Environmental conditions differently affect the wing size and shape of two blow fly species (Calliphoridae) of forensic importance in the Brazilian tropical ecosystems

A landmark-based geometric morphometric approach was used to assess differences in the size and shape of wing among/within three species of the Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): C. canicularis, C. himantopus and C. orthotricha. Wing size and shape variation was observed from 25, 176 and 41 specimens of C. canicularis, C. himantopus and C. orthotricha, respectively, collected from six localities on the Balkan Peninsula. Significant differences in wing size were obtained among the analysed species and canonical variate analysis showed that wing shape was sufficiently different to allow the correct classification of 73% individuals of C. canicularis, 80% of C. orthotricha and 94% of C. himantopus, and clear delimitation of the species pairs C. canicularis/C. orthotricha and C. himantopus/C. orthotricha. In all analysed species, the consistent sex dimorphism in wing shape was observed indicating that female specimens had shorter and broader wings than males. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on squared Mahalanobis distances revealed close accordance with previously published phylogenetic relationships of these species indicated by allozyme and DNA sequence data analysis. Our results suggested that wing parameters contain useful information in quantification phenotypic variation and identification of species in this challenging group for taxonomy and systematics.

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Wing size and shape variation of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) populations from the south and north slopes of the Atlas Mountains in Morocco

Journal of Vector Ecology ◽

10.1111/j.1948-7134.2012.00210.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 137-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jorian Prudhomme ◽

Filiz Gunay ◽

Nil Rahola ◽

Fouad Ouanaimi ◽

Souad Guernaoui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽

Wing Size ◽

Shape Variation ◽

The South ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Atlas Mountains

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Heat stress and age induced maternal effects on wing size and shape in parthenogenetic Drosophila mercatorum

Journal of Evolutionary Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00955.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 884-892 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

D. H. ANDERSEN ◽

C. PERTOLDI ◽

V. SCALI ◽

V. LOESCHCKE

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Maternal Effects ◽

Wing Size ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Drosophila Mercatorum

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Adaptation to a novel predator inDrosophila melanogaster: How well are we able to predict evolutionary responses?

10.1101/005322 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael DeNieu ◽

William Pitchers ◽

Ian Dworkin

Keyword(s):

Natural Selection ◽

Experimental Evolution ◽

Phenotypic Selection ◽

Ancestral Population ◽

Wing Size ◽

Short Term ◽

Heritable Variation ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Evolutionary Trajectories ◽

Short Term Prediction

Evolutionary theory is sufficiently well developed to allow for short-term prediction of evolutionary trajectories. In addition to the presence of heritable variation, prediction requires knowledge of the form of natural selection on relevant traits. While many studies estimate the form of natural selection, few examine the degree to which traits evolve in the predicted direction. In this study we examine the form of natural selection imposed by mantid predation on wing size and shape in the fruitfly,Drosophila melanogaster. We then evolve populations ofD. melanogasterunder predation pressure, and examine the extent to which wing size and shape have responded in the predicted direction. We demonstrate that wing form partially evolves along the predicted vector from selection, more so than for control lineages. Furthermore, we re-examined phenotypic selection after ~30 generations of experimental evolution. We observed that the magnitude of selection on wing size and shape was diminished in populations evolving with mantid predators, while the direction of the selection vector differed from that of the ancestral population for shape. We discuss these findings in the context of the predictability of evolutionary responses, and the need for fully multivariate approaches.

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Annual Variability of Wing Morphology in Culex sitiens Wiedemann (Diptera, Culicidae) Mosquito Vectors from the Coastal Area of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2019/3978965 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tanawat Chaiphongpachara ◽

Sedthapong Laojun

Keyword(s):

Coastal Area ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Wing Shape ◽

Procrustes Analysis ◽

Effective Control ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Wing Size ◽

Bonferroni Correction ◽

Wing Morphology ◽

Size And Shape

Culex sitiens Wiedemann (Diptera, Culicidae) is a mosquito vector that is found in coastal areas. Effective control of mosquitoes requires knowledge of the biology, ecology, and behavior of the vector as well as of various other aspects, including its morphology. Currently, variations in the wing size and shape of coastal Cx. sitiens have not been described. Here, morphological changes were studied in the wings of Cx. sitiens from a coastal area of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. Samples were collected at night (6:00 pm–6:00 am) during single weeks of September in the years 2015–2017 using Center for Disease Control light traps with dry ice as bait. Eighteen landmarks of each individual were selected and digitized for landmark-based geometric morphometric analyses. Wing size variability was estimated using the isometric estimator of centroid size. Wing-shape variables were computed as Procrustes superimposition with residual coordinates of the 18 landmarks following a Generalized Procrustes Analysis and the principal components of residual coordinates. Degrees of wing-shape dissimilarity among individuals were analyzed using discriminant analysis or canonical variate analysis, which was illustrated in a discriminant space of canonical variables. Differences in wing size and shape among populations were calculated using nonparametric permutations based on 1000 runs with Bonferroni correction tests at a p-value of <0.05. The wing sizes and shapes of the mosquitoes differed significantly between observation years in all population groups, as indicated by nonparametric tests (1000 runs) with the Bonferroni correction. Differing rainfall between observation years was related to morphological changes in mosquito populations, presumably reflecting environmental adaptation. Differences in the wing morphology of Cx. sitiens between annual populations reflect adaptation to environmental variables such as rainfall and may affect the potential to act as insect vectors of human disease. These observations may facilitate the development of tools for managing mosquito-borne disease.

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