Morphogenetic movements and multicellular development in the fruiting myxobacterium, Stigmatella aurantiaca

While the role of myosin II in muscle contraction has been well characterized, less is known about the role of myosin II in non-muscle cells. Recent molecular genetic experiments on Dictyostelium discoideum show that myosin II is necessary for cytokinesis and multicellular development. Here we use immunofluorescence microscopy with monoclonal and polyclonal antimyosin antibodies to visualize myosin II in cells of the multicellular D. discoideum slug. A subpopulation of peripheral and anterior cells label brightly with antimyosin II antibodies, and many of these cells display a polarized intracellular distribution of myosin II. Other cells in the slug label less brightly and their cytoplasm displays a more homogeneous distribution of myosin II. These results provide insight into cell motility within a three-dimensional tissue and they are discussed in relation to the possible roles of myosin II in multicellular development.

Download Full-text

The endoderm indirectly influences morphogenetic movements of the zebrafish head kidney through the posterior cardinal vein and VegfC

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep30677 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chih-Wei Chou ◽

Hsiao-Chu Hsu ◽

May-su You ◽

Jamie Lin ◽

Yi-Wen Liu

Keyword(s):

Head Kidney ◽

Cardinal Vein ◽

Morphogenetic Movements ◽

Posterior Cardinal Vein

Download Full-text

Network-based approaches to quantify multicellular development

Journal of The Royal Society Interface ◽

10.1098/rsif.2017.0484 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (135) ◽

pp. 20170484 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Matthew D. B. Jackson ◽

Salva Duran-Nebreda ◽

George W. Bassel

Keyword(s):

Structure Function ◽

Spatial Relations ◽

Higher Order ◽

Cellular Interaction ◽

Cellular Organization ◽

Multicellular Development ◽

Cell Organization ◽

Function Relationship ◽

And Function ◽

The Relationship

Multicellularity and cellular cooperation confer novel functions on organs following a structure–function relationship. How regulated cell migration, division and differentiation events generate cellular arrangements has been investigated, providing insight into the regulation of genetically encoded patterning processes. Much less is known about the higher-order properties of cellular organization within organs, and how their functional coordination through global spatial relations shape and constrain organ function. Key questions to be addressed include: why are cells organized in the way they are? What is the significance of the patterns of cellular organization selected for by evolution? What other configurations are possible? These may be addressed through a combination of global cellular interaction mapping and network science to uncover the relationship between organ structure and function. Using this approach, global cellular organization can be discretized and analysed, providing a quantitative framework to explore developmental processes. Each of the local and global properties of integrated multicellular systems can be analysed and compared across different tissues and models in discrete terms. Advances in high-resolution microscopy and image analysis continue to make cellular interaction mapping possible in an increasing variety of biological systems and tissues, broadening the further potential application of this approach. Understanding the higher-order properties of complex cellular assemblies provides the opportunity to explore the evolution and constraints of cell organization, establishing structure–function relationships that can guide future organ design.

Download Full-text

The Effects of β-Mercaptoethanol on the Morphogenetic Movements of Amphibian Embryos

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.11.1.155 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 155-166

Author(s):

P. Malpoix ◽

J. Quertier ◽

J. Brachet

Keyword(s):

Neural Tube ◽

Tube Formation ◽

Animal Pole ◽

Morphogenetic Movements ◽

Complete Development ◽

Early Stages ◽

Amphibian Embryos ◽

Biological Specificity ◽

Neural Tube Formation

The inhibition by β-mercaptoethanol of morphogenesis in amphibians, freshwater hydra, planarians and regenerating tadpoles, has already been reported by one of us (Brachet, 1958, 1959a, b, c). The present work provides a closer analysis of the biological specificity of j8-mercaptoethanol with regard to the different movements which produce gastrulation in amphibians: invagination, epiboly, convergent stretching and ingression. The main result, obtained with Pleurodeles, was that gastrulation is completely inhibited by M/100 β-mercaptoethanol. Lower concentrations (M/300) permit more complete development, but the resulting embryos are abnormal. β-Mercaptoethanol interferes with neural tube formation, but has less effect on the development of the notochord and the mesodermal somites. It was further noted that, when embryos are treated at very early stages (1–2 cells, young blastulae), the blastocoele seems to collapse and the ectoblast of the animal pole is deeply puckered.

Download Full-text

Identification and analysis of two sequences encoding ice-binding proteins obtained from a putative bacterial symbiont of the psychrophilic Antarctic ciliate Euplotes focardii

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102014000017 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 491-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sandra Pucciarelli ◽

Federica Chiappori ◽

Raghul Rajan Devaraj ◽

Guang Yang ◽

Ting Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid Level ◽

Bacterial Symbiont ◽

The Arctic ◽

Glacial Ice ◽

Mould Fungus ◽

Lake Vostok ◽

Ice Binding ◽

Stigmatella Aurantiaca ◽

Ice Binding Protein ◽

The Antarctic

AbstractWe identified two ice-binding protein (IBP) sequences, named EFsymbAFP and EFsymbIBP, from a putative bacterial symbiont of the Antarctic psychrophilic ciliate Euplotes focardii. EFsymbAFP is 57.43% identical to the antifreeze protein (AFP) from the Stigmatella aurantiaca strain DW4/3-1, which was isolated from the Victoria Valley lower glacier. EFsymbIBP is 53.38% identical to the IBP from the Flavobacteriaceae bacterium strain 3519-10, isolated from the glacial ice of Lake Vostok. EFsymbAFP and EFsymbIBP are 31.73% identical at the amino acid level and are organized in tandem on the bacterial chromosome. The relatively low sequence identity and the tandem organization, which appears unique to this symbiont, suggest an occurrence of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Structurally, EFsymbAFP and EFsymbIBP are similar to the AFPs from the snow mould fungus Typhula ishikariensis and from the Arctic yeast Leucosporidium sp. AY30. A phylogenetic analysis showed that EFsymbAFP and EFsymbIBP cluster principally with the IBP sequences from other Antarctic bacteria, supporting the view that these sequences belong to an Antarctic symbiontic bacterium of E. focardii. These results confirm that IBPs have a complex evolutionary history, which includes HGT events, most probably due to the demands of the environment and the need for rapid adaptation.

Download Full-text