scholarly journals First report of Leveillula taurica causing powdery mildew on cucumber in Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-353
Author(s):  
Hugo Beltrán-Peña ◽  
Alma Rosa Solano-Báez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Apodaca-Sánchez ◽  
Moisés Camacho-Tapia ◽  
Rubén Félix-Gastélum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leveillula Taurica

First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Leveillula taurica of Field-Grown Sweet Pepper in the Pacific Northwest

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Glawe ◽  
Tess Barlow ◽  
Jordan E. Eggers ◽  
Philip B. Hamm
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leveillula Taurica ◽  
The Pacific

In August 2009, a grower reported a disease affecting nearly all plants in a drip-irrigated field of sweet pepper cv. Excalibur in Umatilla Co., OR. The fungus was determined to be Leveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud, previously unreported from this host in Oregon or from field-grown peppers in the Pacific Northwest. This report documents the taxonomic determination of this species and provides information about the disease outbreak, including economic impact. Accepted for publication 18 May 2010. Published 8 July 2010.

First report of Leveillula taurica causing powdery mildew on Tropaeolum majus in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ting Xiao ◽  
Hiran A. Ariyawansa ◽  
Chao-Jen Wang ◽  
Tung-Chin Huang ◽  
Yuan-Min Shen
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leveillula Taurica ◽  
Tropaeolum Majus

scholarly journals First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Leveillula taurica on Cynanchum kashgaricum in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1373-1373
Author(s):  
G. He ◽  
B. Xu ◽  
J. G. Song ◽  
L. L. Zhang ◽  
Z. Y. Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Taklimakan Desert ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Endangered Plant ◽  
Voucher Specimen ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leveillula Taurica ◽  
The Family ◽  
In The Wild

Cynanchum kashgaricum Liou f., belonging to the family Apocynaceae, is an endemic herbaceous perennial and extremely endangered plant species, only found in the wild in desert regions of Xinjiang, China (3), and is valuable for sand stabilization. In August 2010, a previously unknown and widespread powdery mildew disease was observed on C. kashgaricum growing in the Taklimakan Desert in Xinjiang, China. Disease symptoms included the appearance of a white mycelial coating on the upper surfaces of leaves, while the corresponding abaxial surfaces of infected leaves became chlorotic. As the disease progressed, the infected leaves turned yellow and necrotic. In this survey, the incidence of affected C. kashgaricum plants was 60%. On the basis of microscopic examination, the morphology of the fungus can be described as follows: the primary conidia of the fungus were lanceolate or clavate, with a pointed apex and rounded base, measuring 40.4 to 82.5 × 11.1 to 24.6 μm, with an irregular surface covered by warts; the secondary conidia varied in shape from subcylindrical to cylindrical, with rounded ends, and had lateral borders that were parallel to each other with rounded or truncate bases, measuring 40.5 to 73.5 × 11.2 to 23.9 μm. The ascomata were nearly gregarious and globe-shaped, of dust-colored appearance, and 113 to 267 μm in diameter; they were immersed in dense mycelial tomentum with numerous asci (usually 10 to 18 per ascoma). Numerous, well-developed appendages were present on the lower half of the ascomata; these appendages were irregularly branched and their length was 0.15 to 0.3 times the diameter of the ascomata. The asci were stalked, long or wide ellipsoidal in shape, and 93 to 140 × 27.6 to 52.9 μm. The asci usually contained two ellipsoidal ascospores 24.5 to 49.5 × 18.3 to 29.5 μm. On the basis of morphologic characteristics, the fungus was identified as Leveillula taurica (2). A voucher specimen of the fungus under the identifier HMTU09021 was deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of Tarim University (HMTU). To verify the identity of the fungus, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA was amplified and sequenced, and the sequences were deposited as GenBank Accession No. JN861731. Comparison with sequences in the GenBank database revealed that the ITS sequence showed 100% homology with the sequence of L. taurica on Capsicum annuum (Accession No. GQ167201) and Lepidium latifolium (Accession No. AB044349). Thus, the pathogen was identified as L. taurica on the basis of the anamorphic and teleomorphic morphological characters and the ITS sequence. To our knowledge, while L. taurica infection in plants of the family Apocynaceae has been reported around the world (1), in east Asia only a single report of C. glaucum infection in this genus has occurred, in Afghanistan (1). This is the first report of L. taurica infection of C. kashgaricum. Outbreaks of this powdery mildew could not only threaten growth of the endangered plant but also accelerate local ecological deterioration. References: (1) K. Amano. Host Range and Geographical Distribution of the Powdery Mildew Fungi, 2nd ed. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, Japan, 1986. (2) U. Braun. A Monograph of the Erysiphales (Powdery Mildews). Nova Hedwigia Beiheft 89:1, 1987. (3) F. Ying et al. Acta Bot. Boreali-Occidentalia Sin. 23:263, 2003.

