Strains related to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi'- are associated with Chinese Elm yellows in Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Sub Han ◽  
Geon-Woo Lee ◽  
Jin-Seok Kim ◽  
Ji-Hyun Park ◽  
Sun Keun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elm Yellows ◽  
Chinese Elm

The Microscopy of Compatibility and Incompatibility in Ulmus

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
B. L. Redmond ◽  
Christopher F. Bob
Keyword(s):  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Ulmus Pumila ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
American Elm ◽  
Asian Species ◽  
Ulmus Parvifolia ◽  
Initial Appearance ◽  
Chinese Elm

The American Elm (Ulmus americana L.) has been plagued by Dutch Elm Disease (DED), a lethal disease caused by the fungus Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) c. Moreau. Since its initial appearance in North America around 1930, DED has wrought inexorable devastation on the American elm population, triggering both environmental and economic losses. In response to the havoc caused by the disease, many attempts have been made to hybridize U. americana with a few ornamentally less desirable, though highly DED resistant, Asian species (mainly the Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila L., and the Chinese elm Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.). The goal is to develop, through breeding efforts, hybrid progeny that display the ornamentally desirable characteristics of U. americana with the disease resistance of the Asian species. Unfortunately, however, all attempts to hybridize U. americana have been prevented by incompatibility. Only through a firm understanding of both compatibility and incompatibility will it be possible to circumvent the incompatibility and hence achieve hybridization.

Clover proliferation phytoplasma: ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1349-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuji Hiruki ◽  
Keri Wang
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Beet Leafhopper ◽  
Signature Sequences ◽  
Elm Yellows ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Clover proliferation phytoplasma (CPR) is designated as the reference strain for the CP phylogenetic group or subclade, on the basis of molecular analyses of genomic DNA, the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S–23S spacer region. Other strains related to CPR include alfalfa witches'-broom (AWB), brinjal little leaf (BLL), beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence (BLTV), Illinois elm yellows (ILEY), potato witches'-broom (PWB), potato yellows (PY), tomato big bud in California (TBBc) and phytoplasmas from Fragaria multicipita (FM). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of BLL, CPR, FM and ILEY, together with sequences from 16 other phytoplasmas that belong to the ash yellows (AshY), jujube witches'-broom (JWB) and elm yellows (EY) groups that were available in GenBank, produced a tree on which these phytoplasmas clearly clustered as a discrete group. Three subgroups have been classified on the basis of sequence homology and the collective RFLP patterns of amplified 16S rRNA genes. AWB, BLTV, PWB and TBBc are assigned to taxonomic subgroup CP-A, FM belongs to subgroup CP-B and BLL and ILEY are assigned to subgroup CP-C. Genetic heterogeneity between different isolates of AWB, CPR and PWB has been observed from heteroduplex mobility assay analysis of amplified 16S rRNA genes and the 16S–23S spacer region. Two unique signature sequences that can be utilized to distinguish the CP group from others were present. On the basis of unique properties of the DNA from clover proliferation phytoplasma, the name ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’ is proposed for the CP group.

scholarly journals Key Plant, Key Pests: Chinese Elm (Ulmus parvifolia)

EDIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanita Popenoe ◽  
Caroline G Roper Warwick ◽  
Richard C Beeson, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
General Management ◽  
Ulmus Parvifolia ◽  
Eriophyid Mites ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Trunk Canker ◽  
Chinese Elm

This series of Key Plant, Key Pests publications are designed for Florida gardeners, horticulturalists and landscape professionals to help identify common pests associated with common Florida flora. This publication, the second in the Key Plant, Key Pests Series, helps identify the most common pests found on the Chinese Elm (Ulmus parvifolia). This publication provides information and general management recommendations for anthracnose or black elm spot, powdery mildew, trunk canker, borers, eriophyid mites and leaf beetles.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep559

scholarly journals Widespread occurrence of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi' in elm species in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Schneider ◽  
Ralf Kätzel ◽  
Michael Kube
Keyword(s):  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Ulmus Glabra ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Quarantine Pathogen ◽  
Elm Yellows ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Abstract Background: Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi' is the agent associated with elm yellows and has been categorised in the European Union as a quarantine pathogen. For central and northern European countries, information on the occurrence and distribution of the pathogen and its impact on elms is scarce, so a survey of native elm trees has been conducted in Germany. Results: About 6,500 samples from Ulmus minor , Ulmus laevis and Ulmus glabra , were collected nationwide. Phytoplasma detection was performed by applying a universal 16Sr DNA-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay and a novel ' Ca. P. ulmi' specific qPCR assay targeting the 16S-23S spacer region. Both assays revealed that 28% of the samples were infected by ‘ Ca. P. ulmi’, but infection rates of the elm species and regional incidences differed. The phytoplasma presence in the trees was not correlated to disease-specific symptoms. The survey identified a regional disparity of infection which was high in east, south and central Germany, whereas only a few infected sites were found in the western and northern parts of the country. Monitoring the seasonal titre of ‘Ca. P. ulmi’ in an infected tree by qPCR revealed a high colonisation in all parts of the tree throughout the year. Conclusions: ‘ Ca. P. ulmi’ is widely present in elms in Germany. The rare occurrence of symptoms indicates either a high degree of tolerance in elm populations or a low virulence of pathogen strains enabling high infection rates in a long-living host.

