scholarly journals Diagenesis of ferriferous phases in the Northampton ironstone in the Cowthick quarry near Corby (England)

1990 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. U. Gehring
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Diagenetic Processes ◽  
Siderite Precipitation

AbstractBerthierine, siderite and pyrite are the major ferriferous phases in the Northampton ironstone (NIS). Mineralogical and chemical data suggest a formation of these phases in a diagenetic marine environment changing from post-oxic to sulphidic conditions. Berthierine was formed first when the Fe2+ activity in the diagenetic system increased. Later, this phase was partially replaced by siderite and/or pyrite. A second stage of the diagenetic development in the NIS with increasing CO2 partial pressure (PCO2 ) is documented by siderite. The isotopic composition (δ18O mean value: –1.7‰PDB; δ13C mean value: –8.6‰PDB) points to siderite precipitation from a marine porewater environment with a microbial CO2 source. The shift from post-oxic to sulphidic conditions is indicated by the occurrence of pyrite and can be considered as a final stage. The diagenetic processes in the marine environment and the formation of the ferriferous phases were stopped by the influx of brackish or fresh water when the Midland Shelf turned estuarine.

Seasonal trends in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater runoff in a subarctic catchment at Okstindan, Norway

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Gurney ◽  
D.S.L. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stable Isotopic Composition ◽  
Meltwater Runoff ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Δ18o And Δd

Seasonal variations in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater were investigated in a sub-arctic, mountainous, but non-glacial, catchment at Okstindan in northern Norway based on analyses of δ18O and δD. Samples were collected during four field periods (August 1998; April 1999; June 1999 and August 1999) at three sites lying on an altitudinal transect (740–970 m a.s.l.). Snowpack data display an increase in the mean values of δ18O (increasing from a mean value of −13.51 to −11.49‰ between April and August), as well as a decrease in variability through the melt period. Comparison with a regional meteoric water line indicates that the slope of the δ18O–δD line for the snowpacks decreases over the same period, dropping from 7.49 to approximately 6.2.This change points to the role of evaporation in snowpack ablation and is confirmed by the vertical profile of deuterium excess. Snowpack seepage data, although limited, also suggest reduced values of δD, as might be associated with local evaporation during meltwater generation. In general, meltwaters were depleted in δ18O relative to the source snowpack at the peak of the melt (June), but later in the year (August) the difference between the two was not statistically significant. The diurnal pattern of isotopic composition indicates that the most depleted meltwaters coincide with the peak in temperature and, hence, meltwater production.

The Subject Matter of Intellectual Property

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Pila
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Relationship

This book offers a study of the subject matter protected by each of the main intellectual property (IP) regimes. With a focus on European and UK law particularly, it considers the meaning of the terms used to denote the objects to which IP rights attach, such as ‘invention’, ‘authorial work’, ‘trade mark’, and ‘design’, with reference to the practice of legal officials and the nature of those objects specifically. To that end it proceeds in three stages. At the first stage, in Chapter 2, the nature, aims, and values of IP rights and systems are considered. As historically and currently conceived, IP rights are limited (and generally transferable) exclusionary rights that attach to certain intellectual creations, broadly conceived, and that serve a range of instrumentalist and deontological ends. At the second stage, in Chapter 3, a theoretical framework for thinking about IP subject matter is proposed with the assistance of certain devices from philosophy. That framework supports a paradigmatic conception of the objects protected by IP rights as artifact types distinguished by their properties and categorized accordingly. From this framework, four questions are derived concerning: the nature of the (categories of) subject matter denoted by the terms ‘invention’, ‘authorial work’, ‘trade mark’, ‘design’ etc, including their essential properties; the means by which each subject matter is individuated within the relevant IP regime; the relationship between each subject matter and its concrete instances; and the manner in which the existence of a subject matter and its concrete instances is known. That leaves the book’s final stage, in Chapters 3 to 7. Here legal officials’ use of the terms above, and understanding of the objects that they denote, are studied, and the results presented as answers to the four questions identified previously.

Study on Drying Characteristics of Microalgae under Different Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 296-299
Author(s):  
Chun Xiang Chen ◽  
Xiao Qian Ma ◽  
Xiao Cong Li ◽  
Wei Ping Qin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Two Stages

To find out an alternative of coal saving, a kind of microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) which is widespread in fresh water was studied by digital blast drying system. The effect of the moisture content, drying thickness and temperature on the drying process of C. vulgaris were investigated. The results indicated that when the drying temperature is high, the moisture content is low and the material thickness is small, the drying time is short. The drying process of C.vulgaris can be divided into two stages, and the mass loss is mainly occurred in the second stage . The results will provide guidance for design of drying process and dryer of microalgae.

