Current perceptions of strength and conditioning coaches use of sled tow training

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412098861
Author(s):  
Jason Williams ◽  
Timothy Baghurst ◽  
Micheál J Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Individual Training

The purpose of this study was to assess current perceptions of strength and conditioning coaches’ use of sled towing (ST) as part of their training programs. One-hundred and twenty-five coaches responded to a survey of their ST practices. Themes investigated included the primary purpose and usefulness of using ST, the loads used in short and long distances, rest times between sprints, total volume of ST sprints per session, frequency of ST activity each month, and whether coaches engaged in force-velocity profiling in ST sprints. Eighty percent of coaches either agreed or strongly agreed that ST is a useful intervention tool for improving athletic performance. Speed strength was the physiological adaptation most sought after to improve ( n = 75) followed by power ( n = 72). Bodyweight (BW) loads of 20% were the most common across all distances. The two most common rest times given between each ST repetition were one to two minutes ( n = 37) and two to three minutes ( n = 37). The most common volume responses for individual training sessions were five to eight sprints ( n = 52) and three to five times per month, respectively. These data suggest strength and conditioning coaches view ST as an integral part of programming, primarily use loads of 20% BW for both short and long sprints and seek to optimize a number of different physiological adaptations. The majority of coaches have a favorable view of ST (88%); however, current training parameters used by strength and conditioning coaches may be inadequate to achieve their desired adaptations.

scholarly journals The force-velocity profile as determinant of spike and serve ball speed in top-level male volleyball players

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249612
Author(s):  
Andrés Baena-Raya ◽  
Alberto Soriano-Maldonado ◽  
Manuel A. Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
Antonio García-de-Alcaraz ◽  
Manuel Ortega-Becerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding the relationship between mechanical variables derived from actions such as jumping, sprinting, or ballistic bench press throwing and sport-specific performance moves is of scientific and practical interest for strength and conditioning coaches for improving training programs. We examined the association between mechanical variables derived from the force-velocity (FV) profiles of the aforementioned actions and spike and serve ball speeds in elite volleyball players. Twenty-two male elite volleyball players (age: 24.3 ± 4.5 years; height: 1.89 ± 0.06 m; body mass: 86.3 ± 8.6 kg) were tested in two sessions. Squatting, sprinting, and bench press throwing FV profiles were determined in the first session, while spike and serve ball speeds were assessed in the second session. The theoretical maximal force (F0) of vertical jumping, the theoretical maximal velocity of sprinting, and the F0 of bench press throwing in ascending order, were strongly associated (rs range 0.53–0.84; p<0.05) with spike and serve ball speeds. These mechanical variables explained 20%-36% of the variability in spike and serve ball speeds, with a greater influence on the serve speed. These results suggest that assessing jumping, sprinting, and bench press throwing force-velocity profiles might help provide player-specific training programs and optimize performance in these technical-tactical actions in male elite volleyball players.

Scientific contributions of A. V. Hill: exercise physiology pioneer

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1567-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Bassett
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Frog Muscle ◽  
World War ◽  
Academic Assistance ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Velocity Equation ◽  
Force Velocity

Beginning in 1910, A. V. Hill performed careful experiments on the time course of heat production in isolated frog muscle. His research paralleled that of the German biochemist Otto Meyerhof, who measured the changes in muscle glycogen and lactate during contractions and recovery. For their work in discovering the distinction between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, Hill and Meyerhof were jointly awarded the 1922 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Because of Hill's interest in athletics, he sought to apply the concepts discovered in isolated frog muscle to the exercising human. Hill and his colleagues made measurements of O2 consumption on themselves and other subjects running around an 85-m grass track. In the process of this work, they defined the terms “maximum O2 intake,” “O2requirement,” and “steady state of exercise.” Other contributions of Hill include his discoveries of heat production in nerve, the series elastic component, and the force-velocity equation in muscle. Around the time of World War II, Hill was a leading figure in the Academic Assistance Council, which helped Jewish scientists fleeing Nazi Germany to relocate in the West. He served as a member of the British Parliament from 1940 to 1945 and as a scientific advisor to India. Hill's vision and enthusiasm attracted many scientists to the field of exercise physiology, and he pointed the way toward many of the physiological adaptations that occur with physical training.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton in extreme environments: importance and consequences of habitat permanency

