scholarly journals Gazelle Hunting Strategies in the Early Ahmarian: Close-Range Visuospatial Characteristics of Site Locations Indicate Spatially Focused Hunting Strategies on Gazella sp. During the Early Ahmarian

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Sauer ◽  
Jonathan Schoenenberg
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Hunting Strategies ◽  
Human Scale ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Visual Conditions

AbstractVisual conditions around Palaeolithic sites determine how the landscape was perceived by prehistoric hunter-gatherers. By placing the site in different landscapes, different visual foci were encoded in the locational characteristics of the different places. For the Early Ahmarian sites in the Levant, it can be shown that visual characteristics differ significantly with the combination of large ungulate prey exploited at the respective location. A Higuchi viewshed approach was combined with total viewsheds of the study area to introduce a human scale into the viewshed modelling. While diverse prey locations in the Mediterranean biome provide an overview over the landscape, specialised prey locations in the steppe biomes of the Irano-Turanian and Saharo-Arabian biome have their focus on the immediate vicinity of the sites. This correlates with the placement of sites in the context of highly humid environments which can be best exemplified with the site of Al-Ansab 1 in the escarpments of the Jordanian Rift Valley. Here, the environmental conditions acted as a magnet, focusing gazelles on the migration between different environments.

Mesolithic mortuary ritual at Franchthi Cave, Greece

Antiquity ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (263) ◽  
pp. 270-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Human Remains ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
Mortuary Ritual ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Southern Greece ◽  
Mesolithic Burials

Mesolithic sites are rare in the Aegean, and Mesolithic burials are uncommon throughout Europe. The Mesolithic human remains from Franchthi Cave, that remarkable, deeply stratified site in southern Greece, offer a rare glimpse into the burial practices of early Holocene hunter-gatherers of the Mediterranean.

scholarly journals Transplantation of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica through naturalistic engineering techniques: value, weakness and further improvements

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Acunto ◽  
Luigi Piazzi ◽  
Francesco L. Cinelli ◽  
Anna Maria De Biasi ◽  
Lorenzo Pacciardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Selection Of

Transplantation of seagrasses is considered a useful method to favour the recovery of degraded meadows. Hence, many projects have been carried out worldwide and a manifold of techniques have been applied. However, the choice of transplantation procedures remains a main problem to be assessed. In order to optimize efforts and to minimize risks of plants loss, the applied methodologies should take into account typology of hosting substratum, hydrodynamic conditions, depth and seagrass species. Due to their fundamental ecological role in the Mediterranean coastal system, many restoration projects aiming to preserve Posidonia oceanica meadows took place in the last decades. Several transplantation techniques have produced different results. In fact the same transplanting methodology may originate diverse results under different environmental conditions. Recently, naturalistic engineering techniques developed on land, have been used for transplantations of P. oceanica. Pilot projects concerning small surfaces were carried out between 2006 and 2010. More recently, a large-scale program (0.1 km2) was realized in 2012 at Civitavecchia (Roma, Thyrrenian Sea). The applied technique consists basically of mattresses filled with sand coupled with a net covering able to hold steady in situ the plant rhizomes. These structures have been variously modified in time to be adapted to the different type of substratum and various hydrodynamic conditions of the transplanting sites. Following the results of these transplantation experiences, we analyzed pros and cons of the techniques in order to improve the methodology. Firstly, these techniques may be considered suitable to large-scale projects allowing to minimize transplantation times. Secondly, the rhizomes may be successfully fixed to the structures; the majority of the transplanted shoots was not damaged showing a very good vegetative vitality with the production of new rhizomes, leaves and roots few months after transplanting. Finally, this procedure is flexible, as the basic technique can be modified and tailored to the various environmental conditions of the different receiving site. However, the results obtained in different areas are highly heterogeneous suggesting that a careful selection of the hosting site is a focal point. To this aim, a pilot study before the beginning of large-scale project seems mandatory, providing a fundamental support to guarantee successful results.

