Report of spiders preying on adult Culicoides spp. using molecular based marker with notes on its feeding activity

Malaria is known as an endemic disease that often causes death in Indonesia, especially in Papua. The malaria cases control in Papua has not been carried on based on data studies, therefore bionomic of Anopheles sp is important to be studied. Bionomics data are consisted of breeding places, resting places and feeding habits are from direct observation. Interviews and questionnaires were conducted to gain information about respondent behavior. Descriptive and qualitative data were then analyzed. The breeding places of Anopheles sp. were mostly found in swampy areas. Based on the feeding habit, the feeding activity of Anopheles sp. inside the house has only one biting peak at 23.00-02.00 WIT, while outside the house, biting peaks occurred at 21.00-22.00 WIT and 00.00-01.00 WIT. Resting place data shown that Anopheles sp. mostly found in piles of clothes and shoe racks. Recorded factors that affect mosquitos bionomics are temperature, humidity, salinity, pH, community behavior, and the presence of livestock. Environmental factors (temperature, humidity, salinity, and pH), habitual behavior of host (3M action, the habit of using insect repellent, mosquito repellent, and mosquito nets), the presence of livestock, and the type of bait blood type affect mosquito activity.

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Impact of Feeding Activity of Silver Carp on Plankton Removal from a High-Rate Pond Effluent

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2005.022 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 191-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nadia Berday ◽

Driss Zaoui ◽

Abdeljaouad Lamrini ◽

Mustapha Abi

Keyword(s):

Feeding Activity ◽

Silver Carp ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

High Rate ◽

Fish Pond ◽

Gut Contents ◽

Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽

Technology System ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Plankton Communities

Abstract The effect of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.) feeding activity on the plankton communities in a high-rate pond technology system (HRPTS) effluent was investigated over a period of 100 days. The experiment was conducted at the experimental wastewater treatment plant of the Agronomic and Veterinary Medicine Institute (AVI) of Rabat, Morocco, using a HRPTS in a fish pond receiving the plant effluent. The effluent was highly dominated by phytoplankton (99.95%). Silver carp could survive and grow in the fish pond. Production was 37 kg with a very low mortality rate (12%). The high specific intestine weight (7%) and intake rates of biomass and phytoplankton by silver carp (616 g kg-1 of fish day-1 and 1.6 x 1011 cell kg-1 of fish day-1, respectively) demonstrated the importance of the feeding activity of the fish. Zooplankton intake rates were lower (2 x 107 bodies kg-1 of fish day-1). The high intestine index (3 to 4.3 for fish sizes of 14 to 22 cm) and the dominance of phytoplankton in the gut contents (99.95%) confirmed an omnivorous/ phytoplanctivorous diet. Silver carp were efficient in removing plankton from the HRPTS effluent. The net removal yields of biomass were 285 g m-3 day-1 and 322 g kg-1 of fish day-1, 7 x 1010 algal cells kg-1 of fish day-1 and 8.7 x 107 zooplankton bodies kg-1 of fish day-1, with net removal rates of 47, 64 and 62%, respectively. The total suspended solids concentration decreased from 211 in the inflow to 112 mg L-1 in the fish pond.

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Minimising waste through bioenergetically and behaviourally based feeding strategies

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0362 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 31 (10) ◽

pp. 29-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. E. Thorpe ◽

C. Young Cho

Keyword(s):

Feeding Activity ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Growth Efficiency ◽

Wild Food ◽

Feeding Strategies ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Evolutionary Features ◽

Feeding Regimes ◽

In The Wild ◽

Genetically Determined

Most species in aquaculture are new to cultivation and so behave like wild animals. They are products of evolution, with adaptations to specific habitat conditions. In the wild, food is not available uniformly throughout the day or the year, or in space, and rarely exceeds the fishes needs. Competition is energetically expensive, reducing growth efficiency. Consequently, feeding activity patterns have evolved, implying internal appetite rhythms, which optimise food intake under these various constraints. Salmonids can adapt quickly to short term variation in food availability, but show seasonal genetically determined anorexia. Rational feeding regimes in culture should take all such features into account. When appetite is high naturally, food should be presented so that it is economically indefensible - where every individual can eat, and where fighting does not pay. At periods of anorexia it will be prudent to offer no food. Manufacturers' feed tables are usually regimes devised to meet the bioenergetic needs of fishes, as they are understood in a physico-chemical sense. While useful first approximations, they do not take into account these evolutionary features of the fishes, and can lead to waste. Methods of presentation are described which allow the fish to determine when food shall be available, and in ways which, by diminishing the advantages of social dominance, ensure relatively even opportunities to feed for all individuals in the population. Allowing the fish to set the time-table reduces the likelihood of waste.