Impacts cumulatifs du développement hydro-électrique sur le bilan d'eau douce de la baie d'Hudson

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Anctil ◽  
Richard Couture
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Mass Exchange ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Hydroelectric Development

This paper discusses the consequences on the marine environment, more specifically on the fresh water balance, of the hydroelectric development of several tributaries of Hudson Bay, including James Bay and Foxe Basin. The fresh water balance is determined by identifying, at different scales, the modifications caused by each complex. The main inputs are the freezing and thawing of the ice cover, runoff water, and mass exchange at the air–water interface. Three spatial scales were used to obtain the resolution required to document the cumulative effects of fresh water balance modifications on the water surface layer: the Hudson Bay, the Hudson Strait, and the Labrador Sea. Finally, the addition of the proposed Grande-Baleine hydroelectric complex is examined from the available information and forecasts. Key words: hydroelectric development, impact, marine environment, fresh water balance, ice cover, runoff water, mass exchange.[Journal translation]

scholarly journals Isotopic composition of blood plasma carbon in patients with endocrine diseases

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
A. A. Ivlev ◽  
N. P. Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cellular Division ◽  
Disease Heterogeneity ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Relationship

Forty-eight patients suffering from diabetes mellitus, obesity, hyper- and hypothyrosis, Icenko-Cushings disease were examined to elucidate the relationship between blood plasma carbon isotopic composition and the type of the endocrine disease. This value varied within the range of 19.7 to 24.7 , the mean value being 5 . Blood plasma carbon in the diabetics is enriched for 12C light isotope (delta-13C from 23.0 to 24.5 ) as against a similar characteristic in obese patients (delta-13C from 20.5 to 21.99 ). Patients with hypo- and hyperthyrosis and the Icenko- Cushings disease have a wider range of delta-13C values that seems to be explained by the Icenko-Cushings disease heterogeneity and the presence of biorhythms. Clear-cut isotopic differences in the blood sera of adults and children were revealed whatever the disease type, these differences indicating the changes in cellular metabolism energy in the ontogenesis. These data can be satisfactorily explained within the frames of the model of cellular division of carbon isotopes, suggested previously.

10. International Watercourses: Environmental Protection and Sustainable Use

2021 ◽  
pp. 571-616
Author(s):  
Alan Boyle ◽  
Catherine Redgwell
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Finite Resource ◽  
International Water Law ◽  
International Water ◽  
The Law

This chapter turns to issues related to fresh water. Fresh water is a finite resource and the more we pollute it, the more issues we have with its use. A sustainable supply of fresh water is vital to life. Historically, international water law was not particularly concerned with environmental problems. This chapter talks of ‘international watercourse’ which is a convenient designation for rivers, lakes, or groundwater sources shared by two mor more states. The law of international watercourses has for most of its history been concerned with the allocation and use of a natural resource of international significance, not with its conservation or environmental protection. While it can be asserted with some confidence that states are no longer free to pollute or otherwise destroy the ecology of a shared watercourse to the detriment of their neighbours or of the marine environment, definitive conclusions concerning the law in this area are more difficult to draw.

10. The Legal Professions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisdair Gillespie ◽  
Siobhan Weare
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Legal Professions ◽  
Law Degree

This chapter explains what the legal professions are, what they do, and how to qualify as a member of the professions. It examines the rules governing practice as a member of the professions and, in particular, the issue of ethical behaviour. There are two principal branches to the legal profession in England and Wales. The first consists of barristers and the second of solicitors. There are three stages to qualifying as a member of either profession. The first is the academic stage and involves passing either a qualifying law degree or the Graduate Diploma in Law. The second stage is vocational education, either the Bar Professional Training Course (for barristers) or Legal Practice Course (for solicitors). The final stage is work-based training consisting of either pupillage (for barristers) or a training contract (for solicitors). The chapter also discusses the emergence of CILEX as a third branch of the profession.

Genesis of smectite in siliciclastics and pyroclastics of the Eocene İslambeyli Formation in the Lalapaşa region, NW Thrace, Turkey

Clay Minerals ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ekіncі Şans ◽  
F. Esenlі ◽  
S. Kadir ◽  
W.C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Precipitation Mechanism ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Diagenetic Alteration ◽  
Diagenetic Processes ◽  
Direct Precipitation ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Vertical Variations ◽  
Glass Shards

AbstractThe Eocene İslambeyli Formation in the Lalapaşa region (NW Thrace, Turkey) consists predominantly of siliciclastic clayey clastics at the bottom and of claystone, tuff and tuffaceous claystone/ sandstone/limestone in the middle and uppermost parts of this formation. Some tuff-tuffaceous beds of the middle–upper parts of the formation are economically viable bentonite depoits. The İslambeyli Formation exhibits vertical variations in the mineralogy, elemental compositions, and smectite-forming processes. Smectite was formed by weathering and diagenetic processes in the fluvial-shore environments in the lower part and by diagenetic alteration in a shallow-marine environment in the middle–upper parts of the formation. Ca-smectite flakes were formed by two processes: direct precipitation; and by means of a dissolution-precipitation mechanism from feldspar and mica. Dissolution-precipitation was most prevalent in the siliciclastic lower part of the formation. The amounts of Al, Fe, Mg and Ca required to form smectite and accessory illite were supplied mainly from the alteration of feldspars, mica and glass shards. The origin of smectite can also be explained by the inferred solution compositions given the parent phases in this formation, and the devitrification of glass shards in pyroclastic-rich middle–upper parts of the formation. In the upper beds, the observed decrease of K and Fe in the smectite structure coincided with both the increase in the amount of smectite and the increase in solution pH suggesting that precipitation of smectite developed over a prolonged period and under arid conditions.

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