A range of miniature mass-spectrometers for investigating the neutral and ionized gas composition of the upper atmospheric layers

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1204
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Gao ◽  
Qingyu Song ◽  
Robert J. Noll ◽  
Jason Duncan ◽  
R. Graham Cooks ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 566-568
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Babapour Ghadikolaee

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Ouyang ◽  
R. Graham Cooks

Vacuum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyi Ren ◽  
Meiru Guo ◽  
Yongjun Cheng ◽  
Yongjun Wang ◽  
Wenjun Sun ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
G.D. Danilatos

Over recent years a new type of electron microscope - the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) - has been developed for the examination of specimen surfaces in the presence of gases. A detailed series of reports on the system has appeared elsewhere. A review summary of the current state and potential of the system is presented here.The gas composition, temperature and pressure can be varied in the specimen chamber of the ESEM. With air, the pressure can be up to one atmosphere (about 1000 mbar). Environments with fully saturated water vapor only at room temperature (20-30 mbar) can be easily maintained whilst liquid water or other solutions, together with uncoated specimens, can be imaged routinely during various applications.


Author(s):  
Y. Taniguchi ◽  
E. Nakazawa ◽  
S. Taya

Imaging energy filters can add new information to electron microscopic images with respect to energy-axis, so-called electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI). Recently, many good results have been reported using this imaging technique. ESI also allows high-contrast observation of unstained biological samples, becoming a trend of the field of morphology. We manufactured a new type of energy filter as a trial production. This energy filter consists of two magnets, and we call γ-filter since the trajectory of electrons shows ‘γ’-shape inside the filter. We evaluated the new energyγ-filter TEM with the γ-filter.Figure 1 shows schematic view of the electron optics of the γ-type energy filter. For the determination of the electron-optics of the γ-type energy filter, we used the TRIO (Third Order Ion Optics) program which has been developed for the design of high resolution mass spectrometers. The TRIO takes the extended fringing fields (EFF) into consideration. EFF makes it difficult to design magnetic energy filters with magnetic sector fields.


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