Traumatic shock, X-irradiation and avoidance behavior

1966 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Whaley ◽  
Barron B. Scarborough ◽  
Sherwood M. Reichard
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Traumatic Shock ◽  
X Irradiation

Post-Irradiation Saccharin Avoidance with Non-Coincident Stimuli

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. McLaurin ◽  
John A. Farley ◽  
Barron B. Scarborough ◽  
Travis D. Rawlings
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Saccharin Solution ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Backward Conditioning ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Per Se

Two separate studies were made to determine the degree of post-irradiation saccharin avoidance behavior displayed by rats given tap water or no fluid to drink prior to low-level x-irradiation exposure. In neither study were significant differences, in post-treatment saccharin avoidance behavior, found between the groups receiving saccharin solution, tap water or no fluid to drink prior to radiation exposure. It was concluded that the results could be viewed as additional evidence for the hypothesis of an association of a disturbed physiological state and the discriminatory saccharin solution in the home cage and not an association of x-irradiation with saccharin solution per se. Doubt was expressed that the results could be taken as evidence for successful backward conditioning.

Saccharin Avoidance Behavior Instigated by X-Irradiation in Backward Conditioning Paradigms

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Scarborough ◽  
D. L. Whaley ◽  
J. G. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Saccharin Solution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Saccharin Consumption ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Backward Conditioning ◽  
X Irradiation

Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to eight groups of seven animals each. The remaining four animals served as a pooled control. The eight experimental groups received 68 r of x-irradiation during a 10-min. exposure period. The pooled control group received only sham-irradiation. Animals were presented a choice of tap water of 0.1% saccharin solution at delays following irradiation ranging from 0 to 96 hr. Subsequent saccharin consumption was recorded for 4 days following irradiation. Results showed a decrease in saccharin consumption in groups which had first received the saccharin from 0 to 12 hr. after irradiation. No significant decrease was exhibited by groups with delays of 24 hr. or more.

Pre-Irradiation Saccharin Habituation: A Factor in Avoidance Behavior

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Farley ◽  
William A. McLaurin ◽  
Barron B. Scarborough ◽  
Travis D. Rawlings
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Saccharin Solution ◽  
Trace Conditioning ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sodium Saccharin ◽  
Group A ◽  
X Irradiation

Seven groups each with eight albino rats were habituated to a 0.1% sodium saccharin solution for either 8, 4, 2, 1, or 0 days prior to x-irradiation or sham-irradiation. The saccharin habituated groups showed a significant decrease in the degree of conditioned saccharin avoidance response as compared with the non-habituated group, but the degree of avoidance response was still significantly different from that of the sham-irradiated group. A group given water to drink prior to irradiation showed no significant difference in post-irradiation saccharin avoidance from the group given saccharin to drink. The results support previous evidence that prior experience with the CS (saccharin solution) significantly affects the intensity of the conditioned saccharin avoidance response in the trace conditioning paradigm using x-irradiation as the US, and also support previous work indicating that avoidance behavior to a preferred solution can be obtained without presentation of this solution prior to or during the radiation exposure.

scholarly journals FACILITATORY EFFECT OF PRENATAL X-IRRADIATION ON TWO-WAY AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR IN RATS

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHITAKA TAMAKI ◽  
RYUJIRO SHOJI ◽  
IKUO K. TAKEUCHI ◽  
UJIHIRO MURAKAMI
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
X Irradiation

Electron Microscopic Examination of a Transplantable Rat Mammary Carcinoma

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
S. Shirahama ◽  
G. C. Engle ◽  
R. M. Dutcher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
North West ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Tissue Specimens

A transplantable carcinoma was established in North West Sprague Dawley (NWSD) rats by use of X-irradiation by Engle and Spencer. The tumor was passaged through 63 generations over a period of 32 months. The original tumor, an adenocarcinoma, changed into an undifferentiated carcinoma following the 19th transplant. The tumor grew well in NWSD rats of either sex at various ages. It was invariably fatal, causing death of the host within 15 to 35 days following transplantation.Tumor, thymus, spleen, and plasma from 7 rats receiving transplants of tumor at 3 to 9 weeks of age were examined with an electron microscope at intervals of 8, 15, 22 and 30 days after transplantation. Four normal control rats of the same age were also examined. The tissues were fixed in glutaraldehyde, postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon. The plasma was separated from heparanized blood and processed as previously described for the tissue specimens. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate followed by lead citrate and examined with an RCA EMU-3G electron microscope.

The Response of Testis Cells to Low Dose X-Irradiation

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 542-543
Author(s):  
D. E. Philpott ◽  
W. Sapp ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
Joann Stevenson ◽  
S. Black
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
X Irradiation

The response of spermatogonial cells to X-irradiation is well documented. It has been shown that there is a radiation resistent stem cell (As) which, after irradiation, replenishes the seminiferous epithelium. Most investigations in this area have dealt with radiation dosages of 100R or more. This study was undertaken to observe cellular responses at doses less than 100R of X-irradiation utilizing a system in which the tissue can be used for light and electron microscopy.Brown B6D2F1 mice aged 16 weeks were exposed to X-irradiation (225KeV; 15mA; filter 0.35 Cu; 50-60 R/min). Four mice were irradiated at each dose level between 1 and 100 rads. Testes were removed 3 days post-irradiation, fixed, and embedded. Sections were cut at 2 microns for light microscopy. After staining, surviving spermatogonia were identified and counted in tubule cross sections. The surviving fraction of spermatogonia compared to control, S/S0, was plotted against dose to give the curve shown in Fig. 1.

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