First Report of Powdery Mildew of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Caused by Leveillula taurica in Washington State

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. R. N. Attanayake ◽  
D. A. Glawe ◽  
K. E. McPhee ◽  
F. M. Dugan ◽  
W. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
First Record ◽  
Washington State ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leveillula Taurica ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

In Oct. 2007, powdery mildew was found in chickpea fields in an experimental farm near Pullman, Whitman County, Washington. Although disease signs were observed on all chickpea cultivars in the fields, high incidence was seen only on cvs. Dwelley and Spanish White. To our knowledge this is the first record of powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica on chickpea in WA. The pathogen has also been reported from chickpea in California and elsewhere, e.g., Ethiopia, India, Iran, Morocco, Pakistan, Sudan, Turkey, and the former USSR. Accepted for publication 4 May 2008. Published 2 July 2008.

scholarly journals First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Leveillula taurica on Oxalis triangularis in Korea

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Cho ◽  
I. Y. Choi ◽  
S. H. Hong ◽  
Y. H. Lee ◽  
H. D. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leveillula Taurica

scholarly journals First report of powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica on leek (Allium porrum) in Turkey

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kurt ◽  
S. Soylu ◽  
E. M. Soylu ◽  
F. M. Tok
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leveillula Taurica

scholarly journals First Report of Powdery Mildew of Greenhouse Pepper Caused by Leveillula taurica in Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 781-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Cerkauskas ◽  
J. Brown ◽  
G. Ferguson ◽  
S. Khosla
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Old Field ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leveillula Taurica ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface

In 1999, powdery mildew on cvs. Oberon and Triple 4 of greenhouse pepper (Capsicum annum L.) and cv. FireFlame of chili pepper was reported simultaneously in two commercial greenhouses at two separate locations, Leamington and Vineland, geographically separated by 290 km, in southern Ontario. Losses of 10 to 15% each in the 2 and 3.1 ha greenhouse pepper operations were noted. The greenhouse pepper industry in Canada consists of 89.4 ha with sales of $43.6 million (Canadian). Lesions appeared as a white, powdery coating on the abaxial leaf surface only, generally on the lower foliage of pepper plants, while diffuse chlorotic spots were present at corresponding locations on the adaxial surface. In chili pepper, this chlorosis was restricted to interveinal tissue, causing the leaves to have a somewhat netted appearance. In some cases, pale yellow spots appeared on the adaxial portion of the affected foliage during later stages of disease development. No cleistothecia were observed. Pyriform and cylindrical, hyaline, single-celled conidia were present in equal numbers. Both conidia had a network of crests and granules containing tiny, thornlike projections on the surface. These projections were also evident on the lower half of conidiophores. Pyriform conidia ranged in length from 61.6 to 84.0 μm (mean = 70.8, SE = 0.7) and in width from 14.0 to 25.8 μm (mean = 21.1, SE = 0.4, n = 50), with a mean length to width ratio of 3.4. Cylindrical conidia ranged in length from 54.9 to 80.1 μm (mean = 66.3, SE = 0.9) and in width from 15.7 to 24.1 μm (mean = 18.6, SE = 0.3, n = 50), with a mean length to width ratio of 3.1. Short conidial chains borne on conidiophores consisted of a pyriform conidium first followed by cylindrical conidium. Stomatal penetration and extensive endophytic mycelial growth in the mesophyll layer were evident in foliar tissue cleared with glacial acetic acid:EtOH (1:2) and stained with lactophenol cotton blue. To confirm pathogenicity, conidia from infected pepper leaves were dusted onto the water-misted abaxial leaf surface of 41-day-old greenhouse pepper cvs. Cubico and Edison, and onto the similarly treated adaxial leaf surface of 58-day-old field pepper cv. Renegade. Plants were enclosed in plastic bags for 24 h on a bench. Control plants were treated identically but not inoculated. Inoculated plants developed foliar powdery mildew symptoms, including sporulation similar to that of naturally infected plants. Occurrence of the fungus on the abaxial surface of pepper foliage, presence of endophytic mycelium, and the morphological characteristics of the imperfect state confirm the identity of the fungus. This is the first report of Leveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud on pepper in Canada. Reference: J. Palti. Bot. Rev. 54:423, 1988.

scholarly journals First Report of Powdery Mildew of Greenhouse Pepper Caused by Leveillula taurica in British Columbia, Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Cerkauskas ◽  
A. Buonassisi
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leveillula Taurica ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Cotton Blue ◽  
Pepper Leaves

