Effects of Combined Training Loads on Relations Among Force, Velocity, and Power Development

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Toji ◽  
Kensaku Suei ◽  
Masahiro Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Combined Training ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Velocity Relation ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Key Words Muscle

The effects of different training programs on the force-velocity relation and the maximum power output from the elbow flexor muscles were examined in 12 male adults. The subjects were divided into two equal groups (G30 + 100 and G30 + 0), In the G30 + 100 group, training was performed with five, repetitions at 30% maximum strength (Fmax) and five isometric contractions (100% Fmax) and in the G30 + 0 group with five repetitions at 30% Fmax and five contractions with no load (0% Fmax). Training was performed 3 days a week for 11 weeks. Maximum power increased significantly in both groups after training. The power increase was significantly greater in the G30 + 100 group. Maximum strength was significantly higher only in the G30 + 100 group, while maximum velocity increased in both groups. No significant difference in strength or velocity gain was observed between the two groups. These results suggest that isometric training at maximum strength (100% Fmax) is a more effective form of supplementary training to increase power production than no load training at maximum velocity. Key words: muscle training, force-velocity relation, muscle power

The Novel Single-Stroke Kayak Test: Can It Discriminate Between 200-m and Longer-Distance (500- and 1000-m) Specialists in Canoe Sprint?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos R. Petrovic ◽  
Amador García-Ramos ◽  
Danica N. Janicijevic ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Castilla ◽  
Olivera M. Knezevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Traditional Resistance Training ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pull Tests ◽  
Training Exercises

Purpose: To test whether the force–velocity (F–V) relationship obtained during a specific single-stroke kayak test (SSKT) and during nonspecific traditional resistance-training exercises (bench press and prone bench pull) could discriminate between 200-m specialists and longer-distance (500- and 1000-m) specialists in canoe sprint. Methods: A total of 21 experienced male kayakers (seven 200-m specialists and 14 longer-distance specialists) participated in this study. After a familiarization session, kayakers came to the laboratory on 2 occasions separated by 48 to 96 hours. In a randomized order, kayakers performed the SSKT in one session and the bench press and bench pull tests in another session. Force and velocity outputs were recorded against 5 loads in each exercise to determine the F–V relationship and related parameters (maximum force, maximum velocity, F–V slope, and maximum power). Results: The individual F–V relationships were highly linear for the SSKT (r = .990 [.908, .998]), bench press (r = .993 [.974, .999]), and prone bench pull (r = .998 [.992, 1.000]). The F–V relationship parameters (maximum force, maximum velocity, and maximum power) were significantly higher for 200-m specialists compared with longer-distance specialists (all Ps ≤ .047) with large effect sizes (≥0.94) revealing important practical differences. However, no significant differences were observed between 200-m specialists and longer-distance specialists in the F–V slope (P ≥ .477). Conclusions: The F–V relationship assessed during both specific (SSKT) and nonspecific upper-body tasks (bench press and bench pull) may distinguish between kayakers specialized in different distances.

Isokinetic Measurement of Maximal Muscle Power during Leg Cycling: A Comparison of Adolescent Boys and Adult Men

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Williams ◽  
Peter Keen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Optimal Velocity ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Velocity Relationship ◽  
Leg Cycling

This study investigated the maximal isokinetic muscle power characteristics in adolescent boys and adult men by comparing voluntary maximal efforts on a novel isokinetic cycling ergometer. Thirteen boys and 12 men performed between seven and ten 6-s (unpaced, maximal) sprints at crank velocities ranging from 80–170 rev · min−1 (8.3–17.8 rad · s−1). Maximum power over a single revolution (Pmax) and mean power for the total of complete revolutions in 5 s (MP5s) were recorded, and the optimal crank velocity for both parameters was calculated for each subject. Men’s Pmax were significantly higher (P < .05) than boys. There were no significant differences in the optimal velocity at Pmax and MP5s or the theoretical maximum velocity at Pmax and MP5s for men or boys. All subjects showed a linear torque velocity relationship (r > 0.90) for both Pmax and MP5s. Absolute differences in isokinetic power between adolescent boys and adult men cannot be attributable to the differences in crank pedal velocities as optimal velocities were similar in both groups.

