Effects of whole-body X-irradiation on the cholinesterase activity in liver and bone marrow of the guinea pig

1960 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 528-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Lundin ◽  
Carl-Johan Clemedson
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
X Irradiation

Effect of Whole Body X-Irradiation on Plasma and Intestinal Cholinesterase and on Drug Responses of Isolated Intestinal Loops in the Rhesus Monkey, Rat and Guinea Pig

1956 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur B. French ◽  
Patricia E. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
X Irradiation

Cholinesterase activity and responses to pressure, acetylcholine, histamine and eserine were studied in isolated intestinal loops from 15 rhesus monkeys, 4 rats and 31 guinea pigs subjected to whole body x-irradiation, and in loops from paired control animals. Ileal and jejunal nonspecific cholinesterase levels were reduced in rats 48 hours after 650 r, and in guinea pigs 48 hours after 250 r, but not in rhesus monkeys 48 hours and 7–9 days after 800 r. Monkey plasma cholinesterase levels showed only a small preterminal decrease when measured daily after 800 r. The peristaltic responses of monkey and guinea pig intestinal loops to intraluminal pressure were normal at the above intervals after radiation. In monkeys, rats and guinea pigs the dose of acetylcholine required to elicit a contraction was unchanged by radiation regardless of whether threshold dose or the dose which produced 50% of the calculated maximal response was measured. The height of the maximum contractile response of monkey ileal and jejunal loops to acetylcholine was greater at both time intervals after radiation than in control loops. This difference was not found in rats or guinea pigs or in monkeys after histamine or eserine. These observations cast doubt on the idea that changes in intestinal cholinesterase activity or in the sensitivity of intestinal muscle to acetylcholine play a significant part in the vomiting and the changes in intestinal motor activity which follow x-irradiation.

scholarly journals Regeneration of blood-forming organs after autologous leukocyte transfusion in lethally irradiated dogs. II. Distribution and cellularity of the marrow in irradiated and transfused animals

Blood ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Calvo ◽  
TM Fliedner ◽  
E Herbst ◽  
E Hugl ◽  
C Bruch
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Trabecular Bones ◽  
Marrow Cellularity ◽  
Number Of Cells

Dogs were given transfusions of cryopreserved autologous mononuclear blood leukocytes after 1200 roentgens (R) (midline dose) whole-body x- irradiation. Bone marrow repopulation was studied by means of histomorphological methods at days 9 and 10 after transfusion of an average of 3 X 10(9), 7 X 10(9), 13 X 10(9), and 31 X 10(9) cells. The return of marrow cellularity to normal values was related to the number of cells transfused. With low cell doses (3 X 10(9) and 7 X 10(9)), the marrow regeneration at 10 days was focal. There were groups of cells (colonies) showing either erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis, or megakaryocytopoiesis in the osteal niches of the trabecular bones. Frequently such niches were seen showing complete cellular recovery next to niches with complete aplasia. With higher cell doses, all niches showed hemopoietic regeneration, and the cellularity approached normal values. No hemopoietic regeneration was observed in those skeletal parts that do not show hemopoiesis, even under normal circumstances.

Influence of reticuloendothelial hyperfunction on bone marrow transplantation

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Wooles ◽  
N. R. Di Luzio
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
High Degree

Reticuloendothelial (RE) hyperfunction was induced in C57/BL mice by the administration of trypsinized zymosan or glucan. The exposure of RE hyperfunctional mice to 800 r whole-body X-irradiation produced no change in phagocytic activity as denoted by the intravascular removal rate of colloidal carbon. The saline-injected control group showed a significant impairment in RE phagocytic activity. Reticuloendothelial hyperfunction existing at the time of bone marrow transplantation did not alter the high degree of recovery from radiation exposure afforded by isologous bone marrow transplantation. However, survival in RE hyperfunctional animals appeared to be correlated to the genetic diversity of the transplanted marrow since RE hyperactive animals receiving the homo- or heterografts manifested a 100% mortality as opposed to a 30-day survival of 90% and 25% in the respective saline-treated irradiated mice. These findings demonstrate that the early acceptance or rejection of the transplant is influenced by the functional state of the RES and the genetic variation of the transplant.

