IDENTIFIKASI JAMUR Aspergillus sp PADA ROTI TAWAR SEBELUM MASA KADALUARSA DI PASAR BURUNGTUNGKU KOTA BANDUNG

Roti tawar adalah salah satu makanan yang berbahan dasar tepung terigu di fermentasikan dengan ragi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) dan penambahan bahan lainnya. Jamur merupakan mikroorganisme utama berperan penting dalam proses pembuatan dan pembusukan roti. Jamur Aspergillus sp merupakan jamur kontaminan umum pada berbagai substrat salah satunya pada roti tawar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jamur Aspergillus sp pada roti tawar sebelum masa kadaluarsa di Pasar Minggu Burung Tungku Kota Bandung. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif yaitu dengan isolasi jamur pada media SDA (Sabaroud Dextrose Agar) kemudian disimpan selama 5 hari di inkubator pada suhu 27oC, setelah itu di periksa di bawah mikroskop dengan penambahan larutan LPCB (Lactophenol Cotton Blue). Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dari 4 jenis roti tawar 3 jenis roti tawar 2 hari sebelum masa kadaluarsa hasilnya positif di temukan jamur kontaminan pada sampel roti tawar 1, 3, dan roti tawar 4. Pada sampel roti tawar 1 dan 3 ditemukan jamur kontaminan Aspergillus fumigatus dan pada sampel roti tawar 4 ditemukan jamur kontaminan Aspergillus flavus. Dari hasil penelitian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa roti tawar 2 hari sebelum masa kadaluarsa terkontaminasi oleh jamur golongan Ascomycetes yaitu Aspergillus sp. Kata Kunci: Roti Tawar, Aspergillus sp, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus.

Isolation and identification of some pathogenic species of Fungi from Shatt-al-Arab River

This study aimed to isolation and identification of pathogenic fungi from Shatt – al-Arab River in Basra city, Fourteen water samples were collected from different area from Shatt-al-Arab River (AL Ashar, AL Tnoma, AL Makal, AL Qurna, AL Karma, AL Jabiluh, AL-Hartha), from October to December in 2017, with 250 ml volume, this samples centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 10 min at room temperature, the floating was removed and then take the precipitate and pour directly into the center of the media of SDA and PDA and then incubation in a temperature range25-27c for 4 days after that the growth on the media made pure culture and each fungi species diagnosed based on the cultural and microbiological phenotypes, smear prepared with lacto phenol cotton blue stain and the results show 57.1% of growth was Aspergillus niger, 85.7% Aspergillus flavus and 42.8% was Aspergillus candidus and 14.2% was Rhizopus, while the results show 42.8% of growth was Penicillium..

ETIOLOGY OF DERMATOPHYTOSIS : A STUDY FROM SOUTH INDIA

BACKGROUND: Dermatophytes are one of the most common fungal agents causing supercial skin infections. The prevalence of these infections varies from place to place and is more commonly associated with low socioeconomic status. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To isolate and identify the common dermatophytic species causing the infection and to know the efcacy of the antifungals commonly used against them. METHODS: One hundred and ten new cases, who consented for study were included. Skin scrapings were collected for direct microscopy by KOH and for fungal culture in Sabouraud 4% dextrose agar (SDA) with cycloheximide and dermatophyte test medium. Fungi were identied on the basis of their macroscopic and microscopic features with the help of lactophenol cotton blue staining and urease test. RESULTS: Of the 110 cases, 58 cases were KOH positive for fungal laments and culture positive for dermatophytes. Trichophyton was the predominant isolate (51 cases) with T. verrucosum being the commonest species (28 cases), followed by T. rubrum (16 patients), and T. mentagrophytes (7 cases). All species of Trichophyton were found to be most sensitive to systemic itraconazole and topical luliconazole amongst antifungals. CONCLUSIONS: Trichophyton species is the commonest organism causing fungal infections. Itraconazole and luliconazole are the most effective systemic and topical agents against them.

