A model for determining the steady state flux of inorganic microfiltration membranes

1992 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Asaadi ◽  
D.A. White
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Steady State Flux ◽  
Microfiltration Membranes

scholarly journals Development of a Novel Metalworking Fluid Engineered for Use With Microfiltration Recycling

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Wentz ◽  
S. G. Kapoor ◽  
R. E. DeVor ◽  
N. Rajagopalan
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Alumina Membranes ◽  
Steady State Flux ◽  
Metalworking Fluid ◽  
Microscope Imaging ◽  
Microfiltration Membranes ◽  
Electron Microscope Imaging ◽  
Scanning Electron

Membrane microfiltration is a promising technology that has been shown to extend metalworking fluid (MWF) life by eliminating contaminants while allowing the fluid to stay in use. However, the efficacy of this technology is compromised by the clogging of the filter pores in a process known as membrane fouling. In this paper the fouling issue is addressed by the development of a semi-synthetic MWF specifically designed to not foul microfiltration membranes. The composition of the designed MWF is discussed and compared with a commercial MWF. Cross-flow microfiltration fouling tests were carried out in low-pressure, high-velocity conditions on ceramic α-alumina membranes. Several common MWF components are shown not to be factors of membrane fouling on these membranes. The flux of the designed fluid was found to reach an immediate steady state at about twice the value of the steady-state flux of the tested commercial fluid. Scanning electron microscope imaging was used to further evaluate membrane fouling by each fluid. The machining capabilities of the designed fluid were examined in terms of cutting forces and machining temperature.

scholarly journals Improving the Antitumor Activity and Bioavailability of Sonidegib for the Treatment of Skin Cancer

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1560
Author(s):  
Amr Gamal ◽  
Haitham Saeed ◽  
Fatma I. Abo El-Ela ◽  
Heba F. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Steady State Flux

Throughout the United States and the world, skin cancer is the most frequent form of cancer. Sonidegib (SNG) is a hedgehog inhibitor that has been used for skin cancer treatment. However, SNG has low bioavailability and is associated with resistance. The focus of this work is to enhance bioavailability, anti-tumor efficacy and targeting of SNG via developing ethosome gel as a potential treatment for skin cancer. SNG-loaded ethosomes formulation was prepared and characterized in vitro by %entrapment efficiency (%EE), vesicle size, morphology, %release and steady-state flux. The results showed that the prepared formulation was spherical nanovesicles with a %EE of 85.4 ± 0.57%, a particle size of 199.53 ± 4.51 nm and a steady-state flux of 5.58 ± 0.08 µg/cm2/h. In addition, SNG-loaded ethosomes formulation was incorporated into carbopol gel to study the anti-tumor efficacy, localization and bioavailability in vivo. Compared with oral SNG, the formulation showed 3.18 times higher relative bioavailability and consequently significant anti-tumor activity. In addition, this formulation showed a higher rate of SNG penetration in the skin’s deep layers and passive targeting in tumor cells. Briefly, SNG-loaded ethosome gel can produce desirable therapeutic benefits for treatment of skin cancer.

scholarly journals Dynamic elementary mode modelling of non-steady state flux data

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Folch-Fortuny ◽  
Bas Teusink ◽  
Huub C.J. Hoefsloot ◽  
Age K. Smilde ◽  
Alberto Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Elementary Mode ◽  
Flux Data ◽  
Steady State Flux

scholarly journals Stability of an adaptively controlled pathway maximising specific flux under varying conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gosse B. Overal ◽  
Josephus Hulshof ◽  
Robert Planqué
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Linear Chain ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Quasi Steady State ◽  
Efficient Allocation ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
General Control ◽  
Steady State Flux ◽  
Evolutionary Advantage ◽  
Globally Stable

AbstractMicrobial cells need to adapt to changing environmental conditions to survive. There is an evolutionary advantage to grow fast; this requires high metabolic rates, and an efficient allocation of enzymatic resources. Here we study a general control theory called qORAC, developed previously, which allows cells to adaptively control their enzyme allocations to achieve maximal steady state flux. The control is robust to perturbations in the environment, but those perturbations themselves do not feature in the control. In this paper we focus on the archetypical pathway, the linear chain with reversible Michaelis-Menten kinetics, together with qORAC control. First we assume that the metabolic pathway is in quasi-steady state with respect to enzyme synthesis. Then we show that the map between steady state metabolite and enzyme concentrations is a smooth bijection. Using this information, we finally show that the unique (and hence flux-maximising) steady state of this system is locally stable. We provide further evidence that it may in fact be globally stable.

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