scholarly journals Detection of Elm Yellows Phytoplasma in Elms and Insects Using Real-Time PCR

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1355-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmini Herath ◽  
Gregory A. Hoover ◽  
Elisa Angelini ◽  
Gary W. Moorman
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
State University ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
The Real ◽  
Elm Yellows ◽  
Taqman Minor Groove Binder

A rapid and accurate method to detect the common strain of elm yellows (EY) phytoplasma in elm and insect samples was developed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure based on the TaqMan minor-groove-binder probe. Primers and probe were designed based on the EY phytoplasma-specific translocation protein secY gene DNA sequence. Success of the DNA extraction procedure was evaluated by amplifying the chloroplast trnL gene of Ulmus americana. The real-time PCR assay reacted positively with EY and EY phytoplasma strain ULW DNA, an isolate which occurs in Europe. It did not cross-react with Illinois EY or aster yellows phytoplasma DNA, both of which are known to occur in elm trees in the United States, nor did it amplify several other phytoplasmas belonging to the 16SrV and other phylogenetic groups. The real-time PCR protocol was used to identify 30 EY-positive elm trees on The Pennsylvania State University, University Park campus. Threshold cycle (CT) values obtained from the EY phytoplasma-infected elm trees ranged from 15 to 37. EY phytoplasma was detected in several leafhopper taxa. This real-time PCR method can be used for the diagnostic screening of elm trees and for the identification of possible insect vectors of EY phytoplasma.

Detection and Identification of an Elm Yellows Group Phytoplasma Associated with Camellia in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 163 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 560-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Gao ◽  
Yu-Zhu Dong ◽  
Wei-Ping Tan ◽  
Guo-Zhen Sun ◽  
You-Rong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Elm Yellows

scholarly journals Identification and Epidemic Distribution of Two Flavescence Dorée—Related Phytoplasmas in Veneto (Italy)

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Martini ◽  
Ermanno Murari ◽  
Nicola Mori ◽  
Assunta Bertaccini
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Direct Pcr ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Scaphoideus Titanus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Elm Yellows ◽  
Infected Grapevine

Grapevine yellows associated with phytoplasmas of the elm yellows group (16SrV), better known as flavescence dorée (FD), is a serious quarantine problem in some important grapevine growing regions in the European Union. A survey was carried out in 1997 to 1998 in Veneto region (Italy) where a serious outbreak of FD was in progress. Phytoplasma identification by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses on 275 grapevine samples and on batches of Scaphoideus titanus was carried out. RFLP analyses of the 16S rDNA/spacer region with TaqI detected the presence of two distinct elm yellows phytoplasma subgroups designated 16SrV-C and 16SrV-D in 77 FD-infected grapevine samples. Only phytoplasmas of the 16SrV-D subgroup were detected in S. titanus. In 1997, the two phytoplasma subgroups appeared to be located in two diverse geographic areas; but in 1998, the 16SrV-D type also was detected in the provinces where in 1997 only 16SrV-C type was identified. The sequencing of a 400-bp fragment at the 3′ end of 16S rDNA plus spacer region allowed a specific primer construction that was successfully employed for detection of both FD types in grapevine by direct PCR.

Meteorological Influences on Respirable Fragment Release from Chinese Elm Pollen

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 690-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann G. Miguel ◽  
Philip E. Taylor ◽  
James House ◽  
M. Michael Glovsky ◽  
Richard C. Flagan
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Influences ◽  
Chinese Elm

scholarly journals Irrigation and Fertilizer Placement Affect Root and Canopy Growth of Trees Produced in In-ground Fabric Containers

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
R.C. Beeson ◽  
E.F. Gilman
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Chinese Elm

Abstract Live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) and Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. ‘Drake’) were transplanted from 3.8 liter (#1) containers into 35-cm (14 in) fabric containers in sandy soils. Irrigation or fertilizer was applied all inside, half-in half-out (50/50), or all outside the fabric container during a 2-year production cycle. For live oak, neither irrigation nor fertilizer placement increased fine root mass within the fabric container. Maximum trunk diameter was achieved by applying both irrigation and fertilizer inside the container. For Chinese elm, applying either fertilizer or irrigation inside or half-in half-outside the container increased fine root mass within the harvested root ball. Elm shoot growth was greatest with 50/50 placement of both irrigation and fertilizer. Field site influenced the effect of Irrigation on shoot growth, but not root mass. Greater fine root mass occurred in the heavier soil type

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