Isolation of Dermatophytes from Clinically Suspected Cases of Superficial Fungal Infections

Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi responsible for dermatophytoses which are superficial mycoses affecting skin, hair and nails. The aim of the study was to isolate dermatophytes from clinically suspected cases of superficial fungal infections. This study was carried out at the Department of Microbiology, Grant Government Medical College & Sir J.J Group of Hospitals, Mumbai. A total of 279 clinically suspected cases of superficial fungal infections were included in the present study. The specimens like skin scraping, nail and hair were collected with all aseptic precautions and were first examined under microscope on KOH mount and then inoculated on to duplicate slopes of Sabouraud dextrose agar (plain) and SDA (Chloramphenicol and Cycloheximide). Lactophenol cotton blue preparations were made of each fungal growth and were identified using specific tests like slide culture, hair perforation and urease test. Out of the 279 clinically suspected cases of superficial mycoses, maximum involved the skin (65.23%) and a total of 216 (77.42%) cases were of clinically suspected dermatophytoses. KOH mount examination alone could detect 144 (66.66%) cases out of the 216 clinically suspected cases of dermatophytoses. A total 162 isolates were confirmed in which maximum dermatophytes 122 (75.30%) were found. Amongst the dermatophytes, T. rubrum was the commonest pathogenic species isolated followed by T. mentagrophytes. Other species isolated were T. tonsurans, M. gypseum, E. floccosum, T. verrucosum and M. audouinii, T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes were mainly isolated from Tinea unguium followed by Tinea corporis cases. M. gypseum was isolated only from Tinea capitis cases whereas M. audouinii was isolated only from Tinea unguium cases. Dermatophytoses are the most common types of superficial cutaneous fungal infections. The incidence of Dermatophytoses is increasing in India due to widespread and indiscriminate use of corticosteroids and antifungal agents without performing appropriate microbiological investigations.

Isolation Of Dermatophytes From Infected Stray Cats In Selangor

Background: Dermatophytosis is the most prevalent fungal infection found in cats and one of the most serious infectious skin diseases that affect this species. Dermatophytosis can be endemic in cats, particularly in poor environments, and it is difficult to eradicate in such cases. Purpose: The aim of this research was to determine the macroscopic and microscopic identification of various types of dermatophytes present in stray cats. Methods: The research was designed as a laboratory-based study. The sample was determined through physical examination of stray cats infected with fungi and was selected based on the infection site (nail, hair, and skin) of infected cats. A total of 125 samples were collected from infected stray cats through skin scraping, haircutting, and nail clipping. The collected samples were then cultured in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) medium and incubated for two weeks at 26°C. Following incubation, fungi were stained using Lacto-phenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) for microscopic identification. Results: The identification showed that Trichophyton spp. is the most common isolated fungal species on the hair, nails, and skin of stray cats. This is followed by Aspergillus spp. and Microsporum spp. The least common dermatophytes include Curvularia spp., Absidia spp., Epidermophyton spp., Neosytallidium spp., Alternaria spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Mucor spp., and Penicillium spp. Conclusion: The research focussed exclusively on stray cats with clinical evidence of mycotic lesions and confirmed the role of stray cats in transmitting dermatophytosis through their hair, nails, and skin. The prevalence of dermatophytes on stray cats was identified in the Selangor region.

