Heat-induced changes of chlorophyll fluorescence in isolated chloroplasts and related heat-damage at the pigment level

1978 ◽  
Vol 502 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Schreiber ◽  
Paul A. Armond
2010 ◽  
Vol II (4) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatko Zlatev ◽  
Andon Vassilev ◽  
Vasilii Goltsev ◽  
Georgi Popov

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 212-220
Author(s):  
Glynn Percival ◽  
Kelly Noviss

The ability of penconazole, a triazole fungicide derivative, to protect against and ameliorate heat stress was studied in evergreen oak (Quercus ilex) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Under laboratory conditions, heat damage to the leaf photosynthetic system based on the stability of the chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complex within photosystem II (chlorophyll fluorescence Fo responses) and leaf photochemical efficiency (chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm emissions) of detached leaves was constantly less in penconazole treated trees. In both species, greatest protection of the leaf photosynthetic system to heat induced disorders was achieved by application of penconazole at a concentration of 30 g per liter of water compared to penconazole applied at a concentration of 0.15 or 0.45 g per liter of water. Subjecting containerized trees of both species to 10 minutes at 50°C significantly reduced tree vitality with respect to chlorophyll fluorescence Fo and Fv/ Fm emissions, total foliar chlorophylls, leaf photosynthetic rates (Pn) and significantly increased damage to cellular membrane integrity as manifest by higher leaf electrolyte leakage and visual leaf necrosis between stressed and non-heat stressed well-watered trees. The influence of penconazole applied immediately after heat stress on the pattern of recovery over the following twelve weeks demonstrated penconazole treated trees were the most capable of recovery. With respect to chlorophyll fluorescence Fo and leaf electrolyte leakage values recovery rates of heat damaged trees treated with penconazole ranged from 20%–50% higher than non-triazole treated control trees. In all cases nonpenconazole treated control trees had the least capacity for recovery. Regardless of species, height, leaf area, root, shoot, and total plant dry weight were, in virtually all instances, greater than non-penconazole treated controls. The tactical use of the triazole derivative penconazole as an ameliorant against heat damage and recovery from heat stress in Scots pine and evergreen oak would be of benefit to improve tree recovery rates and growth. From a practical point of view penconazole at 30 g a.i. per liter of water is suggested based on the results of this study.


1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (23) ◽  
pp. 2842-2845 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fragata

The correlation between emission of energy and photochemical activity in isolated chloroplasts during aging was investigated. It was shown that aging hinders the intensity of chlorophyll-a fluorescence with a concomitant decrease of the photosystem II activity. In view of the parallelism between the action of exogenous fatty acids, especially C18-unsaturated acids, and the effects of aging, it is suggested that the thylakoid transformation during aging could result partly from conformational changes of the membrane polypeptides due to the presence of free fatty acids in the neighborhood of the protein molecules. It is possible that such a mechanism of fatty acid action may alter the fluorescence characteristics of chlorophyll as well as the tunneling of electrons in the photosynthetic membrane.


2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Miranda ◽  
D. C. Joyce ◽  
S. E. Hetherington ◽  
P. N. Jones

Effects on vase life and chlorophyll fluorescence were evaluated for kangaroo paw Bush Dawn flowers harvested from 3 growth environments and kept at 3 storage temperatures for 4 storage periods. Flowers were grown in a glasshouse, shadehouse and in the open. Harvested flowers were stored at 0, 7.5 or 13°C for 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks. Minimum fluorescence values decreased progressively from 0.103 to 0.078 as storage temperatures increased from 0 to 13°C. Relative fluorescence ratios of stored kangaroo paw flowers were altered significantly in response to storage temperature, storage duration and growth environment. Relative fluorescence ratios decreased progressively from 0.778 to 0.649 with increasing storage duration from 1 to 4 weeks. Relative fluorescence values were 0.688, 0.784 and 0.711 for 0, 7.5 and 13°C storage temperatures, respectively. Minimum fluorescence did not differ among the growth environments, but relative fluorescence was highest for the shadehouse (0.760) and lowest for the open (0.695). Vase life was also influenced by storage temperature, storage duration and flower source. Main effect vase lives of flowers were 6.6, 7.2 and 3.4 days for 0, 7.5 and 13°C storage temperatures, respectively. Shorter vase life after storage at 0 than at 7.5°C indicates that Bush Dawn is chilling sensitive. Post-storage longevity of flowers from the shadehouse (6.5 days) and glasshouse (6.3 days) was greater than from the open (4.2 days). Relative fluorescence values, which decreased in a linear manner for all storage temperatures as storage duration increased, were significantly correlated with the vase life.


1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 722-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Schmidt ◽  
Hans Rurainski

Abstract The chlorophyll fluorescence of isolated chloroplasts in the presence of phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) can be quenched in a light-dependent reaction. This phenomenan has been studied and the following observations were made: 1. Quenching occurs under non-phosphorylating conditions and is stimulated by Mg2+ ions. 2. Under the same conditions, a light-dependent, Mg2+ stimulated transient decrease of absorp­ tion at 388 nm is observed which shows the spectral characteristics of PMS. 3. PMS is reversibly bound to chloroplasts. Under the experimental conditions used, binding amounts to as much as 0.5 mol PMS/mol chlorophyll. 4. Some uncouplers of photophosphorylation such as carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazon (CCCP) and atebrin analog abolish quenching, transient absorption change and binding of PMS. Others, such as methylamine, ammonia, gramicidin and nigericin do not. It is suggested that fluorescence quenching, transient absorption change and binding of PMS are causally related. The concept, postulated by others, that a high-energy state of the chloroplast membrane is involved in the fluorescence lowering is questioned.


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