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 848 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Padisák ◽  
Luigi Naselli-Flores
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Low Light ◽  
High Metal Content ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Characteristic Species ◽  
Compositional Diversity ◽  
Harsh Conditions

AbstractThere is hardly any sunshine exposed surface on this Earth, be it water or terrain, which would not support some biota. Still, many habitats offer harsh conditions requiring specialized physiological adaptations to survive. These environments are referred to as extremes; often inhabited by extremophilic organisms. In this review, characteristic species and assemblage properties of phytoplankton inhabiting extreme environments (especially lakes and pools where planktic life is potentially possible and independently of their origin) in terms of alkalinity, acidity, DOC, salinity, temperature, light and mixing regime will be outlined. Lakes characterized by more than a single extreme are common (e.g. saline + alkaline; acidic + high DOC + high metal content + low light). At the edge of extremes (e.g. pH of 1; salinity over ~ 100–150 g l−1) single species with appropriate physiological adaptation are selected and the phytoplankton is often dominated by a single species (monodominant) setting compositional diversity to zero. Under less extreme conditions permanent equilibria may persist; in many cases over several years in contrast to „average” lakes where equilibria are rare and ephemeral. Food webs depending on „extreme phytoplankton” are often atypical for example because the microbial loop is of prior importance or because birds are top predators.

scholarly journals Parenting While in Training: A Comprehensive Needs Assessment of Residents and Fellows

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti Magudia ◽  
Thomas S. C. Ng ◽  
Alexander G. Bick ◽  
Megan A. Koster ◽  
Camden Bay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Training ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Fellowship Training ◽  
Parental Status ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Access And Affordability ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Individual Training

ABSTRACT Background Parenting issues can affect physicians' choice of specialty or subspecialty, as well as their selection of individual training programs, because of the distinctive challenges facing residents and fellows with children. Specific information about how residents perceive these challenges is limited. Objective We sought to better understand the challenges associated with parenting during residency and fellowship training in order to inform policy and research. Methods In 2017, a voluntary online questionnaire was distributed to all 2214 Partners HealthCare graduate medical education trainees across 285 training programs. The survey queried attitudes of and about trainees with children and assessed needs and experiences related to parental leave, lactation, and childcare. Responses were compared between subgroups, including gender, surgical versus nonsurgical specialty, parental status, and whether the respondent was planning to become a parent. Results A total of 578 trainees (26%) responded to the questionnaire. Of these, 195 (34%) became parents during training. An additional 298 (52%) planned to become parents during training. Respondents overwhelmingly agreed that their institution should support trainees with children (95%) and that doing so is important for trainee wellness (98%). However, 25% felt that trainees with children burden trainees without children. Childcare access, affordability, and availability for sufficient hours were identified as key challenges, along with issues related to parental leave, lactation facilities, and effect on peers. Conclusions This survey highlights trainees' perspectives about parenting during their clinical training, signaling parental leave, lactation facilities, and childcare access and affordability as particular challenges and potential targets for future interventions.

Biofeedback Training: Enhancing Athletic Performance

Biofeedback ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Blumenstein ◽  
Yitzhak Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Mental Skills ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Mental Skills Training ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Conceptual Paper

During the last three decades, mental skills training of athletes has become widely accepted as an important factor in sport and a vital component of successful performance of top athletes. Biofeedback training (BFT) is a key element/tool of a complex multifaceted treatment/training program aimed at enhancing athletic performance. The main purpose of this conceptual paper is to illustrate the successful integration of the Wingate 5-Step Approach to training programs that are based on a periodization principle. This integration is targeted at the development of both physical and mental skills to optimize and enhance the effectiveness of the mental training process. Examples derived from our experiences are illustrated and discussed.

scholarly journals The Association Between Force-Velocity Relationship in Countermovement Jump and Sprint With Approach Jump, Linear Acceleration and Change of Direction Ability in Volleyball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jernej Pleša ◽  
Žiga Kozinc ◽  
Nejc Šarabon
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
The Individual

