Effect of front wheel assist in four-wheel drive tractor (Part 2) — digital simulation of traction performance

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Takashi Tanaka ◽  
Nobuhiro Tano ◽  
Hiroshi Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

Design and Performance Simulation of a Power-Integrated Transmission Mechanism

2013 ◽  
Vol 397-400 ◽  
pp. 388-392
Author(s):  
Chou Mo ◽  
Ji Qing Chen ◽  
Feng Chong Lan
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

The power system structure of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) critically affects the performance of the vehicle. This study presents a power-integrated transmission mechanism that can provide six basic operating modes that can be further classified into 15 sub-modes. Switching clutch conditions helps transmission achieve speed and torque coupling. The proposed mechanism has CVT capability and an extended range capacity, and it is applicable to front-wheel-drive, rear-wheel-drive, or four-wheel-drive HEVs. A performance simulation on power and economy via Matlab and Cruise software demonstrates that the performance of the proposed transmission mechanism meets the target. Therefore, the mechanism is a feasible candidate for use in HEVs.

scholarly journals Rating forces grip and driving and accelerations of the car with drive different configuration

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Mariusz Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Strength ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Rear Axle ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Drive Systems ◽  
Four Wheel Drive ◽  
Mathematical Relations

Abstract The paper shows a typical drive systems used in today's vehicles, mainly cars. Approximated scheme of the formation of the driving force of the vehicle and the necessary mathematical relations for the calculation. For example, a typical passenger car BMW 320 was analyzed and calculations obtained a driving force, of adhesion and acceleration. The calculations were performed for the drive system, the classical (i.e. the rear axle of the vehicle) for front-wheel drive and four-wheel drive (4×4). Virtually assumed that to the above mentioned vehicle it is possible buildings of each of said system. These are shown graphically in diagrams bearing a distribution of the forces acting on the substrate and the reactions - the data necessary for the calculations. The resulting calculation is graphically shown in the diagrams, in which is illustrated a change value of the resulting adhesive strength, and the acceleration depending on the drive type vehicle.

Control Methods of Active Front Wheel Steering for 4WD Electric Vehicle

2011 ◽  
Vol 97-98 ◽  
pp. 735-740
Author(s):  
Ming Hui Zhao ◽  
Lian Dong Wang ◽  
Lei Ma ◽  
Hui Hou
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Control Input ◽  
Feedback Controllers ◽  
Sideslip Angle ◽  
Yaw Rate ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Four Wheel Drive ◽  
Yaw Moment

Based on two freedom degrees of vehicle model, control method which takes yaw rate and sideslip angle as system state, and front wheel corner and direct yaw moment as control input is put forward. Considering uncertainty of velocity and direct yaw moment, feedforward-feedback controllers are designed. Four wheel drive force are allocated by using feedforward compensation and yaw moment which is formed by driving force difference value. It makes yaw rate and sideslip well of tracking the desirable model when the vehicle drive steering. Finally, vehicle handling stability is studied on conditions of step input and sine input by simulation.

scholarly journals Mechanical Devices for Mass Distribution Adjustment: Are They Really Convenient?

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1820
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Varani ◽  
Michele Mattetti ◽  
Mirko Maraldi ◽  
Giovanni Molari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Fuel Saving ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Mechanical Devices ◽  
Four Wheel Drive ◽  
Engine Power

Since the introduction of four-wheel drive (4WD) and especially front wheel assist (FWA), many studies have been conducted on the optimal weight distribution between tractor front and rear axles because this influences traction efficiency. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the traction and efficiency advantages in the adoption of mechanical ballast position adjustment devices. The tested device is an extendable ballast holder mounted on the front three-point hitch of the tractor, able to displace the ballast up to 1 m away from its original position. An estimation of the fuel consumption during ploughing with the extendable ballast holder in different configurations was performed. Tractive performance was evaluated through drawbar tests, performed on loam soil with a 4WD tractor having a maximum engine power of 191 kW and a ballasted mass of 9590 kg. Results show that changing the tractor weight distribution over the range allowed by the extendable ballast holder produces limited effects in terms of tractive performance and fuel saving. The adoption of such devices is thus ineffective if other fundamental factors such as tyre pressure, choice of the front-to-rear wheel combination and lead of the front wheels are not considered during tractor setup.

Analyses of the Relations Between Driving Types and Regenerative Braking in Electric Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 896-900
Author(s):  
Jin Long Liu ◽  
Zhi Wei Gao ◽  
Jing Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

The relations between Electric Vehicle (EV) drive arrangement and efficiency of regenerative braking were discussed. Firstly, conclusions were concluded according to the analyses of theoretical models. And then the validity of conclusions was proved by the simulations basing on the software of MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results indicate that the EV with four-wheel drive (4WD) pattern has the highest efficiency in regenerative braking mode. It also shows that whether the EV with front-wheel drive (FWD) pattern has higher efficiency than the EV with rear-wheel drive (RWD) pattern in regenerative braking mode depends on the braking force distribution coefficient.

Analytical Traction and Propulsion Analysis

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghsen Lieh
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

Abstract Conventional approach for vehicle traction and propulsion analysis used spreadsheets. This is inconvenient if one intends to vary a parameter, and it is even more difficult when multiple parameters are evaluated at the design phase. In this paper, it is intended to formulate two nonlinear differential equations representing road load and power consumption. By expanding inertia force, air drag, rolling resistance, gravitational force and tire tractive force, the equations can be simplified as the function of velocity v, i.e., s 1 v ˙ = s 2 - s 3 v 2 and m v ˙ = - r 1 v 3 - r 2 v + r 3 v , respectively. With these two equations, it allows engineers to use either numerical or analytical method to study key parameters at the design phase. To demonstrate the effectiveness of these equations, Wright State’s electric car model is used. The results for front-wheel drive (FWD), rear-wheel drive (RWD) and four-wheel drive (4WD) cases are presented.

Front Wheel Assist Tractor Performance in Two and Four-Wheel Drive Modes

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 023-029 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Bashford ◽  
G. R. Woerman ◽  
G. J. Shropshire
Keyword(s):  
Front Wheel ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

Slip Calculation and Analysis for Four-wheel Drive Tractors

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márk Szente
Keyword(s):  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Wheel Slip ◽  
Wheel Load ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Special Respect ◽  
Four Wheel Drive ◽  
Drawbar Pull

The objective of the research of tires was to determine the dynamic rolling radius and to apply it to wheel slip calculations with special respect to vertical wheel load and to tire inflation pressure. It is typical of mechanical four-wheel drive tractors that there is a definite additional power in the tractor power chain. This additional power is dependent on the difference between the front wheel and rear wheel peripheral speeds. Further-more, the purpose was to determine the effect of additional slip on four-wheel drive tractors operated without drawbar pull. Experiments were performed on asphalt surfaces and fields. A new measurement method was developed, and a device was constructed for the implementation of three tractor wheel drive operational modes (four-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive and front-wheel drive). As the result of the experiments, a relationship was found to describe the dynamic rolling radius for low-profile radial tires tested on rigid road surfaces. On this basis, the classical slip calculation method was modified. This phenomenon appears only on hard roads and soil surfaces with high adhesion coefficients and only within the low drawbar pull range.

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