Bionomic of Anopheles sp. in Merauke District, Papua

SCISCITATIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoko Rahardjo ◽  
Vinsa Cantya Prakasita ◽  
Marlen Aviati Sarah Pepiana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Insect Repellent ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Habitual Behavior

Malaria is known as an endemic disease that often causes death in Indonesia, especially in Papua. The malaria cases control in Papua has not been carried on based on data studies, therefore bionomic of Anopheles sp is important to be studied. Bionomics data are consisted of breeding places, resting places and feeding habits are from direct observation. Interviews and questionnaires were conducted to gain information about respondent behavior. Descriptive and qualitative data were then analyzed. The breeding places of Anopheles sp. were mostly found in swampy areas. Based on the feeding habit, the feeding activity of Anopheles sp. inside the house has only one biting peak at 23.00-02.00 WIT, while outside the house, biting peaks occurred at 21.00-22.00 WIT and 00.00-01.00 WIT. Resting place data shown that Anopheles sp. mostly found in piles of clothes and shoe racks. Recorded factors that affect mosquitos bionomics are temperature, humidity, salinity, pH, community behavior, and the presence of livestock. Environmental factors (temperature, humidity, salinity, and pH), habitual behavior of host (3M action, the habit of using insect repellent, mosquito repellent, and mosquito nets), the presence of livestock, and the type of bait blood type affect mosquito activity.

scholarly journals Bionomic of Anopheles sp. in Merauke District, Papua

SCISCITATIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Djoko Rahardjo ◽  
Vinsa Cantya Prakasita ◽  
Marlen Aviati Sarah Pepiana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Insect Repellent ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Habitual Behavior

Malaria is known as an endemic disease that often causes death in Indonesia, especially in Papua. The malaria cases control in Papua has not been carried on based on data studies, therefore bionomic of Anopheles sp is important to be studied. Bionomics data are consisted of breeding places, resting places and feeding habits are from direct observation. Interviews and questionnaires were conducted to gain information about respondent behavior. Descriptive and qualitative data were then analyzed. The breeding places of Anopheles sp. were mostly found in swampy areas. Based on the feeding habit, the feeding activity of Anopheles sp. inside the house has only one biting peak at 23.00-02.00 WIT, while outside the house, biting peaks occurred at 21.00-22.00 WIT and 00.00-01.00 WIT. Resting place data shown that Anopheles sp. mostly found in piles of clothes and shoe racks. Recorded factors that affect mosquitos bionomics are temperature, humidity, salinity, pH, community behavior, and the presence of livestock. Environmental factors (temperature, humidity, salinity, and pH), habitual behavior of host (3M action, the habit of using insect repellent, mosquito repellent, and mosquito nets), the presence of livestock, and the type of bait blood type affect mosquito activity

FAKTOR RISIKO PENYAKIT FILARIASIS (KAKI GAJAH)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Aeda Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Electronic Journals ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

ENGLISHFilariasis is a chronic infectious disease caused by filarial worms and transmitted through mosquito's bites. Filariasis has a large social and economic impact. The purpose of the paper is to explain the risk factors of filariasis transmission, regarding environmental factors, community behaviour, and socio-economic factors. The study used systematic review method. The data comprised eight studies published in electronic journals. The ORs of those studies were analyzed to determine the strength of the risk factors. The result showed: The environmental factors of filariasis transmission were: (1) The prevalence of mosquito habitat surrounded the house; (2) Ventilation without wire mesh; (3) Hanging good practices; and (4) Poor environmental sanitation. The community behavior factors that increased the filariasis transmission were (1) the habit of going out at night; (2) The use of mosquito repellent; (3) The use of mosquito nets while sleeping; and (4) well-covered clothing practices. Socioeconomic factors related to filariasis risk was occupation. INDONESIAFilariasis adalah penyakit menular menahun yang disebabkan cacing filaria dan ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk. Filariasis menimbulkan dampak sosial dan ekonomi yang besar. Tujuan penulisan adalah membahas faktor risiko penularan filariasis berdasarkan faktor lingkungan, perilaku masyarakat, dan sosial ekonomi. Penelitian menggunakan metode systematic review. Data yang digunakan data sekunder berupa hasil penelitian yang dipublikasikan dalam jurnal elektronik sebanyak delapan hasil penelitian. Besarnya risiko dari nilai Odds Ratio (OR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko kejadian penyakit filariasis berdasarkan faktor lingkungan antara lain; (1) Adanya habitat nyamuk di sekitar rumah; (2) ventilasi tanpa kawat kasa; (3) adanya barang-barang bergantung terutama dalam kamar; (4) Sanitasi lingkungan yang buruk. Adapun faktor perilaku masyarakat yang meningkatkan risiko penularan filariasis antara lain; (1) kebiasaan keluar rumah pada malam hari; (2) penggunaan obat nyamuk; (3) tidur tanpa kelambu; (4) kebiasaan memakai baju dan celana panjang saat malam hari. Faktor sosial ekonomi yang berkaitan dengan risiko filariasis adalah jenis pekerjaan.