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Anthonomus rubi on Strawberry Fruit: Its Biology, Ecology, Damage, and Control from an IPM Perspective

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12080701 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 701

Author(s):

Lorenzo Tonina ◽

Giulia Zanettin ◽

Paolo Miorelli ◽

Simone Puppato ◽

Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feeding Activity ◽

Host Feeding ◽

Mass Trapping ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Potential Control ◽

North East ◽

Monitoring Tools ◽

Anthonomus Rubi ◽

And Control

The strawberry blossom weevil (SBW), Anthonomus rubi, is a well-documented pest of strawberry. Recently, in strawberry fields of Trento Province (north-east Italy), new noteworthy damage on fruit linked to SBW adults was observed, combined with a prolonged adult activity until the autumn. In this new scenario, we re-investigated SBW biology, ecology, monitoring tools, and potential control methods to develop Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. Several trials were conducted on strawberry in the laboratory, field and semi-natural habitats. The feeding activity of adult SBW results in small deep holes on berries at different stages, causing yield losses of up to 60%. We observed a prolonged survival of newly emerged adults (>240 days) along with their ability to sever flower buds without laying eggs inside them in the same year (one generation per year). SBW adults were present in the strawberry field year-round, with movement between crop and no crop habitats, underlying a potential role of other host/feeding plants to support its populations. Yellow sticky traps combined with synthetic attractants proved promising for both adult monitoring and mass trapping. Regarding control, adhesive tapes and mass trapping using green bucket pheromone traps gave unsatisfactory results, while the high temperatures provided by the black fabric, the periodic removal of severed buds or adults and Chlorpyrifos-methyl application constrained population build-up. The findings are important for the development of an IPM strategy.

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Are Microplastics Impairing Marine Fish Larviculture?—Preliminary Results with Argyrosomus regius

Water ◽

10.3390/w13010104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Diana Campos ◽

Andreia C. M. Rodrigues ◽

Rui J. M. Rocha ◽

Roberto Martins ◽

Ana Candeias-Mendes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Damage ◽

Fish Larvae ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Early Ontogeny ◽

Antioxidant Defenses ◽

Nutritional Requirements ◽

Larval Feeding ◽

Argyrosomus Regius ◽

And Performance ◽

Aquaculture Facilities

The presence of small-sized (<300 µm) microplastics (MPs) in aquaculture facilities may threaten finfish hatchery, as their (in)voluntary ingestion by fish larvae may compromise nutritional requirements during early ontogeny, and consequently larval health and performance. Thus, we addressed the short-term effects (7 h) of polyethylene microplastics (0.1, 1.0, 10 mg/L, PE-MPs) in meagre larvae Argyrosomus regius (15 dph) in the presence/absence of food. Larval feeding behavior, oxidative stress status, neurotoxicity, and metabolic requirements were evaluated. Results showed that meagre larvae ingested PE-MPs regardless of their concentration, decreasing in the presence of food (Artemia metanauplii). The presence of PE-MPs compromised larval feeding activity at the highest concentration. Under starvation, exposed larvae activated the antioxidant defenses by increasing the total glutathione levels and inhibiting catalase activity, which seemed efficient to prevent oxidative damage. Such larvae also presented increased energy consumption potentially related to oxidative damage prevention and decreased neurotransmission. Biochemical responses of fed larvae showed a similar trend, except for LPO, which remained unaffected, except at 0.1 mg/PE-MPs/L. Our results suggest that small-sized MPs in finfish hatcheries may compromise larvae nutritional requirements, but at considerably higher levels than those reported in marine environments. Nevertheless, cumulative adverse effects due to lower MPs concentrations may occur.

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