In 2003, powdery mildew of greenhouse pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was reported simultaneously in two commercial greenhouses at two separate locations near Langley in southern British Columbia. Trace amounts of mildew on the foliage of cv. Zamboni in one operation, and 10 to 80% of the foliage of cv. Triple Four was affected in an organic operation, with losses in fruit yield of 2 to 4 kg/m2, were noted. The greenhouse pepper industry in British Columbia in 2001 comprised 76 ha with sales of $41.3 million (Canadian). Affected areas appeared as a white, powdery coating on the abaxial leaf surface of older foliage while diffuse chlorotic spots were present at corresponding locations on the adaxial surface. In some cases, pale yellow spots appeared on the adaxial portion of the affected foliage during later stages of disease development (2). Hyaline, single-celled pyriform and cylindrical conidia were present in 40:60 proportion, respectively. Both conidia had a network of crests and granules sometimes with tiny thorn-like projections on the surface. These projections were evident also on the lower half of conidiophores. Pyriform conidia ranged in length from 53.8 to 79.5 μm (mean = 68.0, SE = 0.8), and in width from 12.9 to 28.0 μm (mean = 20.1, SE = 0.6, n = 50) with a mean length to width ratio of 3.5. Cylindrical conidia had a length from 48.2 to 84.0 μm (mean = 66.0, SE = 0.9), and in width from 13.4 to 25.2 μm (mean = 18.6, SE = 0.4, n = 50) with a mean length to width ratio of 3.6. Short conidial chains borne on conidiophores consisted of a basal pyriform conidium followed by cylindrical conidium. No cleistothecia were observed. Stomatal penetration and extensive endophytic mycelial growth in the mesophyll layer were evident in foliar tissue cleared with glacial acetic acid/EtOH (1:2) and stained with lactophenol cotton blue. To confirm pathogenicity, a suspension of 2 × 104 conidia/ml from infected pepper leaves was applied onto the abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces of 60-, 42-, and 28-day-old greenhouse pepper cv. Cubico, tomato cv. Trust, and cucumber cv. Corona, respectively. Plants were maintained in a growth chamber at 25/21°C day/night temperature and 80% relative humidity. Control plants in the same chamber were treated identically but not inoculated. After 21 days, inoculated pepper plants developed foliar powdery mildew symptoms on the abaxial surface, including sporulation similar to that of naturally infected plants. Occurrence of the fungus on the abaxial surface of pepper foliage, presence of endophytic mycelium, and the morphological characteristics of the imperfect state confirm the identity of the fungus (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Leveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud on pepper in British Columbia. The disease was first reported in Ontario, Canada in 1999 (1). References: (1) R. Cerkauskas et al. Plant Dis. 83:781,1999. (2) J. Palti. Bot. Rev. 54:423, 1988.

scholarly journals First Report of Powdery Mildew in Chilhuacle Chili (Capsicum annuum) Caused by Leveillula taurica in Southern Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 2325-2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. García-Gaytán ◽  
S. García-Morales ◽  
H. V. Silva-Rojas ◽  
L. I. Trejo-Téllez ◽  
F. C. Gómez-Merino
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leveillula Taurica

scholarly journals First Report of Powdery Mildew of Kenaf Caused by Leveillula taurica in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 923-923
Author(s):  
W. J. Swart ◽  
J. Terblanche
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leveillula Taurica ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
Northwest Province

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a fast-growing, bamboo-like annual plant belonging to the Malvaceae. The stem, which ranges from 1.5 to 4 m, presents a source of high-quality cellulose fibers. The plant is being investigated in South Africa with a view to commercial production. In April 2001, at least 50% of 4- to 5-month-old kenaf plants grown from seed in trials near Rustenburg, Northwest Province, South Africa, were observed as having powdery mildew. Signs included extensive growth of white, superficial mycelium and emergent conidiophores on the abaxial leaf surface, followed by partial defoliation. On older leaves, the abaxial leaf surface was completely covered by powdery mildew, and chlorotic and necrotic patches were clearly visible on the adaxial surface. Symptoms were observed on all five planted cultivars (Everglades 41, Cuba 108, El Salvador, SF459, and Tainung 2), and no difference in disease severity was noted among cultivars. Leveillula taurica (Lév.) Arnaud (anamorph Oidiopsis taurica [Lév.] Salmon) was subsequently identified by the presence of endophytic mycelia, often branched conidiophores, and dimorphic conidia borne singly or in short chains (1). In 100 measurements of each type, pyriform conidia averaged 69 ± 5 × 18 ± 2 μm and cylindrical conidia averaged 62 ± 6 × 16 ± 2 μm. The teleomorph was not observed. The source of L. taurica for this reported outbreak is unknown, and powdery mildew was not observed in a field of mature cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growing within 10 m of the kenaf plot. L. taurica was reported on kenaf in Texas in 1992 (2) and in Italy in 1995 (3). The pathogen can cause significant losses in seed yield and reduce seed quality in susceptible kenaf cultivars. Although L. taurica has been reported from Hibiscus sabdariffa in Egypt (4), to our knowledge this is the first report of the pathogen occurring on kenaf in Africa. References: (1) H. J. Boesewinkel. Bot Rev. 46:167, 1980. (2) C. G. Cook and J. L. Riggs. Plant Dis. 79:968, 1995. (3) S. Frisullo et al. Inf. Fitopatol. 45:37–41, 1995. (4) M. Khairy, et al. Phytopathol. Medit. 10:269–271, 1971.

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