Effects of combined training programs on force-velocity relation and power output in human muscle

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Hideki Tohji ◽  
Kensaku Suei ◽  
Masahiro Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Combined Training ◽  
Velocity Relation ◽  
Force Velocity

Effects of Combined Training Loads on Relations Among Force, Velocity, and Power Development

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Toji ◽  
Kensaku Suei ◽  
Masahiro Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Combined Training ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Velocity Relation ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Key Words Muscle

The effects of different training programs on the force-velocity relation and the maximum power output from the elbow flexor muscles were examined in 12 male adults. The subjects were divided into two equal groups (G30 + 100 and G30 + 0), In the G30 + 100 group, training was performed with five, repetitions at 30% maximum strength (Fmax) and five isometric contractions (100% Fmax) and in the G30 + 0 group with five repetitions at 30% Fmax and five contractions with no load (0% Fmax). Training was performed 3 days a week for 11 weeks. Maximum power increased significantly in both groups after training. The power increase was significantly greater in the G30 + 100 group. Maximum strength was significantly higher only in the G30 + 100 group, while maximum velocity increased in both groups. No significant difference in strength or velocity gain was observed between the two groups. These results suggest that isometric training at maximum strength (100% Fmax) is a more effective form of supplementary training to increase power production than no load training at maximum velocity. Key words: muscle training, force-velocity relation, muscle power

Current perceptions of strength and conditioning coaches use of sled tow training

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412098861
Author(s):  
Jason Williams ◽  
Timothy Baghurst ◽  
Micheál J Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Individual Training

The purpose of this study was to assess current perceptions of strength and conditioning coaches’ use of sled towing (ST) as part of their training programs. One-hundred and twenty-five coaches responded to a survey of their ST practices. Themes investigated included the primary purpose and usefulness of using ST, the loads used in short and long distances, rest times between sprints, total volume of ST sprints per session, frequency of ST activity each month, and whether coaches engaged in force-velocity profiling in ST sprints. Eighty percent of coaches either agreed or strongly agreed that ST is a useful intervention tool for improving athletic performance. Speed strength was the physiological adaptation most sought after to improve ( n = 75) followed by power ( n = 72). Bodyweight (BW) loads of 20% were the most common across all distances. The two most common rest times given between each ST repetition were one to two minutes ( n = 37) and two to three minutes ( n = 37). The most common volume responses for individual training sessions were five to eight sprints ( n = 52) and three to five times per month, respectively. These data suggest strength and conditioning coaches view ST as an integral part of programming, primarily use loads of 20% BW for both short and long sprints and seek to optimize a number of different physiological adaptations. The majority of coaches have a favorable view of ST (88%); however, current training parameters used by strength and conditioning coaches may be inadequate to achieve their desired adaptations.

Fatigue of mouse soleus muscle, using the work loop technique.

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (22) ◽  
pp. 2907-2912 ◽  
Author(s):  
G N Askew ◽  
I S Young ◽  
J D Altringham
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Cycle Frequency ◽  
Reduction In Force ◽  
Negative Work ◽  
Loop Shape ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Positive Work ◽  
Work Loop

The function of many muscles requires that they perform work. Fatigue of mouse soleus muscle was studied in vitro by subjecting it to repeated work loop cycles. Fatigue resulted in a reduction in force, a slowing of relaxation and in changes in the force-velocity properties of the muscle (indicated by changes in work loop shape). These effects interacted to reduce the positive work and to increase the negative work performed by the muscle, producing a decline in net work. Power output was sustained for longer and more cumulative work was performed with decreasing cycle frequency. However, absolute power output was highest at 5 Hz (the cycle frequency for maximum power output) until power fell below 20% of peak power. As cycle frequency increased, slowing of relaxation had greater effects in reducing the positive work and increasing the negative work performed by the muscle, compared with lower cycle frequencies.

Force-velocity and force-power properties of single muscle fibers from elite master runners and sedentary men

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (2) ◽  
pp. C676-C683 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Widrick ◽  
S. W. Trappe ◽  
D. L. Costill ◽  
R. H. Fitts
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Type I ◽  
Shortening Velocity ◽  
Force Velocity

Gastrocnemius muscle fiber bundles were obtained by needle biopsy from five middle-aged sedentary men (SED group) and six age-matched endurance-trained master runners (RUN group). A single chemically permeabilized fiber segment was mounted between a force transducer and a position motor, subjected to a series of isotonic contractions at maximal Ca2+ activation (15 degrees C), and subsequently run on a 5% polyacrylamide gel to determine myosin heavy chain composition. The Hill equation was fit to the data obtained for each individual fiber (r2 > or = 0.98). For the SED group, fiber force-velocity parameters varied (P < 0.05) with fiber myosin heavy chain expression as follows: peak force, no differences: peak tension (force/fiber cross-sectional area), type IIx > type IIa > type I; maximal shortening velocity (Vmax, defined as y-intercept of force-velocity relationship), type IIx = type IIa > type I; a/Pzero (where a is a constant with dimensions of force and Pzero is peak isometric force), type IIx > type IIa > type I. Consequently, type IIx fibers produced twice as much peak power as type IIa fibers, whereas type IIa fibers produced about five times more peak power than type I fibers. RUN type I and IIa fibers were smaller in diameter and produced less peak force than SED type I and IIa fibers. The absolute peak power output of RUN type I and IIa fibers was 13 and 27% less, respectively, than peak power of similarly typed SED fibers. However, type I and IIa Vmax and a/Pzero were not different between the SED and RUN groups, and RUN type I and IIa power deficits disappeared after power was normalized for differences in fiber diameter. Thus the reduced absolute peak power output of the type I and IIa fibers from the master runners was a result of the smaller diameter of these fibers and a corresponding reduction in their peak isometric force production. This impairment in absolute peak power production at the single fiber level may be in part responsible for the reduced in vivo power output previously observed for endurance-trained athletes.

scholarly journals Effects of cross-bridge compliance on the force-velocity relationship and muscle power output

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e0190335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel J. Fenwick ◽  
Alexander M. Wood ◽  
Bertrand C. W. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Cross Bridge ◽  
Velocity Relationship ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Muscle Power Output
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