A study of antifungal susceptibility pattern of dermatophytes at tertiary care center

Dermatophytes are fungi that can cause infections of the skin, hair & nails due to their ability to invade keratin. Dermatophytosis is the most common superficial fungal infection worldwide; it is common in tropics and subtropical regions. It may present in epidemic proportions in areas of high humidity: The present study aimed to identify various species causing dermatophytosis & to determine the invitro susceptibility pattern against commonly used systemic antifungal agents in our tertiary care center. A total of 149 samples were collected of infected skin, hair and nails in a period of 1 year from January 2020 to December 2020. Samples were collected under aseptic condition by skin scrapping, nail and hair clipping by using scalpel or forceps. Identification of the causative pathogen was done by performing slide culture, lacto-phenol cotton blue mount, hair perforation tests and urease tests. We adopted a newly developed agar based disk diffusion assay to test susceptibility of clinically isolated dermatophytes for antifungal susceptibility testing. Microbiological investigations revealed the presence of dermatophytic fungi in 71.8% of the samples. Trichophyton rubrum was the predominant pathogen isolated. The study showed Itraconazole to be most effective antifungal drugs against dermatophytes followed by terbinafine and fluconazole.Further intensive epidemiological and invitro antifungal susceptibility studies of dermatophytes are required which will have more public health significance.

Isolation of Dermatophytes from Infected Stray Dogs in Selangor, Malaysia

Background: Dermatophytosis is one of the most common skin diseases that affects cats and dogs. Geographic factors play an important role in determining prevalence, showing high rates of prevalence in warm and humid environments. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the macroscopic and microscopic identification of different types of dermatophytes present on stray dogs. Methods: The design of this study was laboratory-based research. Each sample was collected from an infection site (nail, hair, or skin) that was identified by conducting a physical examination of a stray dog that was infected with fungi. The skin scraping, nail clipping, and fur cutting samples were collected from infected dogs and then cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). The cultures were incubated at 26°C for five weeks. The isolates of fungi were then examined macroscopically and microscopically. The Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) staining technique was used for fungi morphology identification. Results: Overall, the most common type of dermatophytes that affected the dogs were Trichophyton spp. (64.70%), Aspergillus spp. (10.10%), Microsporum spp. (7.20%), and Curvularia spp. (5.60%). Conclusion: This study revealed the most common dermatophyte infections found on stray dogs in Selangor, Malaysia. This study can assist investigators in understanding the prevalence of the dermatophyte burden in stray dogs and help prevent further complication, such as the spread of illness, especially zoonotic infection.

Identification and optimization of triphenylmethane dyes removal by Streptomyces sp. from forest soil

This study identified a common Streptomyces sp. (MN262194) from forest soil as an efficient decolorizer of triphenylmethane (TPM) dyes. Partial 16S rRNA sequencing identified the isolate as possibly Streptomyces bacillaris (similarity 99.32%). Live and dead cells of Streptomyces sp. were applied to decolorize Malachite Green (MG), Methyl Violet (MV), Crystal Violet (CV), and Cotton Blue (CB). The decolorization efficacy for both cell types was further optimized based on One-Factor-At-A-Time (OFAT) method to determine the influence of pH, agitation speed (rpm), biomass (g), initial dye concentration (mg L− 1), and oxygen. Removal of TPM dyes was repeated for both live and dead cells using combined optimal conditions determined for each biomass type. Results revealed that optimum conditions for live cells were pH 7, 100 rpm agitation, 0.5 g cell biomass, initial dye concentration of 100 mg L− 1 (50 mg L− 1 for CB), and with the presence of oxygen. In contrast, pH 9 (MG, MV, CV) and pH 3 (CB), with 100 rpm agitation, 0.75 g cell biomass, and initial dye concentrations of 100 mg L− 1 (50 mg L− 1 for CB), were the optimum conditions for dead cells. At optimal conditions, live cells showed significantly higher decolorization activities for all dyes (MG 95%, MV 92%, CV 87%, CB 68%). Removal of TPM dyes was via biosorption and biodegradation, detected with changes of ultraviolet-visible spectra between the untreated dye and treated dye. Sorption by Streptomyces sp. conforms to the Langmuir isotherm model. Streptomyces sp. was established as an effective decolorizer for most TPM dyes with > 85% decolorization (with the exception for CB).

