Phosphorus in fresh water and the marine environment

This paper discusses the consequences on the marine environment, more specifically on the fresh water balance, of the hydroelectric development of several tributaries of Hudson Bay, including James Bay and Foxe Basin. The fresh water balance is determined by identifying, at different scales, the modifications caused by each complex. The main inputs are the freezing and thawing of the ice cover, runoff water, and mass exchange at the air–water interface. Three spatial scales were used to obtain the resolution required to document the cumulative effects of fresh water balance modifications on the water surface layer: the Hudson Bay, the Hudson Strait, and the Labrador Sea. Finally, the addition of the proposed Grande-Baleine hydroelectric complex is examined from the available information and forecasts. Key words: hydroelectric development, impact, marine environment, fresh water balance, ice cover, runoff water, mass exchange.[Journal translation]

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10. International Watercourses: Environmental Protection and Sustainable Use

10.1093/he/9780199594016.003.0010 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 571-616

Author(s):

Alan Boyle ◽

Catherine Redgwell

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Marine Environment ◽

Natural Resource ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Environmental Problems ◽

Finite Resource ◽

International Water Law ◽

International Water ◽

The Law

This chapter turns to issues related to fresh water. Fresh water is a finite resource and the more we pollute it, the more issues we have with its use. A sustainable supply of fresh water is vital to life. Historically, international water law was not particularly concerned with environmental problems. This chapter talks of ‘international watercourse’ which is a convenient designation for rivers, lakes, or groundwater sources shared by two mor more states. The law of international watercourses has for most of its history been concerned with the allocation and use of a natural resource of international significance, not with its conservation or environmental protection. While it can be asserted with some confidence that states are no longer free to pollute or otherwise destroy the ecology of a shared watercourse to the detriment of their neighbours or of the marine environment, definitive conclusions concerning the law in this area are more difficult to draw.

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Diagenesis of ferriferous phases in the Northampton ironstone in the Cowthick quarry near Corby (England)

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800013856 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 127 (2) ◽

pp. 169-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. U. Gehring

Keyword(s):

Isotopic Composition ◽

Partial Pressure ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Marine Environment ◽

Final Stage ◽

Mean Value ◽

Chemical Data ◽

Second Stage ◽

Diagenetic Processes ◽

Siderite Precipitation

AbstractBerthierine, siderite and pyrite are the major ferriferous phases in the Northampton ironstone (NIS). Mineralogical and chemical data suggest a formation of these phases in a diagenetic marine environment changing from post-oxic to sulphidic conditions. Berthierine was formed first when the Fe2+ activity in the diagenetic system increased. Later, this phase was partially replaced by siderite and/or pyrite. A second stage of the diagenetic development in the NIS with increasing CO2 partial pressure (PCO2 ) is documented by siderite. The isotopic composition (δ18O mean value: –1.7‰PDB; δ13C mean value: –8.6‰PDB) points to siderite precipitation from a marine porewater environment with a microbial CO2 source. The shift from post-oxic to sulphidic conditions is indicated by the occurrence of pyrite and can be considered as a final stage. The diagenetic processes in the marine environment and the formation of the ferriferous phases were stopped by the influx of brackish or fresh water when the Midland Shelf turned estuarine.

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