The Basic Plan of the Adult Heart Is Conserved Across Different Species of Adult Mosquitoes, But the Morphology of Heart-Associated Tissues Varies

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 984-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Barbosa da Silva ◽  
Raquel Soares Maia Godoy ◽  
Gustavo Ferreira Martins
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Dorsal Region ◽  
Adult Heart ◽  
Anopheles Aquasalis ◽  
Pericardial Cells ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Heart Wall ◽  
Alary Muscles

Abstract The heart is a pivotal organ in insects because it performs a number of different tasks, such as circulating nutrients, hormones, and excreta. In this study, the morphologies of the heart and associated tissues, including pericardial cells (PCs) and alary muscles (AMs), in the hematophagous mosquitoes Anopheles aquasalis Curry (Diptera: Culicidae), Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae), and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), and the phytophagous Toxorhynchites theobaldi Dyar & Knab (Diptera: Culicidae) were compared using different microscopy techniques. Mosquito hearts are located across the median dorsal region of the whole abdomen. Paired incurrent openings in the heart wall (ostia) are found in the intersegmental regions (segments 2–7) of the abdomen, while an excurrent opening is located in the terminal cone of Ae. aegypti. The sides of the heart contain PC that are more numerous in An. aquasalis and Th. theobaldi. In these two species, PC form a cord of as closely aggregated cells, but in Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, PC occur in pairs with two or four PC pairs per intersegmental region. In Th. theobaldi, AM binds to all regions of the heart, whereas in other mosquitoes they only bind in the intersegmental regions. The basic plan of the adult heart was conserved across all the adult mosquitoes investigated in this study. This conserved organization was expected because this organ plays an important role in the maintenance of individual homeostasis. However, the species had different PC and of AM morphologies. These morphological differences seem to be related to distinct physiological requirements of mosquito circulatory system.

Ultrastructure of moth alary muscles and their attachment to the heart wall

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1539-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Sanger ◽  
F.V. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Heart Wall ◽  
Alary Muscles

scholarly journals Alguns aspectos da ecologia dos mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) de uma área de planície (Granjas Calábria), em Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro: III. Preferência horária das fêmeas para o hematofagismo

1985 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira ◽  
Tereza Fernandes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Anopheles Aquasalis ◽  
Aedes Taeniorhynchus

Apresentamos os resultados de observação sobre o ciclo circadiano de atividade hematofágica dos mosquitos, em Granja Calábria, Jacarepaguá, na planície litorânea do Rio de Janeiro, onde realizamos, em isca humana, ao ar livre, capturas semanais, de 8 às 10, de 13 às 15 e 18 às 20 horas, de agosto de 1981 a julho de 1982, além de três capturas horárias de 24 horas seguidas. A maioria das espécies locais revelou caráter crepuscular vespertino e noturno. Contudo Limatus durhami, Phoniomyia davisi, Wyeomyia leucostigma e Wyeomyia (Dendromyia) sp. foram essencialmente diurnas, enquanto Anopheles albitarsis, Culex chidesteri e Culex quinquefasciatus foram obtidas somente no crepúsculo vespertino e à noite. Embora Anopheles aquasalis, Culex coronator, Culex saltanensis, Culex crybda e Coquillettidia venezuelensis fossem preponderantemente noturnas e Phoniomyia deanei e Phoniomyia theobaldi principalmente diurnas, obtivemô-las algumas vezes, fora do horário preferencial, sendo que Phoniomyia deanei teve nítido incremento pré-crepuscular vespertino. Aedes scapularis, Aedes taeniorhynchus e Mansonia titillans, espécies mais ecléticas, picaram durante todo o nictêmero, mas com flagrante acentuação crepuscular vespertina.

A Histological Study on Heart of Pelophylax cf. bedriagae (Anura: Ranidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Esra Akat
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Sinus Venosus ◽  
Medium Layer ◽  
The Right ◽  
Endocardial Endothelium ◽  
Heart Wall

A circulatory system become compulsory for the transport of nutrients and gases due to the growth of animals and the development of various organs. The heart of Pelophylax cf. bedriagae consisted of three chambers (two atria and one ventricle). Two atria were completely separated, however the ventricle were undivided. When looking dorsally on the heart, thin-walled sinus venosus was observed. The sinus venosus is responsible for initiating the heart beat and receives venous blood coming from caput, anterior legs, and body that then flows to the right atrium. Pacemaker cells and ganglion cells were main cells of the sinus venosus. The layer of the heart wall consisted of epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. The epicardium was the outer layer of heart. The myocardium was medium layer which was composed of an outer compact layer and inner trabecular layer. Ventricular trabeculae were lined by a thin layer of endocardial endothelium. The inner trabecular layer of ectothermic vertebrates is accepted as homologous to the Purkinje network. The atrioventricular valves were composed of loose connective tissue.