ISOLAMENTO DE Scopulariopsis spp. EM LESÃO DE FELINO COM ESPOROTRICOSE – RELATO DE CASO

O gênero Scopulariopsis spp. engloba fungos cosmopolitas que normalmente são encontrados na poeira doméstica ou no solo. Raramente causam infecção em humanos, todavia podem ocasionar onicomicose, otomicose e panoftalmite, se introduzido nos olhos devido a feridas penetrantes. Em determinadas situações podem resultar em micoses cutâneas, profundas e potencialmente infecções sistêmicas, estas normalmente associadas a pacientes imunodeprimidos (COX; IRVING, 1993). Relatar a ocorrência de Scopulariopsis spp. proveniente de swab lesional de um felino (Felis catus domesticus) em tratamento para esporotricose na cidade de Guaíra, estado do Paraná, Brasil. Um felino macho, não-castrado, escore corporal de 2,5/5 e dois anos de idade, foi submetido à colheita de material lesional para isolamento de colônia de Sporothrix spp. O mesmo residia em uma casa com outros 50 gatos, quatro galináceos, três cães e possuía acesso à rua, contudo há uma semana se encontrava isolado juntamente com outros quatro felinos, também com esporotricose, em um cômodo dentro do ambiente interno da casa da tutora que também estava em tratamento para a doença. O animal apresentava lesões ulcerativas em ponta de orelha, na região interescapular, região do metacarpo esquerdo, face e testículo e se encontrava em tratamento utilizando itraconazol 100mg, iodeto de potássio 30mg e silimarina 100mg. Procedeu-se a colheita do material com swab nasal, swab de unhas e swab lesional, todas as amostras foram armazenadas em solução salina 0,9% estéril e refrigerados, até o momento do processamento. O material foi estriado em placa contendo ágar Sabouraud com gentamicina, e submetido a crescimento em temperatura ambiente. Após sete dias, verificou-se o crescimento de uma colônia fúngica de coloração brancacenta, irregular e algodonosa no estriado proveniente de swab lesional. Procedeu-se então o teste da fita adesiva corada com lactophenol cotton blue e analisada por meio de microscopia óptica. Na microscopia foi possível verificar hifas septadas, conidióforos com anéis hialinos, conídios piriformes com base truncada, de parede lisa em corrente, sendo característico do gênero Scopulariopsis spp. Esses dados demonstram que mais estudos referentes aos mecanismos de patogenicidade deste fungo devem ser realizados, visto que a presença deste no local da lesão causada pela multiplicação do Sporothrix spp. pode estar relacionada ao desenvolvimento de micoses cutâneas, o que pode favorecer o aumento das lesões ocasionadas pelo Sporothrix, levando ao questionamento sobre a eficácia do tratamento no paciente felino.

Isolation and Identification of Microsporum canis in Companion Animals from Selected Local Government Areas in Abia State

The aim of the study is to isolate and identify Microsporum canis from companion animals (dogs and cats) in three local government areas of Abia State. A total of one hundred and fifty skin scrapings from infected dogs (100) and cats (50) were screened. Saboruad destroxe agar was used for the culture and Needle mount technique was adopted. Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LCB) was used for staining. Demographic indices like; age, sex, and breed of the animals were considered. This organism at macroscopy appears as white, light yellow, cottony to powdery colonies. At microscopic view, the spores of M. canis appear as large and spindle shaped with thick wall. The dogs has a predominant isolation rate of 36.0%.The female dogs and cats presented the highest frequency of occurrence at 58.2% and 63.6% respectively. Dogs of 9months old and above had more M. canis isolation rate at 70.0%, while cats between 5 and 8months of age had the highest isolation rate at 33.3%. Dogs and cats at 1 to 4 months of age had the least M. canis isolation rate at 7.5% and 14.5% respectively. The indigenous breeds of dogs had the highest isolation rate of M. canis at 53.8% while the Caucasian breed was the least at 7.7%. Statistical analysis shows that (p=.05) there is significance in isolation rate of M. canis in dogs and cats.