scholarly journals Intertidal life: field observations on the clingfish Gobiesox barbatulus in southeastern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago H. S Pires ◽  
Fernando Z Gibran
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Nocturnal Feeding ◽  
Particulate Feeding

The clingfish Gobiesox barbatulus shows nocturnal feeding activity, spending most part of the day stationary and adhered to the inferior part of stones. To feed, this species uses the sit-and-wait and particulate feeding tactics. It shows a carnivorous feeding habit mostly consuming small benthic crustaceans. It can move in two ways: (1) "stone-by-stone", sliding its ventral sucker disc across each stone and (2) "surf", when it takes advantage of the energy of the ebbing tide to quickly cross a distance up to four times its body length. Its reproductive season occurs between the end of spring and the beginning of summer, during which time it lays about 2,000 adhesive eggs of 1 mm each in a single layer under stones. It has more than one egg-laying session per reproductive season, therefore showing several different developmental stages. It performs fanning, mouthing and guarding of the eggs as forms of parental care. Data shown here also indicates that G. barbatulus has some shelter fidelity, being probably territorial.

scholarly journals Diet Composition and Seasonal Fluctuations in the Feeding Habit of Snow Barbel (Schizothorax plagiostomus) in River Indus, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qayash Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zubair Anjum ◽  
Shamim Akhter ◽  
Irfan Khattak ◽  
Abid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Unit Effort ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
River Indus

Background:Schizothorax plagiostomus is widely distributed in river Indus and is most important food fish in Pakistan. The feeding habit of fish is directly related to the size of fish, its metabolic rate and environmental temperature. The accurate description of fish diet and feeding habit is a very important aspect in fisheries management for the purpose of species conservation, breeding and culture. The present work was aimed to investigate the specie abundance, the diet composition and seasonal variations in the feeding habit of Snow barbell Schizothorax plagiostomus.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 1799 fish specimens were caught at the confluence of six tributaries along river Indus at Indus Kohistan, northeastern Pakistan. The fish were collected by 5-panels of gill net during first week of each month. The site specific Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) and season specific CPUE of fish fauna were assessed. For the gut content analysis 240 samples (99 male and 141 females) of S. plagiostomus were selected on monthly basis. Frequency of occurrence method and volumetric method were applied to record the different food items in the gut of S. plagiostomus. The physico-chemical parameters, NO3 concentration and dissolved Co2 of water from different localities of river Indus were recorded month wise by Hach sensION 156 meter, Horiba LAQUA Nitrate Meter and EA80 meter respectively. Significant difference was observed in water temperature during the four seasons. Except alkalinity no other water parameter showed significant variation across different localities. The results showed that highest Mean CPUE was observed for Darel Stream (0.55) and lowest for Jalkot stream (0.26). Peak abundance of fish was recorded in the month of November with a mean catch of 44.50, mean CPUE of 0.74 and mean Kruskal-Wallis rank value of 63.25. Spirogyra and Ulothrix occurred as maximum food items in the gut of S. plagiostomus during summer while their minimum amount occurred during autumn. According to the ranking index spirogyra and ulothrix ranked higher with significant difference in comparison to other food items. The results showed that S. plagiostomus is phytophagous in its feeding habit, which consumed mainly algae attached to stones and pebbles during the whole year. However, the presence of some secondary items such as animal matter, detritus, sand and mud might be due to the distinct availabilities of food along the seasons. The highest feeding activity of S. plagiostomus was recorded during summer while the lowest one occurred during autumn, spring and winter. Discussion: Catch per unit effort (CPUE) is an indirect measure of the abundance of a target species. It is used as an index of stock abundance in fisheries and conservation biology. During the study low fish fauna was found in River Indus as reported previously. Majority of the fish occurred in snow fed river tributaries in the study area as these tributaries are comparatively less turbulent. Previous studies have also recorded that Schizothoracine generally prefer clean waters. The present findings of gut contents analysis showed clearly that S. plagiostomus is a phytophagous fish which scrap and consumed spirogyra and ulothrix attached to stones and pebbles. Earlier it was reported that mouth of S. plagiostomusis is inferior, wide, with deep lower jaw having keratinized cutting edge and the lower lip is folded and expanded with numerous papillae making it best suited for scrapping algae attached to stones and pebbles. The highest feeding activity was observed during warmer months as compared to cold months. S. plagiostomus spawn twice in a year in autumn and in spring. The highest feeding activity of S. plagiostomus seems to be link with a reflex of recovery strategy due to physiological process of gonadal development.