scholarly journals Phase Measurement Using DIC Microscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 629-643
Author(s):  
Krisztian Koos ◽  
Begüm Peksel ◽  
Lóránd Kelemen
Keyword(s):  
Phase Measurement ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Optical Path Length ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Transparent Objects ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Dic Microscopy

The development of fluorescent probes and proteins has helped make light microscopy more popular by allowing the visualization of specific subcellular components, location and dynamics of biomolecules. However, it is not always feasible to label the cells as it may be phototoxic or perturb their functionalities. Label-free microscopy techniques allow us to work with live cells without perturbation and to evaluate morphological differences, which in turn can provide useful information for high-throughput assays. In this study, we use one of the most popular label-free techniques called differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy to estimate the phase of cells and other nearly transparent objects and instantly estimate their height. DIC images provide detailed information about the optical path length (OPL) differences in the sample and they are visually similar to a gradient image. Our previous DIC construction algorithm outputs an image where the values are proportional to the OPL (or implicitly the phase) of the sample. Although the reconstructed images are capable of describing cellular morphology and to a certain extent turn DIC into a quantitative technique, the actual OPL has to be computed from the input DIC image and the microscope calibration settings. Here we propose a computational method to measure the phase and approximate height of cells after microscope calibration, assuming a linear formation model. After a calibration step the phase of further samples can be determined when the refractive indices of the sample and the surrounding medium is known. The precision of the method is demonstrated on reconstructing the thickness of known objects and real cellular samples.

A SEM/TEM examination of a ceramic membrane

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
C.E. Voegele-Kliewer ◽  
A.D. McMaster ◽  
G.W. Dirks
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Hydrogen Iodide ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Corning Glass ◽  
Gas Transport Properties ◽  
Porous Microstructure ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
The Relationship

Materials other than polymers, e.g. ceramic silicates, are currently being investigated for gas separation processes. The permeation characteristics of one such material, Vycor (Corning Glass #1370), have been reported for the separation of hydrogen from hydrogen iodide. This paper will describe the electron microscopy techniques applied to reveal the porous microstructure of a Vycor membrane. The application of these techniques has led to an increased understanding in the relationship between the substructure and the gas transport properties of this material.

Acoustic microscopy techniques for the inspection of integrated circuit devices and packages

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 966-967
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Frequency Scanning ◽  
Ic Packaging ◽  
Ic Package ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Ic Package Inspection ◽  
Pulse Echo ◽  
Scanning Acoustic Microscope

In the last decade, a variety of characterization techniques based on acoustic phenomena have come into widespread use. Characteristics of matter waves such as their ability to penetrate optically opaque solids and produce image contrast based on acoustic impedance differences have made these techniques attractive to semiconductor and integrated circuit (IC) packaging researchers.These techniques can be divided into two groups. The first group includes techniques primarily applied to IC package inspection which take advantage of the ability of ultrasound to penetrate deeply and nondestructively through optically opaque solids. C-mode Acoustic Microscopy (C-AM) is a recently developed hybrid technique which combines the narrow-band pulse-echo piezotransducers of conventional C-scan recording with the precision scanning and sophisticated signal analysis capabilities normally associated with the high frequency Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM). A single piezotransducer is scanned over the sample and both transmits acoustic pulses into the sample and receives acoustic echo signals from the sample.

A scanning electron microscopic study of the eggs of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 884-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Nunamaker ◽  
C. E. Nunamaker ◽  
B. C. Wick
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Culicoides Variipennis ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Scanning Electron

Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) is probably the most economically important species of biting midge in the U.S. due to its involvement in the transmission of bluetongue (BT) disease of sheep, cattle and ruminant wildlife, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) of deer. Proposals have been made to recognize the eastern and western populations of this insect vector as distinct species. Others recommend use of the term “variipennis complex” until such time that the necessary biosystematic studies have been made to determine the genetic nature and/or minute morphological differences within the population structure over the entire geographic range of the species. Increasingly, students of ootaxonomy are relying on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess chorionic features. This study was undertaken to provide comparative chorionic data for the C. variipennis complex.Culicoides variipennis eggs were collected from a laboratory colony maintained in Laramie, Wyoming.

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