Some Observations on the Epidemiology and the Pathology of Reticulum Cell Sarcomas in (C57BL/Cne x C3H/Cne) F1 Mice

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Covelli ◽  
Pietro Metalli ◽  
Bruno Bassani ◽  
Benito Di Caterino ◽  
Giovanni Silini
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Reticulum Cell ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Mesenteric Node ◽  
X Irradiation

Life-long observations on untreated animals have shown that spontaneous reticulum cell sarcomas (RCS) developed in 56.5 % male mice of the hybrid (C57BL/Cne x C3H/Cne) F1 strain; the average age at death of mice with tumors was 949 days, compared with 929 days for all causes: no age-specific peak of mortality has been shown to occur over the entire life span of the animals. Histologically, the spleen and all the lymphnodes, including the mesenteric node, were always invaded; neoplastic growth was found less frequently in kidneys, liver and lungs (77, 70, and 40%, respectively), only occasionally in other organs such as adrenals and testes, and never in the thymus. The tumor was predominantly composed of a single type of neoplastic cells, resembling highly undifferentiated reticular cells, typically proliferating from the periarteriolar region of the lymphatic follicles in the spleen. The monomorphic aspect of the tumor cell population suggests that RCS in this strain of mice may be classified as type A according to Dunn. Electron-microscopy observations showed the presence of a few virus-like particles both in tumor cells and in sediments from cell-free extracts. Transplantation of cells from spontaneous RCS into both normal and lethally-irradiated syngeneic recipients was successful only in 4 out of 7 experiments, regardless of the tissue of origin of the neoplastic cells (spleen, lymphnodes or bone marrow). Virus-like particles were seen with higher frequency in transplanted tumors. Inoculation of cell-free extracts into neonatal mice of low-leukemia strains has not so far been successful. Splenectomy of young animals as well as the intravenous injection of syngeneic bone marrow cells immediately following a lethal dose of whole-body X-irradiation significantly reduced the frequency of spontaneous tumors.

CONTINUOUS METABOLIC STUDIES ON NORMAL AND DEPANCREATIZED DOGS DURING REPEATED WHOLE BODY X IRRADIATION

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-871
Author(s):  
O. H. Gaehler ◽  
R. J. Bloor ◽  
Harold C. Choitz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Insulin Requirement ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Total Dosage ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Main Portion

Experiments on normal and depancreatized bitches were carried out to determine how well multiple doses of 90 r or less of X radiation are tolerated, and whether there are any metabolic effects suggesting stimulation or suppression of the adrenals. In two normal animals, total dosage for the main portion of the trunk was 574 and 3549 r, in 4 and 22 months, respectively; in the depancreatized one, 807 r in 9 months. Dosages for head and pelvis approximated 44% of these amounts. Food intake was constant, and daily records were kept of body weight, water intake, urine volume, and urine nitrogen. The general condition of all animals remained excellent. Periods of estrus continued. Weight was maintained or increased during long series of exposures. No changes in water balance or nitrogen output occurred which resembled those observed in dogs receiving corticotropin or hydrocortisone (1). In the depancreatized animal, the insulin requirement, known for 5 preceding years, was unaffected. Thus no evidence for stimulation or suppression of adrenal function was obtained. Histological examination of bone marrow and other tissues of the animal which received the largest total dose gave little evidence of damage. Moderate increases in urine volume of the normal animals suggested possible early renal impairment.

Glycogen changes in bone marrow nerves after whole-body X-irradiation

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenceslao Calvo ◽  
Jer�nimo Forteza-Vila
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
X Irradiation

Response of the Guinea Pig to 200 Roentgens Acute Whole Body X Irradiation

Science ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 111 (2874) ◽  
pp. 88-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Haley ◽  
D. H. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
X Irradiation

scholarly journals Regeneration of blood-forming organs after autologous leukocyte transfusion in lethally irradiated dogs. II. Distribution and cellularity of the marrow in irradiated and transfused animals

Blood ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Calvo ◽  
TM Fliedner ◽  
E Herbst ◽  
E Hugl ◽  
C Bruch
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Trabecular Bones ◽  
Marrow Cellularity ◽  
Number Of Cells

Abstract Dogs were given transfusions of cryopreserved autologous mononuclear blood leukocytes after 1200 roentgens (R) (midline dose) whole-body x- irradiation. Bone marrow repopulation was studied by means of histomorphological methods at days 9 and 10 after transfusion of an average of 3 X 10(9), 7 X 10(9), 13 X 10(9), and 31 X 10(9) cells. The return of marrow cellularity to normal values was related to the number of cells transfused. With low cell doses (3 X 10(9) and 7 X 10(9)), the marrow regeneration at 10 days was focal. There were groups of cells (colonies) showing either erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis, or megakaryocytopoiesis in the osteal niches of the trabecular bones. Frequently such niches were seen showing complete cellular recovery next to niches with complete aplasia. With higher cell doses, all niches showed hemopoietic regeneration, and the cellularity approached normal values. No hemopoietic regeneration was observed in those skeletal parts that do not show hemopoiesis, even under normal circumstances.

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