The effects of synthesis conditions on the characteristics and chemical structures of polyaniline: A comparative study

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Tan ◽  
B.T.G. Tan ◽  
S.H. Khor ◽  
K.G. Neoh ◽  
E.T. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Chemical Structures

Investigation of Synthesis Parameters for Modification of Chitosan with Enrofloxacin

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 436-440
Author(s):  
Saniwan Srithongkham ◽  
Piyawadee Sutcharee ◽  
Amornrat Lertworasirikul
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Amino Group ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Optimum Synthesis ◽  
Carbodiimide Hydrochloride ◽  
Synthesis Parameters ◽  
Ft Ir

This research aims to investigate synthesis parameters for modification of chitosan with enrofloxacin. Most modifications of chitosan are focused on amino group. There are many methods for modification of chitosan, for example, conjugation of amino group with carboxylic group by coupling agents. 1-Ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino) propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (WSC) andN-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) are widely used coupling agents for amide formation under mild conditions. Those two coupling agents were applied in this study. Optimum amount and ratio of coupling agents, amount of enrofloxacin and reaction times were investigated. The chemical structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The optimum synthesis conditions were determined from the absorbance ratios. Chitosan-enrofloxacin has antibacterial activity against bothS. aureusandE. coli.

scholarly journals Experimental Comparative Study of Dynamic Behavior in Solution Phase of C-Tetra(phenyl)resorcin[4]arene and C-Tetra(phenyl)pyrogallol[4]arene

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2275
Author(s):  
José Luis Casas-Hinestroza ◽  
Miguel Ángel Vela Suazo ◽  
Mauricio Maldonado Villamil
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Solution Phase ◽  
Chair Conformer ◽  
Synthesis Conditions

The synthesis of phenyl-resorcinarenes and pyrogallolarenes is known to produce a conformational mixture of cone and chair isomers. Depending on the synthesis conditions the composition of the conformational mixture is variable; however, the cone conformer is the greatest proportion of phenyl-resorcin[4]arenes and chair conformer of pyrogallol[4]arenes. The experimental evidence suggests that phenyl-substituted resorcinarene and pyrogallolarene exist as a dynamic boat in solution.

Comparative study between Langmuir polymer monolayers behavior and their chemical structures

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gargallo ◽  
N. Becerra ◽  
A. Leiva ◽  
C. Sandoval ◽  
D. Radic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Chemical Structures

scholarly journals Innate trypanolytic factors in triatomine hemolymph against Trypanosoma rangeli and T. cruzi: a comparative study in eight Chagas disease vectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (170) ◽  
pp. 88-104
Author(s):  
Yazmin Suárez-Quevedo ◽  
Hamilton Julián Barbosa-Vinasco ◽  
Sneider Alexander Gutiérrez-Garnizo ◽  
Jenny Lorena Olaya-Morales ◽  
Daniel Zabala-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Lytic Activity ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Trypanosoma Rangeli ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Lysis Activity ◽  
Triatomine Species ◽  
Laboratory Colonies

There is limited information about the innate immunity of triatomines against Trypanosoma rangeli, an infectious, non-pathogenic human parasite, and T. cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas’ disease. This study aimed at addressing this gap by studying the in vitro trypanolytic hemolymph activity from insects not infected by T. rangeli or T. cruzi. Eight triatomine species were examined including Rhodnius prolixus, R. robustus, R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, Triatoma dimidiata, T. maculata, and Panstrongylus geniculatus. The hemolymph of R. prolixus and R. robustus laboratory colonies demonstrated strong trypanolytic activity during the first 14 hours of parasite incubation with 81% lysis for the T. rangeli C genotype, 90% for the E genotype, 95% for T. cruzi discrete taxonomic unit (DTU) TcII, 94% for TcV, 96% for TcVI, 94% for Tcbat, and 90% for Tcmarinkellei. No lysis activity was detected 14 or 24 hours after parasite incubation with the hemolymph of insects from R. pictipes R. pallescens, P. geniculatus, and T. maculata colonies. Identical results (absence of lysis) were observed using hemolymph from R. colombiensis and T. dimidiata laboratory colonies and specimens captured in sylvatic environments. The hemolymph lytic activity against recently obtained cultures (95% decrease in live parasite count) and long-term T. cruzi TcII ones (96% decrease) was similar. Lytic activity was similar in hemolymph from R. prolixus nymphs, males and females and insects fed on chicken or mouse blood. This is the first comparative study of the trypanolytic activity of hemolymph from different triatomine species against T. rangeli and T. cruzi genotypes. Although the chemical structures of such lysis factors and the mechanisms determining their expression have not been fully determined, their identification furthers our understanding of triatomines’ innate immunity and their role in Trypanosoma transmission.

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