Proceedings of the First International Snakehead Symposium

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Random Forest Models ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Diurnal Species ◽  
Tracking Period

<em>Abstract.</em>—Understanding the diel activity of a species can shed light on potential interactions with other species and inform management practices. To understand the diel activity of Northern Snakehead <em>Channa argus</em>, feeding habits and movement patterns were observed. Two hundred seventy-three Northern Snakehead were captured by boat electrofishing during May and June of 2007 and 2008. Their gut contents were extracted and preserved. The level of digestion of each prey item was estimated from fresh (1) to >50% digested (4) or empty (5). Random forest models were used to predict feeding activity based on time of day, tide level, date, water temperature, fish total length, and sex. Diel movement patterns were assessed by implanting Northern Snakehead with radio transmitters and monitoring them every 1.5 h for 24 h in both March and July 2007. Movement rates were compared between March and July and among four daily time periods. Independent variables accounted for only 6% of the variation in feeding activity; however, temporal feeding patterns were apparent. No fresh items were observed in guts between 12:30 and 7:30 am, and the proportion of empty stomachs increased at the end of May coinciding with the onset of spawning. Overall, fish moved greater distances during the July tracking period compared to March. Fish showed a greater propensity to move during daylight hours than at night during the March tracking period. A similar but nonsignificant (<EM>P </EM>> 0.05) pattern was observed in July. Movement and feeding data both indicated greater activity during daylight hours than at night, suggesting that Northern Snakehead is a diurnal species. Based on our preliminary findings, we hypothesize that a) diurnal species are more susceptible than nocturnal species to predation by Northern Snakehead and b) Northern Snakehead are more likely to compete for food with diurnal than nocturnal predators.

scholarly journals Seasonal Occurence of Food and Feeding Habit of Labeo bata(Hamilton) (Cypriniformes : Cyprinidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdur Razzaq Joadder
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Labeo Bata ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
Potential Food

Food and feeding habits of fishes have a great significance in aquaculture practices. It helps to select such species of fishes for culture which will utilize all the available potential food of the water bodies without much competition with one another but will live in association with other fishes. This paper deals with the feeding intensity and food habits of L. bata . Food and feeding habit of freshwater minor carp Labeo bata (120 to 250 mm total length) were studied. The fish is a herbivore, feeding mainly on algae (22.32 %), higher plant parts (31.26 %), protozoans (7.42 %), crustaceans (15.33 %), insects (3.56 %), muds, sand, debris and detritus (16.32 %) and unidentified food materials (3.99%).Journal of Science Foundation, 2014;12(1):7-15

scholarly journals Studies on the Food and Feeding Habits of Swamp Deer (Rucervus duvaucelii duvaucelii) in Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

ISRN Zoology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tewari ◽  
G. S. Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Quadrat Method ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
Swamp Deer ◽  
Land Use Practices

Food habits of the swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii duvaucelii) were studied in and around Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve (JJCR), Uttarakhand, for two years. This population (320 in number) was recently rediscovered in the state (2005) and warranted an ecological study because the habitat around this study area is heavily fragmented due to expansion of agriculture, habitation, and various other land use practices. Therefore, this study was initiated by the major objective of studying seasonal variation in food habits of swamp deer. Proportionate food consumption was studied using feeding quadrat method. The study reveals that the overall diet of swamp deer consisted mainly of graminoids (grasses and sedges) and herbs (terrestrial and aquatic). In the protected areas studied earlier, the swamp deer habitat was dominated by grasses, and hence they were reported to be predominantly a grazer who occasionally fed on aquatic plants (Schaller 1967 and others). In contrast, at Jhilmil, the area also has equal presence of other plant types namely, sedges and terrestrial herbs. This resulted in polyphagous feeding habit of animal here.

