Effects of Metal-Polycation Pillaring and Exchangeable Cations on Aflatoxin Adsorption by Smectite

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khan ◽  
Mohammad Saleem Akhtar ◽  
Saba Akbar ◽  
Khalid Saifullah Khan ◽  
Mazhar Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exchangeable Cations

KARAKTERISTIK TANAH DAN PERBANDINGAN PRODUKSI KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DENGAN METODE TANAM LUBANG BESAR DAN PARIT DRAINASE 2:1 PADA LAHAN SPODOSOL DI KABUPATEN BARITO TIMUR PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH - INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Surianto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Hole Profile ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Spodosol soil of Typic Placorthod sub-group of East Barito District is one of the problem soils with the presence of hardpan layer, low fertility, low water holding capacity, acid reaction and it is not suitable for oil palm cultivation without any properly specific management of land preparation and implemented best agronomic practices. A study was carried out to evaluate the soil characteristic of a big hole (A profile) and no big hole (B profile) system and comparative oil palm productivity among two planting systems. This study was conducted in Spodosol soil at oil palm plantation (coordinate X = 0281843 and Y = 9764116), East Barito District, Central Kalimantan Province on February 2014, by surveying of placic and ortstein depth and observing soil texture and chemical properties of 2 (two) oil palm's soil profiles that have been planted in five years. Big hole system of commercial oil palm field planting on the Spodosol soil area was designed for the specific purpose of minimizing the potential of a negative effect of shallow effective planting depth for oil palms growing due to the hardpan layer (placic and ortstein) presence as deep as 0.25 - 0.50 m. The big hole system is a planting hole type which was vertical-sided with 2.00 m x 1.50 m on top and bottom side and 3.00 m depth meanwhile the 2:1 drain was vertical-sided also with 1.50 m depth and 300 m length. Oil palm production was recorded from the year 2012 up to 2014. Results indicated that the fractions both big hole profile (A profile) and no big hole profile (B profile) were dominated by sands ranged from 60% to 92% and the highest sands content of non-big hole soil profile were found in A and E horizons (92%). Better distribution of sand and clay fractions content in between layers of big hole soil profiles of A profile sample is more uniform compared to the B profile sample. The mechanical holing and material mixing of soil materials of A soil profile among the upper and lower horizons i.e. A, E, B and C horizons before planting that resulted a better distribution of both soil texture (sands and clay) and chemical properties such as acidity value (pH), C-organic, N, C/N ratio, CEC, P-available and Exchangeable Bases. Investigation showed that exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K), were very low in soil layers (A profile) and horizons (B profile) investigated. The low exchangeable cations due to highly leached of bases to the lower layers and horizons. Besides, the palm which was planted on the big hole system showed good adaptation and response positively by growing well of tertiary and quaternary roots that the roots were penetrable into deeper rooting zone as much as >1.00 m depth. The roots can grow well and penetrate much deeper in A profile compared to the undisturbed hardpan layer (B profile). The FFB (fresh fruit bunches) production of the non-big hole block was higher than the big hole block for the first three years of production. This might be due to the high variation of monthly rainfall in-between years of observation from 2009 to 2014. Therefore, the hardness of placic and ortstein as unpenetrable agents by roots and water to prevent water loss and retain the water in the rhizosphere especially in the drier weather. In the high rainfall condition, the 2:1 drain to prevent water saturation in the oil palm rhizosphere by moving some water into the drain. Meanwhile, the disturbed soil horizon (big hole area) was drier than un disturbance immediately due to water removal to deeper layers. We concluded that both big hole and 2:1 drain are a suitable technology for Spodosol soil land especially in preparing palms planting to minimize the negative effect of the hardpan layer for oil palm growth.

Influence of the exchangeable cations on SO2 adsorption capacities of clinoptilolite-rich natural zeolite

Adsorption ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryem Sakizci ◽  
Burcu Erdoğan Alver ◽  
Ertuğrul Yörükoğullari
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
So2 Adsorption

EXCHANGEABLE CATIONS IN SOLODIZED-SOLONETZ AND SOLONETZ-LIKE SOILS OF SASKATCHEWAN*

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. JANZEN ◽  
H. C. MOSS
Keyword(s):  
Exchangeable Cations

scholarly journals Pinus afforestation in South Brazilian highlands: soil chemical attributes and organic matter composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Pinheiro Dick ◽  
Simone Benvenuti Leite ◽  
Ricardo Simão Diniz Dalmolin ◽  
Henrique Cesar Almeida ◽  
Heike Knicker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Carboxylic Groups ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
The Impact

In the last three decades, exotic tree species are being introduced in the natural pastures of the highlands located at the northeastern part of Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), Brazil. This alteration of land use may impart drastic changes in the soil attributes. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the impact of Pinus taeda afforestation on soil chemical attributes and organic matter (SOM) composition in Leptosols from Campos de Cima da Serra, RS. Soil samples under eight year old (Pi8) and 30 year old (Pi30) Pinus plantations and under native pasture (NP) were studied. Contents of exchangeable cations and of micronutrients and soil pH were determined. The SOM composition was investigated by means of elemental analyses and FTIR spectroscopy. The soil under pasture had a higher content of nutrients and of SOM in comparison to Pinus soils, reflecting the higher input and decomposition rate of the below ground added residue in the grassland environment. The SOM in pasture soils showed a higher content of carbohydrate and of structures derived from microbial metabolism. Besides the depletion of nutrients and of SOM, Pinus afforestation affected the SOM quality: following afforestation, the proportion of chemically recalcitrant structures and of carboxylic groups increased, whereas N-containing groups decreased.

The conversion of smectite to illite during diagenesis: evidence from some illitic clays from bentonites and sandstones

1985 ◽  
Vol 49 (352) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Nadeau ◽  
M. J. Wilson ◽  
W. J. McHardy ◽  
J. M. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Diffraction Effect ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Depth Of Burial ◽  
Particle Thickness ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractDiagenetic illitic clays from seven North American bentonites of Ordovician, Devonian, and Cretaceous ages and from three subsurface North Sea sandstones of Permian and Jurassic ages have been examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). XRD indicates that the clays from the bentonites are randomly and regularly interstratified illite/smectites (I/S) with 30–90% illite layers, whereas the clays from the Jurassic and Permian sandstones are regularly interstratified I/S, with 80–90% illite layers, and illite respectively. TEM of shadowed materials shows that randomly interstratified I/S consists primarily of mixtures of elementary smectite and ‘illite’ particles (10 and 20Å thick respectively) and that regularly interstratified I/S and illite consist mainly of ‘illite’ particles 20–50 Å thick and > 50 Å thick respectively. Regularly interstratified I/S from bentonites and sandstones are similar with regard to XRD character and particle thickness distribution. These observations can be rationalized if the interstratified XRD character arises from an interparticle diffraction effect, where the smectite interlayers perceived by XRD, result from adsorption of exchangeable cations and water or organic molecules at the interfaces of particles generally < 50Å thick. A neoformation mechanism is proposed by which smectite is converted to illite with increasing depth of burial in sedimentary rocks, based on dissolution of smectite particles and the precipitation/growth of ‘illite’ particles occurring within a population of thin phyllosilicate crystals.

Effect of exchangeable cations on the physicochemical properties of smectite

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ayari ◽  
E. Srasra ◽  
M. Trabelsi-Ayadi
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Exchangeable Cations
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