Stratification of Soil Porosity and Organic Matter

PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DE UM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO CULTIVADO NO SISTEMA PLANTIO DIRETO Fernanda de Fátima da Silva; Onã da Silva Freddi; José Frederico Centurion; Ricardo Garcia Aratani; Fabricia Flavia Andrioli; Itamar Andrioli Departamento de Solos e Adubos, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterináiras, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, [email protected] 1 RESUMO A pressão exercida pelo tráfego de máquinas necessário ao cultivo das culturas pode levar à compactação do solo com o tempo de uso do sistema plantio direto. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tempo de adoção do sistema plantio direto em algumas propriedades físicas, índice S, e matéria orgânica (MO) de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico de textura argilosa localizado em Jaboticabal, SP. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com parcelas subdivididas (quatro sistemas de uso e três camadas do solo avaliadas). Os quatros sistemas de uso foram: sistema plantio direto por 2 anos (PD2), plantio direto por 4 anos (PD4), plantio direto por 6 anos (PD6) e uma área de mata nativa (MN). As camadas do solo avaliadas foram: 0-0, 10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,30 m, nas quais foram determinadas a porosidade do solo, o diâmetro médio ponderado, a densidade do solo, índice S, condutividade hidráulica e o teor de matéria orgânica. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e, quando esta indicou diferença entre médias, utilizou-se o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade para compará-las. A mata nativa apresentou o maior teor de matéria orgânica, macroporosidade, condutividade e Índice S; já entre os sistemas de plantio direto não houve diferença entre os parâmetros analisados no experimento, demonstrando que o tempo de seis anos de adoção do sistema não foi suficiente para alterar a qualidade física do solo.UNITERMOS: densidade do solo, porosidade do solo, índice S, condutividade hidráulica, agregados do solo SILVA, F. F.; FREDDI, O. S.; CENTURION, J. F.; ARATANI, R. G.; ANDRIOLI, F. F.; ANDRIOLI, I. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AN OXISOL UNDER NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM 2 ABSTRACT The pressure caused by agricultural machinery traffic many result in soil compactation in no-tillage system. The aim of this work was to evaluate no-tillage system onset time on some physical properties, index S and organic matter (OM) of an oxysol located in Jaboticabal,Sao Paulo State,Brazil. The experiment had completely randomized split-splot design .The treatments consisted of four no-tillage systems: no-tillage for 2 years, no-tillage for 4 years, no-tillage for 6 years and one natural wooded area. The evaluated layers were: 0-0.10m, 0.10-0.20m and 0.20-030m. The following were determined: soil porosity, soil aggregates, bulk density, index S and organic matter. The results were submitted to variance analysis and when there was a difference between averages, Tukey’s test was used to compare them. The natural wooded area showed higher organic matter, macroporosity, hydraulic conductivity and Index S. There was no difference between the studied parameters showing that the no-tillage system for six years was not enough to change the soil physical property. KEY WORDS: bulk density, soil porosity, index S, hydraulic conductivity, soil aggregates.

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Soil organic matter dominates the magnitude of porosity and bulk density in temperate soils, with important implications for land surface models

10.5194/ismc2021-51 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amy Thomas ◽

Fiona Seaton ◽

Jack Cosby ◽

Bridget Emmett ◽

Sabine Reinsch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Land Surface ◽

Pedotransfer Functions ◽

Soil Porosity ◽

Land Surface Models ◽

Surface Models ◽

Global Land ◽

Temperate Soils

<p>Soil porosity controls the flow of mass and energy through soil, and thus plays a fundamental role in regulating hydrological and biochemical cycling at the land surface. Global land surface and earth system models commonly derive porosity from soil texture using pedotransfer functions. This does not allow for response to change in environment or management, or potentially important climate feedbacks. Furthermore, the approach does not fully represent the baseline spatial variation in this important soil property. Here we show that porosity, and bulk density (BD), depend on SOM in temperate soils, using two comprehensive national data sets, covering the full range of soil organic matter (SOM) (n=1385 & n=2570). Our novel use of analytical models with machine learning (ML) algorithms opens up new physical insight into controls on porosity and BD, while generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) provide further insights and opportunities for prediction. Our models allow us to consider influence of management on soil compaction and recent observations that soil porosity responds to climate change. The dependence of soil porosity on SOM, more so than texture, indicates the need for a paradigm shift in the conceptualization and modelling of these soil physical properties. Broad habitat was also an important control, and explained some of the variance in the relationship between SOM and porosity. This highlights that changes in soil porosity may occur due to land use or climate change, and will create feedbacks to hydrological and biogeochemical cycling which should be represented in Global land surface models. This will also be important for other pedotransfer functions, e.g. the use of BD to determine carbon stock from concentration. &#160;In addition, we found opportunities for improved representation of the spatial pattern of porosity, even in the absence of measured data on SOM, based on climate and earth observation data.</p>

