity of men and women fighters from the TOP-10, regardless of weight; methods of mathematical statistics. The performance output of the strongest male and female MMA fighters is taken from the UFC website. Results: the analysis of the strongest fighters of women and men from the TOP-10, regardless of weight, showed that the average age of women is 32,7±3,74 years, and of men – 33,2±2,75 years. The average fight time for women is 16,25±3,43 minutes, and for men – 12,76±3,05 minutes. The TOP-10 strongest female fighters, regardless of weight, include representatives of six countries (four fighters from the United States, two representatives from Brazil and one athlete each from Kyrgyzstan, China, and the Netherlands), and the TOP-10 strongest male fighters regardless of weight also includes representatives of six countries (four fighters from the USA, two representatives from Russia and one athlete each from France, Nigeria, Brazil, Australia). It was found that male fighters from the TOP-10, regardless of weight, during their sports careers won 204 fights and lost 17 fights. For female fighters, these results are worse – 151 wins and 35 losses. Conclusions. Comparative analysis of the indicators of the competitive activity of the strongest fighters of women and men from the TOP-10, regardless of weight, showed that fighters of women and men deliver the same number of punches per minute (4,52 punches), and women fighters miss more punches (3,36 punches) than male fighters (2,60 strokes). The greatest number of punches was carried out by women and men in a standing position (women – 66,9 %; men – 64,6 %), then on the ground (women – 19,0 %; men – 21,6 %) and in a clinch (women – 14,1 %; men – 13,8 %). The largest number of blows are in the head (women – 60,2 %; men – 68,4 %), then on the body (women – 20,9 %; men – 18,3 %) and on the legs (women – 18,9 %; men – 13,3 %). The strongest fighters, women and men, defend against takedowns more efficiently (women – 77,5 %; men – 81,6 %) than against punches (women – 56,8 %; men – 59,8 %). The number of takedown attempts in 15 minutes is greater (women – 1,53 times; men – 1,86 times) than performing a submission in 15 minutes (women – 0,55 times; men – 0,53 times). Keywords: competitive activity, mixed martial arts MMA, TOP-10, indicators, fighters, men, women.

Relationships between the heart rate of badminton players 10-12 years in a competitive activity

An integral indicator that helps to regulate the parameters of external load for badminton athletes is the heart rate. Considering the requirements for physical preparation and significant interdependence with the functionality of young athletes, we consider it appropriate and informative to determine this indicator in the dynamics of competitive activities and to establish the relationship of these data. Purpose: to establish the relationship between heart rate indicators within the competitive activities of Ukrainian badminton players d 10-12 years at the stage of preliminary basic preparation. Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological data to clarify the problem field of research, pedagogical observations of heart rate indicators during the competitive activities of Ukrainian badminton players 10-12 years, methods of mathematical statistics for processing the data. During 2019, competitive activities were analyzed with the participation of 67 badminton players 10-12 years in competitions of the national level. Results. The essence of the impact of physical activity on the organism of badminton players 10-12 years was determined by zones. The first zone provided for the indicators to be in the range of 124 beats/min., the second – 125−145 beats/min., the third – 146−166 beats/min., the fourth –167−187 beats/min. and the fifth – more than 188 beats/min. After analyzing the data, the correlation coefficient between 16 groups of data was determined. It was reflected certain characteristics of the heart rate in the conditions of competitive activity. Conclusions. The correlations of heart rate indicators within the competitive activity of Ukrainian badminton players 10-12 years at the stage of preliminary basic preparation was established. These correlations indicated that with increasing stay of athletes in the fifth zone of heart rate decreases duration and share of stay in the first-third zones of heart rate. At the same time the indicators of average and maximum heart rate of athletes in the conditions of competitive activity increase. In all load zones (according to heart rate) there is a high level of density between the indicator of absolute duration and the relative share of stay in the corresponding load zone (r = 0.89−0.92).