The force-velocity (FV) relationship allows the identification of the mechanical capabilities of musculoskeletal system to produce force, power and velocity. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of the mechanical variables derived from the FV relationship with approach jump, linear sprint and change of direction (CoD) ability in young male volleyball players. Thirty-seven participants performed countermovement jumps with incremental loads from bodyweight to 50–100 kg (depending on the individual capabilities), 25-m sprint with split times being recorded for the purpose of FV relationship calculation, two CoD tests (505 test and modified T-test) and approach jump. Results in this study show that approach jump performance seems to be influenced by maximal power output (r = 0.53) and horizontal force production (r = 0.51) in sprinting, as well as force capacity in jumping (r = 0.45). Only the FV variables obtained from sprinting alone contributed to explaining linear sprinting and CoD ability (r = 0.35–0.93). An interesting finding is that sprinting FV variables have similar and some even stronger correlation with approach jump performance than jumping FV variables, which needs to be considered for volleyball training optimization. Based on the results of this study it seems that parameters that refer to horizontal movement capacity are important for volleyball athletic performance. Further interventional studies are needed to check how to implement specific FV-profile-based training programs to improve specific mechanical capabilities that determine volleyball athletic performance and influence the specific physical performance of volleyball players.

scholarly journals Alternative Splicing Regulates the Physiological Adaptation of the Mouse Hind Limb Postural and Phasic Muscles to Microgravity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mason Henrich ◽  
Pin Ha ◽  
John S. Adams ◽  
Chia Soo ◽  
Kang Ting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Splicing Regulators ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Coordinate Changes

Muscle atrophy and fiber type alterations are well-characterized physiological adaptations to microgravity with both understood to be primarily regulated by differential gene expression (DGE). While microgravity-induced DGE has been extensively investigated, adaptations to microgravity due to alternative splicing (AS) have not been studied in a mammalian model. We sought to comprehensively elucidate the transcriptomic underpinnings of microgravity-induced muscle phenotypes in mice by evaluating both DGE and changes in AS due to extended spaceflight. Tissue sections and total RNA were isolated from the gastrocnemius and quadriceps, postural and phasic muscles of the hind limb, respectively, of 32-week-old female BALB/c mice exposed to microgravity or ground control conditions for nine weeks. Immunohistochemistry disclosed muscle type-specific physiological adaptations to microgravity that included i) a pronounced reduction in muscle fiber cross-sectional area in both muscles and ii) a prominent slow-to-fast fiber type transition in the gastrocnemius. RNA sequencing revealed that DGE and AS varied across postural and phasic muscle types with preferential employment of DGE in the gastrocnemius and AS in the quadriceps. Gene ontology analysis indicated that DGE and AS regulate distinct molecular processes. Various non-differentially expressed transcripts encoding musculoskeletal proteins (Tnnt3, Tnnt1, Neb, Ryr1, and Ttn) and muscle-specific RNA binding splicing regulators (Mbnl1 and Rbfox1) were found to have significant changes in AS that altered critical functional domains of their protein products. In striking contrast, microgravity-induced differentially expressed genes were associated with lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function. Our work serves as the first comprehensive investigation of coordinate changes in DGE and AS in large limb muscles across spaceflight. We propose that substantial remodeling of pre-mRNA by AS is a major component of transcriptomic adaptation of skeletal muscle to microgravity. The alternatively spliced genes identified here could be targeted by small molecule splicing regulator therapies to address microgravity-induced changes in muscle during spaceflight.

scholarly journals Pengalaman Pasien ODHA dalam Adaptasi Fisiologis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-141
Author(s):  
Juli Andri ◽  
Agus Ramon ◽  
Padila Padila ◽  
Andry Sartika ◽  
Eka Putriana
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Tingling Sensation ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Hiv Aids

This study aims to explore the experiences of ODHA patients in physiological adaptations in Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu. This type of research is qualitative research with survey methods and in-depth interviews (In-depth Interview). The results showed that the knowledge aspect of the three informants understood and knew about HIV / AIDS. Elements of the problem of physiological adaptation are obtained in the form of continuous diarrhea, continued appetite, drastic weight loss, fatigue when on the move, insomnia or sleep disturbances, itchy skin, infection of the skin, uncomplicated illness (fever, flu, and cough), joint pains, tingling sensation, forgetfulness, low vision, and refusing to open up to the surrounding environment. The aspect of ODHA experience in overcoming the problem of physiological adaptation is that ODHA not only depends on ARV drugs, but they use other medications according to complaints and use herbal medicines. In conclusion, the three informants understand HIV / AIDS, have many problems that arise in physiological adaptation, and how ODHA to overcome the problem of physiological adaptation, namely traditional and pharmacological ways.   Keywords: Physiological Adaptation, Experience of ODHA

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