Ultrastructure of moth alary muscles and their attachment to the heart wall

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1539-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Sanger ◽  
F.V. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Heart Wall ◽  
Alary Muscles

The Basic Plan of the Adult Heart Is Conserved Across Different Species of Adult Mosquitoes, But the Morphology of Heart-Associated Tissues Varies

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 984-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Barbosa da Silva ◽  
Raquel Soares Maia Godoy ◽  
Gustavo Ferreira Martins
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Dorsal Region ◽  
Adult Heart ◽  
Anopheles Aquasalis ◽  
Pericardial Cells ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Heart Wall ◽  
Alary Muscles

Abstract The heart is a pivotal organ in insects because it performs a number of different tasks, such as circulating nutrients, hormones, and excreta. In this study, the morphologies of the heart and associated tissues, including pericardial cells (PCs) and alary muscles (AMs), in the hematophagous mosquitoes Anopheles aquasalis Curry (Diptera: Culicidae), Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae), and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), and the phytophagous Toxorhynchites theobaldi Dyar & Knab (Diptera: Culicidae) were compared using different microscopy techniques. Mosquito hearts are located across the median dorsal region of the whole abdomen. Paired incurrent openings in the heart wall (ostia) are found in the intersegmental regions (segments 2–7) of the abdomen, while an excurrent opening is located in the terminal cone of Ae. aegypti. The sides of the heart contain PC that are more numerous in An. aquasalis and Th. theobaldi. In these two species, PC form a cord of as closely aggregated cells, but in Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, PC occur in pairs with two or four PC pairs per intersegmental region. In Th. theobaldi, AM binds to all regions of the heart, whereas in other mosquitoes they only bind in the intersegmental regions. The basic plan of the adult heart was conserved across all the adult mosquitoes investigated in this study. This conserved organization was expected because this organ plays an important role in the maintenance of individual homeostasis. However, the species had different PC and of AM morphologies. These morphological differences seem to be related to distinct physiological requirements of mosquito circulatory system.

The innervation of toad lymph hearts: An ultrastructural study

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 898-899
Author(s):  
A.M. Pucci ◽  
C. Fruschelli ◽  
A. Rebuffat ◽  
M. Guarna ◽  
C. Alessandrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Lymph Heart ◽  
Muscular Pump ◽  
Structure And Ultrastructure ◽  
Heart Wall

Amphibians have paired muscular pump organs, called “lymph heart”, which rhythmically pump back the lymph from the large subcutaneous lymph sacs into the veins. The structure and ultrastructure of these organs is well known but to date there is a lack of information about the innervation of lymph hearts. Therefore has been carried out an ultrastructural study in order to study the distribution of the nerve fibers, and the morphology of the neuromuscular junctions in the lymph heart wall.

scholarly journals Changes Caused by Low Doses of Bisphenol A (BPA) in the Neuro-Chemistry of Nerves Located in the Porcine Heart

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Krystyna Makowska ◽  
Slawomir Gonkowski
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Endocrine Disruptor ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Heart Wall ◽  
Cholinergic Structures

Bisphenol A (BPA) contained in plastics used in the production of various everyday objects may leach from these items and contaminate food, water and air. As an endocrine disruptor, BPA negatively affects many internal organs and systems. Exposure to BPA also contributes to heart and cardiovascular system dysfunction, but many aspects connected with this activity remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of BPA in a dose of 0.05 mg/kg body weight/day (in many countries such a dose is regarded as a tolerable daily intake–TDI dose of BPA–completely safe for living organisms) on the neurochemical characterization of nerves located in the heart wall using the immunofluorescence technique. The obtained results indicate that BPA (even in such a relatively low dose) increases the number of nerves immunoreactive to neuropeptide Y, substance P and tyrosine hydroxylase (used here as a marker of sympathetic innervation). However, BPA did not change the number of nerves immunoreactive to vesicular acetylcholine transporter (used here as a marker of cholinergic structures). These observations suggest that changes in the heart innervation may be at the root of BPA-induced circulatory disturbances, as well as arrhythmogenic and/or proinflammatory effects of this endocrine disruptor. Moreover, changes in the neurochemical characterization of nerves in the heart wall may be the first sign of exposure to BPA.

scholarly journals (A110) Cardiac Trauma in Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s38-s39
Author(s):  
D.U. Krivchenya ◽  
Y.O. Rudenko ◽  
P.P. Sokur
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Surgical Operation ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Cardiac Trauma ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Heart Wall ◽  
Heart Lesions

Heart trauma is a severe form of thoracic trauma with an incidence of 7–14%. Heart trauma can be either open or blunt, with the latter more prevalent during a disaster. Possible open heart injuries include: (1) pericardial injuries; (2) superficial myocardial and coronary vessels injuries; and (3) penetrating cardiac wounds. The variants of blunt heart trauma include: (1) heart concussion and contusion; (2) rupture of the heart wall and intracardiac structures; (3) rupture of cusps and cords of the heart valves; and (4) cardiac septa (i.e., post-traumatic heart lesions). The latter are characteristic of injuries caused by a fall, and/or a crushing event. The course of heart trauma is severe, and is complicated by the development of shock and catastrophic hemodynamic disorders due to the sudden occurrence of post-traumatic heart lesions and infarction. Thus, verifying cardiac trauma can be complicated. Diagnosing and assessing the severity of heart trauma requires the measurement of intra-arterial and central venous pressures, chest radiography, electrocardiography, pericardial puncture, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, cardioangiography, and measurement of heart enzymes. One-hundred twenty-seven patients ages 2 to 42 years with open (92.1%) and blunt (7.9%) cardiac trauma were treated. Of these patients, 16.5% were children and teenagers. The challenges of treating heart trauma include simultaneously carrying out anti-shock treatment, surgical operation, and resuscitation measures. If post-traumatic heart lesions are diagnosed, surgical correction should be performed despite cardiac decompression. The use of cardiopulmonary bypass is essential.

‘Strange quadruple rhythm’: listen to the writing on the heart wall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makiko Suto ◽  
Kensuke Matsumoto ◽  
Ken-Ichi Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Heart Wall

MEMBRANE FINITE ELEMENT FOR MODELING HEART WALL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Kojić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Normal Stresses ◽  
Membrane Shell ◽  
Heart Motion ◽  
Wall Deformation ◽  
Helicoidal Structure ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
And Function ◽  
Heart Wall

Modeling of heart wall deformation remains a challenge due to complex structure of tissue, which contains different group of cells and connective tissue. Muscle cells are dominant where, besides stresses coming from tissue deformation, active stresses are generated representing the load which produces heart motion and function. These cells form a helicoidal structure within so- called wall sheets and are considered as tissue fibers. Usual approach in the finite element (FE) discretization is to use 3D isoparametric elements. The dominant stresses lie in the sheet planes, while normal stresses in the wall normal directions are of the order smaller. Taking this stress state into account, we explore a possibility to model heart wall by membrane finite elements, hence considering the wall as a thick membrane (shell without bending effects). The membrane element is composite, containing layers over the thickness and variation of the direction of fibers. The formulated element is applied to a simplified left ventricle geometry to demonstrate a possibility to simulate heart mechanics by models which are much smaller and simpler for use than 3D conventional models.

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