scholarly journals Force-Velocity Profile of Competitive Kayakers: Evaluation of a Novel Single Kayak Stroke Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Milos Petrovic ◽  
Amador Garcia-Ramos ◽  
Danica Janicijevic ◽  
Alejandro Perez-Castilla ◽  
Olivera M. Knezevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Fatigue Monitoring ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The assessment of the force-velocity (F-V) profile in athletes may have important applications for training prescription, injury management, and fatigue monitoring. This study aimed to assess whether a novel single kayak stroke test (SKST) is able to provide the F-V relationship variables (maximum force, maximum velocity and maximum power) of competitive kayakers with acceptable reliability and external validity. Six female (age: 20.3 ± 3.7 years) and eight male (age: 20.8 ± 2.4 years) elite kayakers performed the SKST, bench press, bench pull, and short Wingate kayak test. The individual F-V relationships were highly linear [median r (range): left stroke = 0.986 (0.897 - 0.998); right stroke = 0.987 (0.971 - 0.999)]. The reliability of the F-V relationship parameters obtained during the SKST was high (within-session: CV ≤ 4.48% and ICC ≥ 0.93; between-session: CV ≤ 8.06% and ICC ≥ 0.65). The validity of the F-V relationship parameters obtained during the SKST was generally very high for maximum power (r range = 0.825 - 0.975), high for maximum force during both the bench press and the bench pull (r range = 0.751 - 0.831), and high or moderate for maximal velocity during the bench pull (r = 0.770 - 0.829) and the bench press (r = 0.355 - 0.471), respectively. The SKST can be considered a feasible procedure for testing the maximal upper-body muscle mechanical capacities of kayakers.

scholarly journals Effect of osmotic compression on the force-velocity properties of glycerinated rabbit skeletal muscle cells.

1991 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
L E Ford ◽  
K Nakagawa ◽  
J Desper ◽  
C Y Seow
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Force ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Half Maximum ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Relative Maximum ◽  
Maximum Activation ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Full Activation

The force-velocity relations of single glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fibers at 5 degrees C were studied at maximum and half-maximum activation in the presence of 0 (control) and 39-145 g/liter dextran T-70. Resting fiber diameter decreased progressively to approximately 70% of the nondextran control as the dextran concentration was increased. Isometric force at full activation increased to a maximum of 136% of control at 111 g/liter dextran and then fell to 80% of control in 145 g/liter dextran. Maximum velocity, which fell to 49% of the control value in the highest concentration of dextran, was nearly constant at approximately 65% control over the range of 58-111 g/liter dextran. Relative maximum power, which gives an estimate of changes in intermediate velocity, was not significantly reduced by dextran concentrations up to 76 g/liter, but then fell progressively to 62% of control in the highest concentration of dextran. At half-maximum activation, maximum velocity and relative maximum power were not significantly different from the values at full activation. The results obtained at partial activation indicate that the decline of velocity seen in the presence of dextran is not due to a passive internal load and that the dextran does not cause a viscous resistance to shortening. The increased velocity in the absence of dextran can be explained by the reduced ability of cross-bridges to resist shortening, as proposed by Goldman (1987. Biophys. J. 51:57).

Comparative force-velocity relation and analyses of myosin of dog atria and ventricles

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (3) ◽  
pp. H391-H397 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wikman-Coffelt ◽  
H. Refsum ◽  
G. Hollosi ◽  
L. Rouleau ◽  
L. Chuck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Calcium Sensitivity ◽  
Myofibrillar Proteins ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Velocity Of Shortening ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Normal Calcium ◽  
Actin Concentration

The isolated muscle and purified myofibrillar proteins of canine atria and ventricles were compared relative to force-velocity relations and rate of adenosine 5'-triphosphatase (ATPase) activity as a function of calcium concentrations. The maximal stress development of isolated trabeculae of canine atria was similar to that of canine right ventricular papillary muscles when analyzed at saturating calcium concentrations (7.5 mM); however, stress was less in the atria when studied at normal calcium concentrations (2.5 mM). The maximal velocity of shortening of atrial trabeculae was about 2.3 times higher than that of ventricular muscle. Regulated actomyosin characterized from the myofibrillar proteins of the two tissues gave directionally similar calcium sensitivity. The maximum velocity of shortening for actin-activated atrial myosin of the dog was approximately 1.8 times higher when the latter was analyzed as a function of actin concentration. Both maximal tension of isolated muscle and regulated actomyosin ATPase activity were dependent on calcium concentration.

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