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Physical attributes of ultisol of Brazil's northeastern semiarid under organic farming of wine grapes

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201520130066 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 483-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jardenia R. Feitosa ◽

Alessandra M.S. Mendes ◽

Nelci Olszevski ◽

Tony J.F. Cunha ◽

Jorge W. Cortez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Organic Farming ◽

Great Influence ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Tropical Soils ◽

Soil Porosity ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Wine Grapes ◽

Total Soil

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic farming of wine grapes under physical and chemical characteristics of Ultisol Brazil's northeastern semiarid region. The samples of soil were collected from the row and interrow of the farming and from the fallow area, at the depths of 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.20, 0.20-0.30 and 0.30-0.60 m. The samples were collected at six and twelve months after the culture implementation to evaluate the state of aggregation, bulk density and total soil porosity, flocculation index and organic matter contents, calcium, magnesium, and sodium. The results were submitted to statistical analysis. The adoption of organic farming contributed to the soil aggregation process. The bulk density and total soil porosity did not differ significantly between the evaluations, but were within the critical limits for sandy soils. The index flocculation did not have a great influence on the aggregates formation, being this process influenced by organic matter. The period of one year was considered short to obtain conclusive results in improving the soil quality by organic farming, since there are difficulties in tropical soils in promoting significant increases in organic matter content in short time.

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Pengaruh Penggunaan Beberapa Jenis Mulsa terhadap Sifat Fisik Tanah dan Laju Pertumbuhan Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum Esculentum L)

Jurnal BETA (Biosistem dan Teknik Pertanian) ◽

10.24843/jbeta.2021.v09.i01.p01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

I Kadek Dwi Adi Saputra ◽

I Wayan Tika ◽

Ni Luh Yulianti

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Soil Porosity ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Average Value

ABSTRAK Pengolahan tanah secara intensif tanpa memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya antara lain kurangnya unsur hara, pemupukan yang tidak berimbang dapat menurunkan kualitas sifat fisik tanah. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pengolahan tanah agar sesuai dengan syarat tumbuh tanaman tomat. Penggunaan berbagai jenis mulsa pada tanaman tomat diharapkan mampu menciptakan iklim mikro yang sesuai bagi tanaman, memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah antara lain bahan organik tanah, permeabilitas, porositas tanah dan laju pertumbuhan, melancarkan pendauran hara dalam sistem tanah, air, tanaman dan memperbaiki ketersediaan hara bagi tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan sifat fisik tanah akibat penggunaan jenis mulsa sejalan dengan usia tanaman tomat dan mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan jenis mulsa terhadap laju pertumbuhan tanaman tomat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan tanpa mulsa, mulsa plastik perak, mulsa plastik hitam, mulsa plastik UV transparan, dan mulsa jerami padi. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali sehingga terdapat 15 plot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar air tanah 2 MST 13-35%, 4MST 20-42%, 6MST 23-44%, 8MST 27-51%, 10MST 26-53%, 12MST 32-63%. Rata-rata bahan organik tanah 1,16% dengan kategori rendah. Rata-rata permeabilitas tanah 4,13 cm/jam dengan kategori lambat sampai sedang. Perlakuan tanpa mulsa berpengaruh nyata pada porositas tanah dengan nilai rata-rata 48% pada kelas kurang baik. Rata-rata nilai jumlah daun pada perlakuan mulsa plastik perak 122.89 helai dan pada perlakuan jerami padi 124.83 helai. Nilai berat kering tanaman tomat pada perlakuan mulsa jerami padi 205.87 gram dan pada perlakuan mulsa plastik UV transparan 118.33 gram. ABSTRACT Soil processing intensively without paying attention to factors that affect it such as the lack of nutrients, unbalance fertilization decreases the physical quality of the soil. Therefore, soil processing is necessary to the growing condition of the tomato plants. The use of various types of mulch on tomato plants is expected to create a microclimate that suitable for plants, improve soil physical properties including soil organic matter, permeability, soil porosity, and growth rate, reinforce nutrient cycling in the soil, water, plant system and improve nutrient availability for plants. The aims of the research are to determine the changes in soil physical properties due to the use of mulch types in line with the age of tomato plants and determine the effect of the use of mulch types on the rate of growth of tomato plants. This research is conducted with a completely randomized design with treatment without mulch, silver plastic mulch, black plastic mulch, transparent UV plastic mulch, and rice straw mulch. Each handling 15 times. The results show that the groundwater content of 2 MST was 13-35%, 4MST 20-42%, 6MST 23-44%, 8MST 27-51%, 10MST 26-53%, 12MST 32-63%. Average soil organic matter 1.16% with low category. The average permeability of land is 4.13 cm/hour in the slow to moderate category. Treatment without mulch significantly affected the soil porosity with an average value of 48% in the less grade. The average value of the number of leaves in the silver plastic mulch treatment 122.89 strands and 124.83 strands of rice straw. The dry weight value of tomato plants in the treatment of rice straw mulch 205.87 grams and in the treatment of transparent UV plastic mulch 118.33 grams.