Is soybean oil an effective repellent against Aedes aegypti?

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory Campbell ◽  
Gerhard Gries
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Insect Repellent ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Repellent Effect ◽  
Human Forearm

AbstractSoybean oil (SO) is considered an active ingredient in commercial BiteBlocker™ insect-repellent products. Our objective was to test mechanisms by which SO exhibits repellency, using the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae), as a representative blood-feeding insect. In dual-port glass-cage olfactometers, human hands treated with SO at various concentrations attracted as many mosquitoes as did untreated hands, indicating that SO has no long-range repellent effect. In contrast, hands treated with N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) attracted significantly fewer mosquitoes than did untreated control hands. In cage experiments, treating an area of a human forearm exposed to A. aegypti with SO provided no protection against bites, whereas treating it with DEET did. These results indicate that SO has no short-range or contact repellent properties. Both DEET and the BiteBlocker™ product conferred protection for periods similar to those previously reported. Based on our data, classification of SO as an active mosquito repellent should be reconsidered.

scholarly journals Feeding habits of the Cichlid Chromidotilapia guntheri (Sauvage, 1882) in some hydrosystems of Ivory Coast

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Charles Koffi BOUSSOU ◽  
Gustave N’guessan ALIKO ◽  
Mexmin Koffi KONAN ◽  
Felix Koffi KONAN
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Stomach Content ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Stomach Content Analysis ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Ontogenetic Shift ◽  
It Practices

The feeding habit of Chromidotilapia guntheri was investigated in seven hydrosystems of Ivory Coast. The contents of 156 non-empty stomachs were examined from specimens caught in the rivers Soumié, Eholié, Noé, Ehania and Banco, the Bea rill and the Kpoda lake. Diets composition, feeding strategy and trophic niche width were analyzed among hydrosystems. Stomach content analysis indicated that C. guntheri feeds preferentially on plants and insects debris and secondarily, it consumed insects’ larvae, nymphs and adults in all habitats. This species would be an omnivorous with a detritivorous tendency. As feeding strategy, it practices a generalist strategy even if some individuals displayed specialization intentions on insects at different stages of metamorphosis. Investigations on ontogenetic shift revealed that juveniles and adults of C. guntheri consume substantially the same types of prey with varying amounts depending on the size of the fish. However there is a significant decrease in the proportions of gastropods and oligochaetes ingested when growing.

Comparative foregut functional morphology of three co-occurring mysids (Crustacea: Mysidacea) from south-eastern Tasmania

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ephrime B. Metillo ◽  
David A. Ritz
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Internal Arrangement ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of mysid diets by gut contents analysis have generally revealed a broadly omnivorous feeding habit, but there are also tendencies towards carnivory, herbivory and/or detritivory (e.g. Nath & Pillai, 1973; Siegfried & Kopache, 1980; Mauchline, 1980; Zagursky & Feller, 1985; Wooldridge & Bailey, 1982; Webb & Wooldridge, 1989). Examination of feeding structures is also necessary to support inferences about feeding ecology (e.g. Webb & Wooldridge, 1989). However, there have been few studies relating to the functional morphology of mysid foreguts (Gelderd, 1909; Haffer, 1965; Nath & Pillai, 1973; Mauchline, 1980; Friesen et al., 1986; Webb & Wooldridge, 1989; Storch, 1989). With the exception of the latter two studies, qualitative descriptions and characterization of the different internal foregut structures have been primarily based on light microscopy. These studies may misinterpret the internal arrangement, topography, and three-dimensional orientation of the internal armature of the foregut, mainly due to problems with depth of field (Grice & Lawson, 1971). Oshel & Steele (1988), from SEM observations, briefly described some foregut features of Gnathophausia ingens. In a comparative study, Storch (1989), using the techniques of transmission and scanning electron microscopy, described in detail the different food chambers and channels, cuticular ridges, and ultrastructure of the epithelial and cuticular linings of the mysid foregut. Webb & Wooldridge (1989) noted the strong relationship between mouthparts, foregut morphology, and the feeding habits of two co-occurring mysids.

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