Planet X and the origins of the shower and steady state flux of short-period comets

Icarus ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Matese
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Steady State Flux ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Planet X

"Steady-state" competence for bacterial transformation

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-292
Author(s):  
Herbert H. Eichhorn ◽  
Shigeyo Arikawa ◽  
Stephen Zamenhof
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Bacterial Transformation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Minimal Media ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Specific Phase

The cells of Bacillus subtilis, grown in minimal media, are known to become competent for transformation for a short period at a specific phase of ceil growth. In the present work the cells (strain 168 ind−) were grown in continuous culture (chemostat; glucose limiting, generation time 4 h, 37 °C). Aliquots were removed at 20- to 24-h intervals and immediately tested for competence. The viability (41 h) was 97%. The initial very low competence increased up to 200-fold within the 24 h and remained at this high, slowly decreasing level for at least 168 h. It is concluded that a long-lasting competence may develop and persist in the cells in continuous culture ("steady-state"), without demonstrable harmful effects to the population.

scholarly journals Improving the Antitumor Activity and Bioavailability of Sonidegib for the Treatment of Skin Cancer

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1560
Author(s):  
Amr Gamal ◽  
Haitham Saeed ◽  
Fatma I. Abo El-Ela ◽  
Heba F. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Steady State Flux

Throughout the United States and the world, skin cancer is the most frequent form of cancer. Sonidegib (SNG) is a hedgehog inhibitor that has been used for skin cancer treatment. However, SNG has low bioavailability and is associated with resistance. The focus of this work is to enhance bioavailability, anti-tumor efficacy and targeting of SNG via developing ethosome gel as a potential treatment for skin cancer. SNG-loaded ethosomes formulation was prepared and characterized in vitro by %entrapment efficiency (%EE), vesicle size, morphology, %release and steady-state flux. The results showed that the prepared formulation was spherical nanovesicles with a %EE of 85.4 ± 0.57%, a particle size of 199.53 ± 4.51 nm and a steady-state flux of 5.58 ± 0.08 µg/cm2/h. In addition, SNG-loaded ethosomes formulation was incorporated into carbopol gel to study the anti-tumor efficacy, localization and bioavailability in vivo. Compared with oral SNG, the formulation showed 3.18 times higher relative bioavailability and consequently significant anti-tumor activity. In addition, this formulation showed a higher rate of SNG penetration in the skin’s deep layers and passive targeting in tumor cells. Briefly, SNG-loaded ethosome gel can produce desirable therapeutic benefits for treatment of skin cancer.

STANDING‐WAVE PHENOMENA IN SHORT‐PERIOD SEISMIC NOISE

Geophysics ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra N. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Standing Wave ◽  
Seismic Noise ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Stratified Medium ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Compressional Waves ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wave Phenomena ◽  
Phase Spectra

Short‐period vertical seismometers are used in deep holes at several sites to obtain the change with depth in amplitude and phase spectra of short‐period seismic noise. Although the observed spectra can be explained by an arbitrary combination of several Rayleigh modes, an alternative theory is suggested here. An attempt is made to explain both amplitude and phase spectra of observed microseisms of period less than 6 sec in terms of standing‐wave phenomena caused by steady‐state plane harmonic compressional waves propagating vertically through a horizontally stratified medium. At most sites, the observed data indicate satisfactory agreement with the expected results. A considerable fraction of the short‐period noise may, therefore, be regarded as P‐wave noise propagating vertically from below.

Monitoring biofilm detachment under dynamic changes in shear stress using laser-based particle size analysis and mass fractionation

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.C. Choi ◽  
E. Morgenroth
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Annular Reactor ◽  
Mass Fractionation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Biofilm Detachment

Biofilm detachment under a dynamic change in shear stress was monitored using Focused Beam Reflectance Measurements (FBRM, LASENTEC®) and mass fractionation. An annular reactor was used to grow biofilm with glucose as substrate. Changing the rotational speed on the inner cylinder of the annular reactor from 150 RPM to 420 RPM induced a step increase in shear stress. It was observed that the rate of detachment increased rapidly after increasing shear stress and then returned to the previous level. Erosion was the dominant process of detachment under steady state operation, whereas sloughing was dominant following the sudden increase in shear stress. After reaching steady state detachment under high shear conditions, the rotational speed was decreased for a 12-hour period. During this brief period of lower shear, the biofilm adjusted to this new condition. When the shear stress was increased again, another sharp increase in effluent solids concentration was observed. A decrease in density indicates that the biofilm became more vulnerable to shear stress after being subjected to this short period of low shear.

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