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Soil Infiltration Management on Perspective of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.46300/91011.2021.15.25 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 219-227

Author(s):

Harry Susanto ◽

Eko Ganis Sukoharsono ◽

Bambang Hendroyono ◽

Amin Setyo Leksono

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Green Economy ◽

Soil Porosity ◽

Soil Infiltration ◽

Economy Model ◽

Single Ring ◽

Development Goals ◽

Soil Infiltration Rate

UB Forest is a Forest Area with Special Purpose (KHDTK) located on the slopes of Mount Arjuno. Before being managed by the University of Brawijaya, there was a change in land cover from natural forest to pine and mahogany production forest. This change was a result of the PHBM (Collaborative Forest Management) contract agreement between Perhutani and the community to carry out agricultural management. The input of organic matter with different quality and quantity will affect the organic matter content and in turn will affect the physical properties of the soil such as bulk density, density and soil porosity. Soil porosity is a physical property of soil that affects soil infiltration. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the management of Forest Areas and to build a green economy model in the management of KHDTK University of Brawijaya Forest in the Perspective of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Malang Regency. The method used in this research is qualitative research. Implementation of green economy model in the management of KHDTK University of Brawijaya Forest in the concept of forestry sector contribution related to climate change; the concept of sustainable forest resource management; and the concept of environmental service providers. The results of the infiltration measurement using the single ring infiltrometer method can better describe the infiltration that occurs in the soil. The highest soil infiltration is in protected areas with a soil infiltration rate of 131.33 cm/hour (single ring infiltrometer). Meanwhile, the lowest infiltration was found in the pine production forest plot overlaid with seasonal crops with a soil infiltration rate of 12 cm/hour (single ring infiltrometer).

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Effect of Land Cover Differences on Soil Infiltration at UB Forest, Karangploso Malang

Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan ◽

10.21776/ub.jtsl.2022.009.1.14 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 131-139

Author(s):

Kurniawan Sigit Wicaksono ◽

Istika Nita ◽

Aditya Nugraha Putra ◽

W Widianto ◽

Fikri Hadi Rusdianto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Land Cover ◽

Plant Density ◽

Particle Density ◽

Basal Area ◽

Influential Factor ◽

Soil Porosity ◽

Observation Data ◽

Soil Infiltration ◽

Production Forests

Changes in land cover of forest provide different soil organic matter which affects soil infiltration through soil porosity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of differences in land cover on soil infiltration at UB Forest of Karangploso Malang. The study area was divided into six plots, namely protected area plots, mahogany production forests, pine production forests intercropped with coffee plants that have three different canopy densities (tenuous, sufficient and tight) and pine production forests intercropped with seasonal crops. Field observations were carried out to analyze the characteristics of vegetation with a sample plot measuring 20x20 m. The parameters observed were canopy density, basal area, plant density, litter and understorey. The taking of soil samples was done by making minipit which was repeated four times; the parameters observed were organic matter, texture, bulk density, particle density and soil porosity. Infiltration measurements were carried out with two methods i.e. single ring infiltrometer and rainfall simulator, each of which was repeated three times. Observation data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by with LSD test with a significant level of 5%. The results showed that differences in land cover can affect soil infiltration (F-count > F-table 3.33). The effect of land cover on infiltration occurs through litter which is a source of organic material which will then affect the physical properties of the soil, namely soil porosity. Soil porosity is a very influential factor in soil infiltration. The highest soil infiltration reta of 131.33 cm hour-1 was found in protected areas. Meanwhile, the lowest infiltration rate of 12 cm hour-1 was found in pine production forest plots intercropped with annual crops.

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