Clovis Hunting Strategies, or How to Make out on Plentiful Resources

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Waguespack ◽  
Todd A. Surovell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Large Mammal ◽  
Small Game ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Hunting Strategies ◽  
Alternative Diet

Traditionally, hunter-gatherers of the Clovis period have been characterized as specialized hunters of large terrestrial mammals. Recent critiques have attempted to upend this position both empirically and theoretically, alternatively favoring a more generalized foraging economy. In this paper, the distinction between subsistence specialists and generalists is framed in terms of forager selectivity with regards to hunted prey, following a behavioral ecological framework. Faunal data are compiled from 33 Clovis sites and used to test the two alternative diet-breadth hypotheses. The data support the older “Clovis as specialist” model, although some use of small game is apparent. Furthermore, data from modern hunter-gatherers are marshaled to support the theoretical plausibility of specialized large-mammal hunting across North America during the Late Pleistocene.

scholarly journals Production of Didymella rabiei Pseudothecia and Dispersal of Ascospores in a Mediterranean Climate

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1279-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gamliel-Atinsky ◽  
D. Shtienberg ◽  
H. Vintal ◽  
Y. Nitzni ◽  
A. Dinoor
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Temperature Requirement ◽  
Trap Plants ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Stem Segments

Temperature and wetness conditions required for development and maturation of Didymella rabiei pseudothecia were determined in a series of experiments conducted in controlled-environmental conditions. Initial stages of pseudothecium formation occurred at temperatures ranging from 5 to 15°C. Incubation at low temperatures was essential for subsequent pseudothecium maturation. This requirement was satisfied for chickpea stem segments incubated at 5 or 10°C for three consecutive weeks or during periods of 3 or 5 days, separated by periods at higher temperatures. Following the low-temperature requirement, subsequent pseudothecium development was independent of temperature in the range tested (5 to 20°C). Wetness was essential for pseudothecium production: pseudothecia formed and matured on stem segments maintained continuously wet but also on those exposed to periods of three or five wet days, separated by dry periods. The dispersal of D. rabiei ascospores was studied using chickpea plants as living traps in the field. Trap plants were infected mainly when exposed during rain but also in rainless periods. Results of this study enabled us to describe the developmental events leading to the production of the teleomorph stage and the dispersal of ascospores by D. rabiei in the Mediterranean climate of Israel.

scholarly journals Transplantation of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica through naturalistic engineering techniques: value, weakness and further improvements

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Acunto ◽  
Luigi Piazzi ◽  
Francesco L. Cinelli ◽  
Anna Maria De Biasi ◽  
Lorenzo Pacciardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Selection Of

Transplantation of seagrasses is considered a useful method to favour the recovery of degraded meadows. Hence, many projects have been carried out worldwide and a manifold of techniques have been applied. However, the choice of transplantation procedures remains a main problem to be assessed. In order to optimize efforts and to minimize risks of plants loss, the applied methodologies should take into account typology of hosting substratum, hydrodynamic conditions, depth and seagrass species. Due to their fundamental ecological role in the Mediterranean coastal system, many restoration projects aiming to preserve Posidonia oceanica meadows took place in the last decades. Several transplantation techniques have produced different results. In fact the same transplanting methodology may originate diverse results under different environmental conditions. Recently, naturalistic engineering techniques developed on land, have been used for transplantations of P. oceanica. Pilot projects concerning small surfaces were carried out between 2006 and 2010. More recently, a large-scale program (0.1 km2) was realized in 2012 at Civitavecchia (Roma, Thyrrenian Sea). The applied technique consists basically of mattresses filled with sand coupled with a net covering able to hold steady in situ the plant rhizomes. These structures have been variously modified in time to be adapted to the different type of substratum and various hydrodynamic conditions of the transplanting sites. Following the results of these transplantation experiences, we analyzed pros and cons of the techniques in order to improve the methodology. Firstly, these techniques may be considered suitable to large-scale projects allowing to minimize transplantation times. Secondly, the rhizomes may be successfully fixed to the structures; the majority of the transplanted shoots was not damaged showing a very good vegetative vitality with the production of new rhizomes, leaves and roots few months after transplanting. Finally, this procedure is flexible, as the basic technique can be modified and tailored to the various environmental conditions of the different receiving site. However, the results obtained in different areas are highly heterogeneous suggesting that a careful selection of the hosting site is a focal point. To this aim, a pilot study before the beginning of large-scale project seems mandatory, providing a fundamental support to guarantee successful results.

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